Anatomy Tophat Module: Autonomic Nervous System

Describe the function of pelvic splanchnic nerves and list what structures they carry parasympathetic innervation to

Carry innervation to colon, urinary bladder, and male and female sex tissues- erotic tissues Contraction of the colon and urinary bladder for defecation and urination Parasympathetic=erection/orgasm

Describe the functions of the sympathetic nervous system Specifically describe its function on the heart and the eye

Fight or flight. Increases heart rate and decreases digestion. Gets the body ready to get to safety Describe the effects of the sympathetic nervous system on the heart and the pupil of the eye Heart: increases heart rate Pupil: dilates the pupil

Describe the functions of the parasympathetic nervous system Specifically describe its function on the heart and the eye

Functions of the parasympathetic division: "rest and digest" response, and is involved in slowing heart rate, increasing digestion, and making other changes that relax your body. Heart: slows the heart rate Pupil of Eye: constriction of the pupil

What effector areas are associated with each of the cranial nerves that function in the parasympathetic nervous sytem

III- Oculomotor The eye (ciliary ganglia) or the constrictor pupilae muscle VII- Facial Nerve Parotid and Mandibular Salivary glands (post mandibular ganglia→ salivary glands) IX-Glossopharyngeal Lacrimal gland (tears) Salivary gland in the mandible X- Vagus Nerve Heart and Lungs

location of postganglionic parasympathetic visceral motor neuron cell bodies

In or near the target organs

Specify the location of pre-ganglionic sympathetic visceral motor cell bodies

Lateral horn in the spinal cord Axons through the ventral (anterior) root of the spinal cord

What are the four cranial nerves that carry parasympathetic nervous system information

Nerves III, VII, X, and XI

Describe how info gets to effector cells of the autonomic cells

Relay of two neurons. Pre/Post ganglionic nerves. Pre: The preganglionic neuron receives instructions from the upper motor neuron and communicates with the postganglionic neuron. Post: The postganglionic neuron then communicates with the target organ

Specify the locations of postganglionic sympathetic visceral motor cell bodies

Right or left sympathetic chain on either side of the spine EXCEPT if they are innervating organs of the abdomen, pelvis, and perineum Abdomen, Pelvis, and Perineum: Pre-gang. Axons pass through the sympathetic chain without synapsing, continuing on as splanchnic nerves and then synapsing onto postganglionic neurons in pre-vertebral ganglia, which are found in front of the vertebral column

Functions of the autonomic nervous system and the types of tissues that it innervates

The autonomic nervous system is the visceral motor system that allows your body to maintain bodily functions. Continuously recieves stimuli and subconciously controls the action of certain smooth muscles, glands, etc. innervate smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, blood vessels, glands, and the muscles of hair follicles.

Describe autonomic reflexes

Unconscious motor reflexes relayed from the organs and glands to the CNS through visceral afferent signaling The medulla's major ANS functions include respiration (the respiratory control center, or RCC), cardiac regulation (the cardiac control center, or CCC), vasomotor activity (the vasomotor center or VMC), and certain reflex actions (such as coughing, sneezing, vomiting and swallowing).

Specify whether the fibers composing the white rami communicantes and grey rami communicantes are preganglionic or postganglionic (sympathetic nervous system)

White: pre-ganglionic Grey: post ganglionic

Describe a ganglion

collection of cell bodies outside of the CNS- where the pre-gang. And post gang. Nerves meet. Relay center

location of preganglionic parasympathetic visceral motor neuron cell bodies

in the brainstem and sacral spinal cord These are longer

Describe what an autonomic plexus is

sympathetic and parasympathetic fibers that innervate and regulate the overall activity of visceral organs. Ex: cardiac plexus, the pulmonary plexus, the esophageal plexus, the abdominal aortic plexus, and the superior and inferior hypogastric plexuses.