Ancient History Exam

The ______________rule was written by the founder of one monastic order and was crucial to the growth of monasticism in the western world. A. Benedictine B. Gregorian C. Dominican D. Franciscan

A. Benedictine

What caused Clovis to convert to Christianity? A. His wife convinced him to convert. B. During battle, he made a promise that if he won the battle, he would convert. C. The pope promised him political support if he converted. D. Jesus appeared to him in a dream, inspiring him to convert.

A. His wife convinced him to convert.

Why was the Frankish kingdom divided into three parts? A. It was Frankish custom to divide the lands of a father when he died. B. Clovis believed that the kingdom was too large to administer as one large unit. C. Mountain ranges ran through the kingdom and divided it into three parts. D. Clovis united three separate tribes to form the kingdom of the Franks.

A. It was Frankish custom to divide the lands of a father when he died.

Which of the following statements about missionaries in the early Christian church is true? A. The primary role of the missionary was to convert non-Christians. B. The primary role of the missionary was to ensure that Christians stay faithful to the church. C. Most missionaries in this period avoided working in Germany. D. Very few women took part in missionary work.

A. The primary role of the missionary was to convert non-Christians.

.Why did the bishops of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem hold special powers in church affairs? A. because the churches in those cities believed that they had been founded by four of the original apostles. B. because they were the wealthiest cities at the time. C. because the men who held those bishoprics at the time had the most dominant personalities. D. because Jesus had performed miracles in those cities during his lifetime.

A. because the churches in those cities believed that they had been founded by four of the original apostles.

The Church became stronger as the Empire became weaker because A. people would look to the Church of stability, safety, and the promise of salvation. B. the Church could lend money to the governments. C. the Church was better organized and worked in a more coordinated fashion. D. people were superstitious and viewed the Church as a "good luck charm."

A. people would look to the Church of stability, safety, and the promise of salvation.

What does the name Laozi mean? A. "Old Master" B. "First Teacher" C. "Emperor" D. "The Great Way"

A. "Old Master"

What is a bazaar? A. A covered marketplace where goods from all over the known world were sold B. A palace for caliphs or other important officials C. A trade center for wealthy merchants and exclusive clientele D.A type of art work used to decorate Arabic letters

A. A covered marketplace where goods from all over the known world were sold

Islamic art featured natural plants, abstract patterns, and A. Arabic letters. B. pictures of animals. C. illustrations of Muslim men and women in prayer. D.images of Muhammad.

A. Arabic letters.

Ibn-Rushd was an Arab scholar who wrote a commentary on A. Aristotle's works. B.higher mathematics. C. Islamic architecture. D.religion in Islamic art.

A. Aristotle's works.

Under the reign of __________, India became a major crossroads in a trade network that extended from the rim of the Pacific to Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean Sea. A. Aśoka B.Candra Gupta C. Megasthenes D.Candragupta Maurya

A. Aśoka

After the Akkadian empire, the next great empire in Mesopotamia was called the A. Babylonian empire. B.Assyrian empire. C. New Kingdom. D.Persian empire.

A. Babylonian empire.

Why would the Roman army hire Germans to fight as Roman soldiers? A. Because the plague had killed so many people, there were not enough Roman men to satisfy the army's need for soldiers. B. Because Germans were excellent fighters. C. Because Germans understood Roman culture and had great loyalty to the empire D. Because Roman farms and businesses were so prosperous, Roman men refused to leave them to join the army.

A. Because the plague had killed so many people, there were not enough Roman men to satisfy the army's need for soldiers.

What was the primary, religious reason that Christians refused to worship state gods and emperors? A. Christians believed that there was only one God. B. Christians did not want to worship the emperors who had persecuted them. C. Most Christians did worship Roman state gods. D.Christians did not think Roman gods were as good as the Christian god.

A. Christians believed that there was only one God.

Harmony with nature and the universal order are beliefs of A. Daoism. B.Confucianism. C. Zoroastrianism. D.the Legalists.

A. Daoism.

Within ten years of the unification under Abū Bakr, ___________________ had been added to the Arab Empire. A. Egypt B.Italy C. the German Empire D.Sardinia

A. Egypt

In the late Middle Ages, which country pursued a policy of religious conformity? A. England B.France C. Italy D.Spain

A. England

What happened to Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law? A. He became caliph but was assassinated five years later. B. He ruled the Arab Empire for thirty years following Abū Bakr's death. C. He was imprisoned after protesting the treatment of Jews in the Arab Empire. D.He was killed while attempting to overthrow Abū Bakr.

A. He became caliph but was assassinated five years later.

How did Confucius believe that duty and humanity should be reflected in the relationship between a ruler and his people. A. He believed that a ruler needed to be hard on his subjects because the subjects would continually attempt to deceive the ruler. B. People would subordinate their own interests to the broader need of the family and country. C. Confucius believed that the ruler and his subjects would follow the four noble truths for a happy relationship. D. People should be willing to follow a harsh ruler who was attempting to expand the empire.

A. He believed that a ruler needed to be hard on his subjects because the subjects would continually attempt to deceive the ruler.

How did Cleisthenes lay the foundations for democracy in Athens? A. He created a council of 500 that proposed, debated, and voted on laws before enacting them. B. He granted women full citizenship with political rights. C. He permitted a small number of farmers to participate along with the aristocrats in running the city-state. D.He seized the aristocrats' land and gave it to the poor.

A. He created a council of 500 that proposed, debated, and voted on laws before enacting them.

According to the traditional story, what convinced Constantine to convert to Christianity? A. He had a vision of the Christian cross, which was meant as a sign that he would win an important battle. B. He dreamed that if he painted the Christian cross on his soldiers' shields, he would win an important battle. C. He was seeking more meaning in his life and believed he could find that in Christianity. D.He wanted to repent for his earlier persecution of Christians.

A. He had a vision of the Christian cross, which was meant as a sign that he would win an important battle.

The Himalaya separated ancient China from A. India. B.Mongolia. C. Japan. D.Russia.

A. India.

Which of the following statements about Constantinople is true? A. It became one of the great cities of the world. B. It was located in what is now Egypt. C. The Roman emperor never provided the resources that the city needed to grow D.Its location was chosen for its remarkable natural beauty and not for any military reason.

A. It became one of the great cities of the world.

What was the outcome of the Gracchus's plan? A. It caused instability. B. It led to fewer wealthy landowners. C. It increased the power of generals. D.It increased the number of small farmers.

A. It caused instability.

How does an interdict work? A. It forbids priests to administer religious rites to certain people. B. It bars people from entering their church. C. It refuses kings the right to appoint anyone to religious office. D.It bans infidels from Christian cities.

A. It forbids priests to administer religious rites to certain people.

Putting a value on status will cause people to compete.... Thus the Sage rules by stilling minds and opening hearts by filling bellies and strengthening bones He shows people how to be simple and live without desires To be content and not look for other ways.... When action is pure and selfless Everything settles into its own perfect place —Verse 3, Tao Te Ching How does the quote reflect principles of Daoism? A. It suggests that people should work hard to improve their lives here on Earth B. It is concerned that people would not serve the interests of the ruler unless they were forced to do so with strict laws and harsh punishments C. People need to be concerned about their rank in society so that those who are born to lead can lead wisely. D.It is concerned with how people should allow a situation to "settle into its own perfect place."

A. It suggests that people should work hard to improve their lives here on Earth

The Czech reformer who was burned at the stake for heresy was A. John Hus B.Joan of Arc C. John Wyclif D.Martin Luther

A. John Hus

Which Indian literary work is an epic that includes riddles about the meaning of life? A. Mahabharata B.Ramayana C. The Cloud Messenger D.the Vedas

A. Mahabharata

Which of the following examples of male superiority characterized Aryan society? A. Only males were educated. B. Only males could use water from the Indus River. C. Only males could speak in public. D.Only males could join the upper class.

A. Only males were educated.

The city ports of Byblos, Tyre, and Sidon were part of A. Phoenicia. B.Babylonia. C. Lebanon. D.Egypt.

A. Phoenicia.

Which Roman official ordered the execution of Jesus? A. Pontius Pilate B.Constantine C. Nero D.Diocletian

A. Pontius Pilate

What sparked the First Punic War? A. Rome's invasion of Sicily B.Hannibal's crossing of the Alps C. Cato's fiery speeches D.the Battle of Zama in 202 B. C.

A. Rome's invasion of Sicily

The Muslim leader whose rise to power in the late twelfth century sparked the Third Crusade was named A. Saladin. B.Alexius I Comnenus. C. Barbarossa. D.Baybars.

A. Saladin.

Around 2340 b.c., the Sumerian city-states were conquered by the Akkadians under their leader A. Sargon. B.Hammurabi C. Darius. D.Zoroaster.

A. Sargon.

What was the name of the most popular school of thought during the Hellenistic era? A. Stoicism B.Epicureanism C. Platonism D.Sophistry

A. Stoicism

Why did the Greeks come into conflict with the Persians? A. The Greek settlements had begun to encroach on the Persian empire. B. The Persians were violently opposed to the democratic ideas developing among the Greeks. C. Pericles and the Persian emperor Darius had a personal dispute. D.The Spartans had announced their intention to seize control of the Persian empire.

A. The Greek settlements had begun to encroach on the Persian empire.

Why did so many different communities with independent ways of life develop in ancient Greece? A. The mountains in the territory isolated people from one another and prevented different communities from coming together B. People came to Greece from many different lands and brought with them their own local customs. C. The Greeks were naturally very independent minded and tended to settle in communities with others who shared their beliefs. D.Greek communities were strongly influenced by the ideas of local philosophers, who each promoted different points of view

A. The mountains in the territory isolated people from one another and prevented different communities from coming together

Why did Alexander's empire fall apart after his death? A. The top Macedonian generals got embroiled in a power struggle, instead of collaborating to preserve Alexander's legacy. B. The Greeks rose up against the Macedonians and regained some of their former power. C. Shortly after his death, the empire was invaded by the Romans. D. None of Alexander's top-ranking men wanted to take on the responsibility of a large empire.

A. The top Macedonian generals got embroiled in a power struggle, instead of collaborating to preserve Alexander's legacy.

What helped the Kushites establish a successful trading empire? A. Their land had good supplies of iron ore, which they made into tools and weapons for sale abroad. B. They knew how to talk buyers into paying the highest prices. C. They specialized in luxury goods, which drew people from far and wide, even though Kush was out of the way. D. The Kushites were renowned seamen who took their ships to distant ports to acquire goods.

A. Their land had good supplies of iron ore, which they made into tools and weapons for sale abroad.

What did the Athenians do in preparation for Xerxes's invasion? A. They formed a defensive league. B. They built up heir navy into a fleet of about 200 boats. C. They began training with the Spartan army. D.They fortified the walls about their city.

A. They formed a defensive league.

What was one important advantage the Hyksos had over the Egyptians in battle? A. They rode in horse-drawn war chariots. B. They were more aggressive and warlike. C. They carried wooden shields to protect themselves from blades and arrows. D.They used stealthier battle tactics.

A. They rode in horse-drawn war chariots.

What happened to books that presented ideas that were not the official view of the Qin dynasty? A. They were publicly burned. B. The emperor's bureaucrats wrote criticisms of them. C. They were taken away and encased in terra cotta. D.They were banned.

A. They were publicly burned.

What was the capital city of the Qin dynasty? A. Xianyang B.Yuan C. Chang Jiang D.Guangzhou

A. Xianyang

Which of these was vital for defending people during the Middle Ages? A. a centralized government B. dragon-shaped long boats C. a code of chivalry D.allegiance with the Roman Catholic Church

A. a centralized government

Who were the ephors? A. a group of five Spartan men who oversaw the education of the youth and all citizens' conduct B. Laconian and Messenian captives who served as the Spartans' serfs C. rulers who used force to take control D.foot soldiers who marched into battle in the phalanx formation

A. a group of five Spartan men who oversaw the education of the youth and all citizens' conduct

In the third century, plague outbreaks led to A. a labor shortage. B. an invasion by the Sassanid Persians. C. important medical breakthroughs. D.new methods of farming.

A. a labor shortage.

Who were the Huns? A. a tribe that defeated the Roman army at Adrianople in 378 B. German soldiers who had been recruited into the Roman army C. a tribe of nomads from Asia who pushed the Visigoths into Roman territory D. Germanic forces that invaded and sacked Rome in 455

A. a tribe that defeated the Roman army at Adrianople in 378

The Assyrian communication system was so efficient that a governor could send a message anywhere within the empire and receive a response within A. a week. B.three days. C. a month. D.two weeks.

A. a week.

What advantage did Rome's location on the Tiber River provide? A. access to the sea B.contact with pirates C. large plots of land D.fertile plains

A. access to the sea

After the Arabs conquered large parts of India in the eighth century A.D., they A. adopted the Indian numeric system. B. translated the major literary works of India. C. helped the Kushāns develop a calendar based on the sun and moon. D.built rock chambers similar to those built by the Indians.

A. adopted the Indian numeric system.

As the Arab Empire expanded, Christians and Jews in the conquered territories were A. allowed to practice their religions. B. enslaved. C. executed. D.given all the same rights and privileges as Muslims.

A. allowed to practice their religions.

In Athenian society, women A. always had a male guardian. B. commonly worked outside the home. C. were banned from taking part in religious festivals. D.were not allowed to learn to read.

A. always had a male guardian.

Men who join a religious order are called monks and live in monasteries; women who join a religious order A. are also called monks and also live in monasteries. B. are called nuns and live in convents. C. are called abbesses and live in abbeys. D.must live at home, because there are no religious houses for women.

A. are also called monks and also live in monasteries.

Siddhārtha Gautama believed it was important for people to A. be responsible for their own lives. B. accept the Hindu gods. C. follow the traditional teachings of the Brahmins. D.accept the divisions of human beings into rigidly defined castes.

A. be responsible for their own lives.

A person's caste in Indian society was determined by A. birth. B.education. C. achievement. D.personality characteristics.

A. birth.

Named after the walled cities, they lived in, these people were merchants and artisans. A. bourgeoisie B.patricians C. serfs D.carrucas

A. bourgeoisie

Pastoral nomads often passed on new technology, such as the use of bronze and iron, by A. carrying products between civilized centers. B. inventing the alphabet. C. following regular migratory routes to provide food for their animals. D.charting new routes in the Atlantic Ocean.

A. carrying products between civilized centers.

Women in the Middle Ages A. could legally own property. B. were educated and held equal status to men. C. played no major role in medieval society. D.were only important as the object of a knight's devotion.

A. could legally own property.

Islamic law stated that slaves A. could not be Muslims. B. could not be owned by Muslims. C. could not purchase their own freedom. D.could not serve in the army.

A. could not be Muslims.

The popes' behavior during the Great Schism caused people like John Wyclif and John Hus to A. criticize the popes for their corruption and abuse of power. B. found new monastic orders. C. swear their allegiance to the popes who lived in Avignon, France. D.attempt to reconcile Christian teachings with the ideas of the Greek philosophers.

A. criticize the popes for their corruption and abuse of power.

Egypt's golden age of stability and a period of expansion occurred A. during the Old Kingdom. B. between the Old Kingdom and the Middle Kingdom. C. during the Middle Kingdom. D.during the New Kingdom.

A. during the Old Kingdom.

Along with pictographs and ideographs, the Chinese A. eventually attached phonetic meaning to some of their symbols. B. adopted the Greek alphabet. C. were the first to invent the symbol for zero. D.adopted Sanskrit from the Indus Valley peoples.

A. eventually attached phonetic meaning to some of their symbols.

What did Confucius think should be opened to all men of talent? A. government service B.military leadership C. land ownership D.spiritual guidance

A. government service

What did Egypt supply to Arab traders? A. grain B.linens C. silk and porcelain D.spices

A. grain

Trade with other lands affected the Minoans by A. helping them to improve the design and techniques of the goods they produced. B. carrying disease from other cultures and spreading it to their own culture. C. helping them design and build a complex labyrinth. D.giving them a strategic advantage to invade other countries.

A. helping them to improve the design and techniques of the goods they produced.

Many faithful Church followers felt that the harsh methods of the Inquisition were justified in order to save the souls of A. heretics. B.vassals. C. clerics. D.widows.

A. heretics.

Sargon's power came primarily from A. his military strength. B. his skill for diplomacy. C. his self-designated status as a god. D.his reputation for being cruel and bloodthirsty.

A. his military strength.

What was the chief form of literature in the Han dynasty? A. histories B.poetry C. romances D.religious works

A. histories

Having been conquered by the Hyksos was not all bad for the Egyptians because the Hyksos taught the Egyptians A. how to make bronze weapons and showed them the advantages of horse-drawn war chariots. B. how to farm the fertile land in the area. C. how to build roads to connect the parts of the kingdom. D.how to cut large blocks of stone, a skill they would use to build the pyramids

A. how to make bronze weapons and showed them the advantages of horse-drawn war chariots.

Which of the following developed because most Indians could not relate to the idea of Brahman? A. human-like gods B.the atman C. jati D.Sanskrit

A. human-like gods

The lord-vassal relationship A. implied a sense of servitude. B. was between knights who served the king. C. required military service. D.was governed by strict authoritarian rules.

A. implied a sense of servitude.

Which of the following names two problems facing western Europe after the death of Charlemagne? A. invasions from northern peoples and internal division B. disagreements over the roles of women and issues with succession C. invasions from southern peoples and food shortages D.religious divisions and the need to document the laws of feudalism

A. invasions from northern peoples and internal division

Warriors who rode on horseback and served their lords were called A. knights B.Vikings C. chivalry D.vassals

A. knights

Which of the following contributed to Rome's expansion? A. large fertile plains B.contact with pirates C. vast mountain ranges D.Greek architecture

A. large fertile plains

What academic discipline did Roger Bacon consider important to the study of philosophy? A. mathematics B.scholasticism C. literature D.law

A. mathematics

How many Qin emperors followed Qin Shihuangdi? A. none B.one C. two D.five

A. none

According to Confucius, what is the duty of a wife to a husband? A. obedience B.equal partnership C. good advice D.challenge

A. obedience

One of the Four Noble Truths is that A. ordinary life is full of suffering. B. it is impossible to end suffering. C. it is important to satisfy one's desires. D.ultimate reality can be achieved through self-denial.

A. ordinary life is full of suffering.

The Roman Senate was a select group of A. patricians B.consuls C. praetors D.emperors

A. patricians

Egyptian artists and sculptors A. portrayed the human body in profile, semi-profile, and from the front. B. portrayed the human body only in profile. C. were prohibited by religious restrictions from portraying the human body. D.learned how to portray the human body from the Minoans.

A. portrayed the human body in profile, semi-profile, and from the front.

In China sons were expected to A. provide for their own parents. B. put their own needs first in the family. C. help their mothers at home. D.attend local schools.

A. provide for their own parents.

The Aryans developed a writing system called Sanskrit to A. record their religious writings and legends. B. maintain inventories and tax records. C. suppress the Untouchables. D. keep track of the monsoons.

A. record their religious writings and legends.

What does martial mean? A. related to or suited for war B. related to or suited for law enforcement C. related to or suited for overseas trade D.related to or suited for technology

A. related to or suited for war

The revival of trade in the Europe led to A. repopulation of old Roman cities. B. renewed raids by Viking fleets. C. a decrease in economic growth. D.a decrease in rights and freedoms.

A. repopulation of old Roman cities.

The government of Sparta was an oligarchy, which means that it was A. ruled by a small number of people. B. ruled by a tyrant. C. controlled by a popular vote. D.ruled by a king and a vizier.

A. ruled by a small number of people.

In the Persian empire, a system of well-maintained road connected the various provinces, also known as A. satrapies. B.way stations. C. staging posts. D.city-states.

A. satrapies.

Which of the following describes the plebeians? A. social class made up of craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers B. wealthy, powerful landowners who formed the ruling class C. group that was elected each year to run the government and lead the army D.officials in the Roman Republic responsible for enforcing civil law

A. social class made up of craftspeople, merchants, and small farmers

What was the central lesson that the apostle Paul taught about the crucifixion of Jesus? A. that he was the Savior and his death made up for the sins of all humans B. that he was innocent and his execution showed how cruel the Romans were C. that it was unjust and his death was a reason to rebel against the Romans D.that it was painful and his death teaches us the value of suffering

A. that he was the Savior and his death made up for the sins of all humans

Buddhists differ from Hindus in that Buddhists believe A. that human beings differ as a result of karma from a previous existence. B. in the reality of the material world. C. in the multitude of humanlike gods. D.that all human beings can reach nirvana as a result of their behavior in this life.

A. that human beings differ as a result of karma from a previous existence.

The Second Crusade was launched in A. the 1140s. B.1204. C. 1187. D.the 1190s.

A. the 1140s.

To explain his idea of a holy war to the people, Pope Urban II addressed Christians at A. the Council of Clermont. B.the Summa Theologica. C. the Byzantine Empire. D.the Concordat of Worms.

A. the Council of Clermont.

The Greek city-states finally lost their independence when A. the Greeks were defeated by the Macedonians, under the leadership of Philip II. B. Athens fell in the Peloponnesian War and the Spartans tore down the city walls. C. The Persian emperor Xerxes invaded with an army of 180,000 troops and thousands of warships. D.the Spartans gave up their way of life to follow the teachings of Epicurus.

A. the Greeks were defeated by the Macedonians, under the leadership of Philip II.

A four-tiered, massive structure, more than 200 feet high, that towered above palaces and temples along Teotihuacán's main thoroughfare was A. the Pyramid of the Sun. B.a solar observatory. C. Mont Albá D.La Venta.

A. the Pyramid of the Sun.

The Iliad tells the story of A. the actions of the Greek hero Achilles during the Trojan War. B. the arrival of the Indo-European people who settled in Greece. C. the Greek hero Odysseus, and his journey home after the Trojan War. D.various adventures of Mycenaean warriors in battle.

A. the actions of the Greek hero Achilles during the Trojan War.

Rich soil to grow wheat, parley, and peas in the Indus Valley resulted from A. the annual flooding of the Indus River. B. proximity to the Arabian Sea. C. a sophisticated irrigation system. D.importing soil from the Deccan Plateau.

A. the annual flooding of the Indus River.

Until the Investiture Controversy challenged the practice, people usually became Church officials by A. the appointment of the ruler of the country. B. a papal order. C. inheriting the office from their father. D.an election in which all the members of the community vote.

A. the appointment of the ruler of the country.

What was the first degree earned by students attending a university? A. the bachelor of arts. B.a master of theology. C. a doctor of law. D.the master of arts.

A. the bachelor of arts.

Which of the following was a result of the Crusades? A. the breakdown of feudalism. B. the rise of the Byzantine Empire C. the expulsion of the Muslims from the Holy Land D.improved relations with the Jews

A. the breakdown of feudalism.

Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer were A. the chief Hindu Gods. B.writers of the Vedas. C. Untouchables. D.Brahmins.

A. the chief Hindu Gods.

One factor which made it possible for people to settle in the dense jungle along the Ganges River was A. the creation of the iron plow. B. money paid to new farmers. C. slash-and-burn clearing technology. D. a new set of government laws.

A. the creation of the iron plow.

The Crusades helped to pave the way for A. the development of true nation-states in Europe. B. the freeing of the Holy Lands from the infidels. C. the crusading knights' ascent to political power in their homelands. D.increased religious tolerance throughout Europe.

A. the development of true nation-states in Europe.

Augustus changed Roman law, such that A. the emperor had direct control over the provinces. B. plebeians could serve in the senate. C. the army was no longer controlled by the emperor. D.non-Romans could serve as legionnaires.

A. the emperor had direct control over the provinces.

In a Mesopotamian family, who wielded the most power? A. the father B. the mother C. the oldest family member D.it varied from family to family

A. the father

The word Zoroastrianism comes from A. the name of the prophet whose teachings are recorded in the sacred book of the religion. B. the name of the Persians' supreme god and creator. C. the name of the city where the religion first arose. D.the name of the emperor who was in power when the religion arose.

A. the name of the prophet whose teachings are recorded in the sacred book of the religion.

As the First Crusade began, Pope Urban II promised the people that A. the sins of anyone killed on the Crusade would instantly be forgiven. B. those who fought well would be given a title. C. all crusaders would be well paid. D.no one who participated in the Crusade would be killed

A. the sins of anyone killed on the Crusade would instantly be forgiven.

One example of the Assyrians' efficiency and effectiveness as administrators was A. their system of carrying messages quickly, which involved a network of staging posts and relays of horses. B. the speed with which they decided whether to execute prisoners of war C. their tendency to destroy features such as dams and cut down their enemies' fruit trees. D. their willingness to allow different cultures to coexist peacefully in their empire.

A. their system of carrying messages quickly, which involved a network of staging posts and relays of horses.

Ordinary people prayed to saints because A. they believed saints could intervene directly with God in their favor. B. they loved the pictures of saints they saw in their churches. C. they did not wish to approach God himself with their requests. D. the saints had once been regular people, just like them.

A. they believed saints could intervene directly with God in their favor.

What was the purpose of the civil service examination? A. to select new government officials B. to prove loyalty to the emperor C. to select soldiers for the imperial army D.to win prizes

A. to select new government officials

The Hittites were the first Indo-Europeans to A. use iron weapons. B. create a trading empire. C. build a labyrinth similar to that of King Minos. D.believe in one Bod who created the world and everything in it.

A. use iron weapons.

Which of the following was written in the language of everyday speech in a particular region? A. vernacular literature B.biblical literature C. philosophical literature D.the Iliad and the Odyssey

A. vernacular literature

A form of written language A. was present in both Mesopotamia and Egypt. B. was present in Mesopotamia, but not in Egypt. C. was present in Egypt, but not in Mesopotamia. D.was absent in both Mesopotamia and Egypt.

A. was present in both Mesopotamia and Egypt.

The civilizations of Egypt and Mesopotamia A. were polytheistic and had similar economies. B. were located in Africa and were polytheistic in religion. C. had written languages and were landlocked. D.were polytheistic in religion and were located in Asia.

A. were polytheistic and had similar economies.

In Indian society, a person's caste determined A. what type of job a person could have and who the person could marry. B. which god or goddess a person could worship. C. how a person would be reincarnated. D.whether a person would be a Hindu or a Buddhist.

A. what type of job a person could have and who the person could marry.

Which statement best describes the structure of families in early Germanic society? A. The focus was on the nuclear family: mother, father, and children. B. An extended family of husbands, wives, children, brothers, sisters, cousins, and grandparents all lived and worked the land together. C. It was matriarchal, which meant that most important decisions were made by mothers and grandmothers. D. Family life was largely shaped by the principles of Roman Catholicism.

B. An extended family of husbands, wives, children, brothers, sisters, cousins, and grandparents all lived and worked the land together.

Which of the following statements about monasticism is true? A. Monks were not encouraged to do any physical work because it would distract them from prayer. B. Monks provided schools for the young and hospitals for the sick. C. Monks were always solitary hermits who gave up civilization to pursue a spiritual life. D. Monks lived by a strict rule of behavior that was written by Gregory the Great.

B. Monks provided schools for the young and hospitals for the sick.

Why were some of the earliest monks those who went to live as hermits unable to live solitary lives? A. because it was too dangerous to live alone in the wilderness B. because their feats of holiness attracted followers C. because it was often too difficult to live without the comforts of civilization D. because Christianity is a communal religion that should be practiced with others

B. because their feats of holiness attracted followers

The abbot is the __________ of a Benedictine monastery. A. brother B. father C. founder D. disciple

B. father

What was the title of the chief officers in the Frankish kings' household? A. missi dominici B. mayors of the palace C. Carolingians D. archbishops

B. mayors of the palace

Local Christian communities led by a priest were called A. bishoprics. B. parishes. C. Papal States. D. monasteries.

B. parishes.

When the Roman army left Britain, which Germanic tribes moved in and settled there? A. the Ostrogoths and the Visigoths B. the Angles and the Saxons C. the Celts and the Picts D. the Franks and the Vandals

B. the Angles and the Saxons

Charlemagne established the missi dominici, who were _________. A. nuns responsible for the education of future clergymen B. two men sent to local districts to ensure that the counts carried out the king's orders C. ministers in charge of promoting sports in the kingdom D. messengers who carried the king's decrees to all the cities in the kingdom

B. two men sent to local districts to ensure that the counts carried out the king's orders

Which of the following statements describes an important concept in the Christian faith? A. "Be the change you want to see in the world.?=" B. "Love your neighbor as yourself." C. "Make the most of what you have, it is later than you think." D."An oppressive government is more to be feared than a tiger."

B. "Love your neighbor as yourself."

Which of the following happened at Thermopylae? A. An outnumbered Greek fleet defeated the Persian fleet. B. A Greek force of 7,000 held off the Persian army of 180,000 for two days. C. The Athenians built a fleet of 200 ships. D.An outnumbered Athenian army attacked and decisively defeated the Egyptians.

B. A Greek force of 7,000 held off the Persian army of 180,000 for two days.

How did Hellenistic sculpture differ from sculpture of the classical era? A. Artists concentrated on depicting scenes of Alexander's life. B. Artists began to try to create more emotional and realistic art. C. Artists spent more of their time seeking the support of wealthy patrons and thus demonstrated less skill in their work. D.During this era, there was little interest in sculpture, so artists turned to other forms.

B. Artists began to try to create more emotional and realistic art.

The Romans persecuted Christian during the reign of Nero because A. the Romans were intolerant of any religion. B. Christians refused to worship the state gods and emperors. C. Christians started a fire that destroyed much of Rome. D. Nero converted to Christianity.

B. Christians refused to worship the state gods and emperors.

After 650 B. C., which group migrated south from Etruria and came to Rome? A. Greeks B. Etruscans C. Gauls D. Carthaginians

B. Etruscans

Which of the following statements about Liu Pang is true? A. He was born into an aristocratic family, which helped him become emperor. B. He was born a peasant, but became emperor. C. He overthrew the Qin dynasty and became emperor. D.He was emperor Han Gaozu's chief rival for ruler of China.

B. He was born a peasant, but became emperor.

According to archeologists, why did Qin Shihuangdi create the terra-cotta figures? A. He was a great patron of the arts. B. He was creating an army to protect him in the afterlife. C. He was trying to frighten away his political rivals. D.He wanted to symbolize how he had unified many individual Chinese states into one empire.

B. He was creating an army to protect him in the afterlife.

Which of the following questions did the philosophy of Confucius seek to answer? A. What is the meaning of human existence? B. How do we restore order to this society? C. What is the highest purpose in life? D.Is it better to be loved or feared?

B. How do we restore order to this society?

In 31 B.C., at the Battle of Actium in Greece, A. Rome was driven back by the Macedonian army. B. Octavian destroyed Antony and Cleopatra's army. C. Cleopatra was captured by Octavian's forces. D.The Punic Wars were finally ended.

B. Octavian destroyed Antony and Cleopatra's army.

Egyptian history is divided into three major periods, known as A. Upper, Lower, and Middle Kingdoms. B. Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms. C. Early, Middle, and Last Kingdoms. D. Old, Middle, and Oldest Kingdoms.

B. Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms.

During the Umayyad dynasty, what effect did the expansion of the empire have on Arab culture? A. The influence of North African art changed the architecture of Islamic temples. B. People of the Arab Empire were influenced by Byzantine and Persian cultures. C. Persian culture, including painting, sculpture, and poetry, was almost totally destroyed. D. Religious art and architecture in the Byzantine Empire were replaced by Islamic art and architecture.

B. People of the Arab Empire were influenced by Byzantine and Persian cultures.

What technological advance helped to bring the Dark Age to an end? A. The Greeks began to sail across the Aegean to settle in different lands. B. The Greeks began to make weapons and farming tools out of iron. C. The Greeks learned to build beehive shaped tombs in which to bury their kings. D.The epic poetry form was devised, which helped the Greeks to pass their leisure time.

B. The Greeks began to make weapons and farming tools out of iron.

Which of these describes the relationship between a lord and knight? A. The lord grants land, and the knight defends it. B. The lord provides food, and the knight protects the lord. C. The knight protects peasants, and the lord farms the land. D.The lord gives land, and the knight pays rent.

B. The lord provides food, and the knight protects the lord.

According to the Code of Hammurabi, how should a son be punished if he hits his father? A. His father should hit him back. B. The son's hand should be cut off. C. The son should be sent into exile. D.The son should perform community service.

B. The son's hand should be cut off.

Which of the following statements most closely describes the attitude of the Jewish people of Judaea toward Roman rule? A. They wanted to be more like the Romans. B. There were differing opinions about Roman rule. C. Most Jews wanted to violently overthrow Roman rule. D.They all believed that God would save them from the Romans.

B. There were differing opinions about Roman rule.

Who were the Vandals? A. a Persian tribe that invaded the eastern part of the empire B. a Germanic tribe that sacked the city of Constantinople in 455 C. a Roman group that tried to overthrow the emperor D.a Germanic tribe that sacked the city of Rome in 455

B. a Germanic tribe that sacked the city of Constantinople in 455

During the Fourth Crusade, the armies got distracted from their spiritual goals and began A. a fight for control of the city of Venice. B. a fight for control of the Byzantine Empire. C. to push farther into Asia Minor. D.to sack the city of Antioch.

B. a fight for control of the Byzantine Empire.

Feudalism could be used to describe all of the following EXCEPT A. an economic system based on the exploitation of peasants by nobles. B. a school of philosophy that preached the equality of all human beings. C. a social system that bound free men together through mutual obligations. D.a political system based on shared and segmented power and authority.

B. a school of philosophy that preached the equality of all human beings.

The Code of Hammurabi paints a portrait of a society in which A. people can do pretty much whatever they want to. B. almost anything that can go wrong is addressed by one law or another. C. it is easy to avoid being robbed because one can recognize thieves by their missing hands D.the citizens live in fear of being punished.

B. almost anything that can go wrong is addressed by one law or another.

In 1974 farmers digging a well about 35 miles east of Xian discovered A. a water mill. B. an army of terra-cotta warriors. C. the ruins of a Xiongnu temple. D. the lost city of Beijing.

B. an army of terra-cotta warriors.

Why was it so dark inside the churches of the early Middle Ages? A. because the builders wanted to create a solemn atmosphere B. because there were few windows C. because artificial lighting methods had not yet been invented D.because the stained glass windows blocked a lot of the light

B. because there were few windows

Harun al-Rashid, the Abbasid caliph, was known for his A. brutal oppression of non-Arab Muslims. B. charity and support of artists and writers. C. disregard for the problems of citizens who lived in poverty. D.suppression of trade between the Islamic world and Europe.

B. charity and support of artists and writers.

A knight defended the Church and defenseless people. This was the idea of A. feudal contract B. chivalry C. common law D. vassalage

B. chivalry

Unlike other religions of the time, political leaders in Israel A. were believed to be directly descended from God, and therefore almost gods. B. could not claim they alone knew the will of God, because the Jewish teachings were written down for anyone to read. C. were the sole authority on religious matters. D.were required to burn the sacred texts after they read them.

B. could not claim they alone knew the will of God, because the Jewish teachings were written down for anyone to read.

Hindus believe that a person's actions in this life A. are not important in reaching ultimate reality. B. determine how the person will be reborn in the next life. C. lie outside the individual's power of control. D.are predicted in the Bhagavad Gita.

B. determine how the person will be reborn in the next life.

Hammurabi is now most remembered for A. leading his well-trained army into battle. B. developing the set of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi. C. being "the sun of Babylon, the king who made the four quarters of the world obedient." D. the beautiful temples and palaces he had built in Babylon.

B. developing the set of laws known as the Code of Hammurabi.

Religion provided the Egyptians with a sense of security, and Egyptian rulers were viewed as A. manifestations of the land god. B. earthly forms of the sun god Re. C. disruptions in the universal cosmic order. D.the sole gods to be worshipped in Egyptian society.

B. earthly forms of the sun god Re.

In ancient China, the family was important because A. Chinese society was matriarchal. B. farming required the work of many people. C. many priests were needed to make oracle bones. D.the Chinese were very religious.

B. farming required the work of many people.

Hieratic script, a simplified version of Egyptian hieroglyphic writing, was used A. by peasants who were too uneducated to read hieroglyphs. B. for business transactions, record keeping, and the general needs of daily life. C. by the blind, as a type of Braille. D.only by the nobles, as a way of communicating with the gods.

B. for business transactions, record keeping, and the general needs of daily life.

Pope Urban II saw the Byzantine emperor's request for help fighting the Seljuk Turks as a chance A. to explore the lands to the east. B. free the Holy Lands from the control of infidels. C. establish himself as a great warrior. D. invade the Byzantine empire.

B. free the Holy Lands from the control of infidels.

In addition to iron goods, the major exports of Kush were A. small carvings made of stone. B. gold, ivory, ebony, and slaves. C. jewelry, silver lamps, and other luxury goods. D.dried fruits and spices.

B. gold, ivory, ebony, and slaves.

The new Greek military system, based on the use of hoplites, involved A. nobles on horseback doing most of the fighting. B. heavily armed foot soldiers who marched into battle in tight formations, carrying large shields to protect them from the enemy. C. forcing slaves to do all the fighting necessary in a war. D. hiring large numbers of professional soldiers to fight in battles.

B. heavily armed foot soldiers who marched into battle in tight formations, carrying large shields to protect them from the enemy.

Perfected by Arab scientists, the astrolabe A. allowed doctors to perform delicate surgery. B. helped sailors determine where they were. C. increased the amount of grain farmers could grow. D. proved that the earth is round.

B. helped sailors determine where they were.

Trade with other lands affected the Minoans by A. carrying disease from other cultures and spreading it to their own culture. B. helping them to improve the design and techniques of the goods they produced. C. giving them a strategic advantage to invade other countries. D.helping them design and build a complex labyrinth (maze).

B. helping them to improve the design and techniques of the goods they produced.

Feudalism arose in response to A. misplaced loyalties to kings B. internal division and external threats C. the weakening power of the Church D.a need for a more chivalrous society

B. internal division and external threats

To help control his large empire, the Akkadian emperor Sargon A. traveled constantly, visiting every part of his empire several times a year. B. made the former rulers of the city-states he conquered into governors. C. executed the rulers of the city-states he conquered in order to intimidate his new subjects. D.made the soldiers who had proved bravest in battle the governors of the city-states he conquered.

B. made the former rulers of the city-states he conquered into governors.

Many people thought the popes should live in Rome because A. the facilities for housing a pope were better in Rome. B. part of a pope's job was to serve as the bishop of Rome. C. the Roman people had special need of the pope's presence. D. they felt that living in Rome would cause the popes to scale back their extravagant lifestyles.

B. part of a pope's job was to serve as the bishop of Rome.

The introduction of large stained-glass windows into the walls of churches was made possible by builders' development of A. cross-shaped floor plans. B. ribbed vaults and flying buttresses. C. barrel vaults and massive pillars. D.flat wooden roofs.

B. ribbed vaults and flying buttresses.

Siddhārtha Gautama left his wife and family because he wanted to A. accumulate vast quantities of wealth. B. seek a cure for human suffering and find the meaning of life. C. have multiple wives and fathers a multitude of children. D. occupy the throne of India and become his country's greatest ruler.

B. seek a cure for human suffering and find the meaning of life.

Medieval cities were often A. clean, small, and well defended. B. smelly, polluted, and cramped. C. under-populated, smelly, and prosperous. D.large, well planned, and crowded.

B. smelly, polluted, and cramped.

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempted to help the landless poor by A. providing them with free grain imported from Egypt. B. taking back land from large landowners. C. allowing them to join the Roman army. D. giving them work on large farms owned by the wealthy.

B. taking back land from large landowners.

What did Paul mean when he said "Here there is no Greek or Jew ...barbarian, Scythian, slave or free, but Christ is all and is in all"? A. that Greeks, Jews, and the other groups he listed would never believe in Christian teachings B. that all people are spiritually equal in Christianity, regardless of nationality, class, or race C. that only Greeks, Jews, and Scythians could become Christians D.that people had to be well-traveled to become a Christian

B. that all people are spiritually equal in Christianity, regardless of nationality, class, or race

An important concept that became a crucial part of Chinese history was A. the view that art, poetry, and literature were important to soldiers. B. the Confucian belief that the government should be open to all men of superior talent. C. the belief that the Great Wall would protect China from all enemies. D.the Shaolin view that one must be able to do combat mentally as well as physically.

B. the Confucian belief that the government should be open to all men of superior talent.

When the emperor Darius conquered Thrace, A. the Greeks immediately surrendered and became part of the empire too. B. the Persian empire became the largest the world had yet known. C. he put all the members of the ruling family of Thrace to death. D.he built a luxurious palace and lived there in splendor.

B. the Persian empire became the largest the world had yet known.

Lords granted rights and freedoms to artisans and merchants in towns because A. they did not want the people to revolt B. the lords made money from the sale of rights. C. the lords wanted the people to have more freedoms. D.cities that had rights were better able to defend themselves.

B. the lords made money from the sale of rights.

Who supported the efforts of the Greek tyrants to control the city-states? A. the women B. those who had used their skills in trade and industry to become wealthy C. the aristocracy D.the helots

B. those who had used their skills in trade and industry to become wealthy

Saint Thomas Aquinas argued that A. Aristotle's ideas were identical to those of the Church. B. truths cannot conflict, whether they are determined through rational methods or by faith. C. only Christians could determine what is inherently good or evil. D.the Greek philosophers' arguments were incorrect.

B. truths cannot conflict, whether they are determined through rational methods or by faith.

The main goal of scholasticism was to A. study religion and God. B. try to reconcile Christian teachings and the works of ancient philosophers. C. reform all the sciences. D. determine what is inherently good or evil.

B. try to reconcile Christian teachings and the works of ancient philosophers.

Aśoka, the greatest ruler in Indian history, A. defeated the forces of Alexander the Great. B. used Buddhist ideals to guide his rule. C. was also a scientist and mathematician. D.drove out foreign forces and established the capital of the New Mauryan Empire at Pataliputra.

B. used Buddhist ideals to guide his rule.

During the Middle Kingdom, a pharaoh A. was seen as a god-king far removed from his people. B. was expected to build public works and provide for the public welfare. C. was no longer the shepherd of his people. D. lost power during a period of political disorder.

B. was expected to build public works and provide for the public welfare.

At its height, the Assyrian empire was ruled by kings A. who spent most of their resources building magnificent temples and monuments to themselves. B. who claimed absolute power over their subjects. C. who only wanted to make comfortable lives for themselves. D.who sent and received lots of messages.

B. who claimed absolute power over their subjects.

What does the world Gospel mean? A. "the law" B."good news" C. "promise" D."salvation"

B."good news"

What city did Alexander establish as the capital of Egypt? A. Athens B.Alexandria C. Gaugamela D.Cairo

B.Alexandria

Which pharaoh was ruling when the New Kingdom reached the height of its power? A. Ahmose I B.Amenhotep III C. Thutmosis I D.Hatshepsut

B.Amenhotep III

The Investiture Controversy involved debate over whether the secular authorities (emperors and kings) or papal authorities (the Church) held the power to appoint individuals to which of these kinds of position. A. Heads of banks B.Bishops C. Parish priests D.Emperors

B.Bishops

The golden age of Indian culture occurred under the A. Mauryan Empire. B.Gupta Empire. C. Kushān Empire. D.Aryan Empire.

B.Gupta Empire.

The king of the Chaldeans who rebuilt Babylon was A. Cyrus. B.Nebuchadnezzar C. Darius. II.D.Ahuramazda.

B.Nebuchadnezzar

A culture which thrived in South America before the Inca gained power was the A. Maya. B.Olmec. C. Zapotec. D.Chavin.

B.Olmec.

The earliest known people to farm along riverbanks on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico south of Veracruz were the A. Zapotec. B.Olmec. C. Aztec. D.Chavin.

B.Olmec.

After almost 300 years of domination, Czar Ivan III freed Russia from the control of the A. Mongols. B.Orthodox Church. C. Slavs. D.Ottoman Empire.

B.Orthodox Church.

Around 900 b.c., the Chavin people built a temple surrounded by two pyramids and stone figures depicting different gods in the coastal regions of what is now A. Central America. B.Peru and Ecuador. C. Mexico. D.Brazil.

B.Peru and Ecuador.

The king who engineered the election of a Frenchman, Clement V, as pope was A. Gregory IX. B.Philip IV. C. Henry V. D.Louis XI.

B.Philip IV.

The Investiture Controversy was a power struggle between King Henry IV of Germany and A. Dominic de Guzmán. B.Pope Gregory VII. C. Francis of Assisi. D.Pope Innocent III.

B.Pope Gregory VII.

In the third century, the Roman Empire was invaded in the west by Germanic tribes and in the east by __________. A. Huns B.Sassanid Persians C. Visigoths D.Vandals

B.Sassanid Persians

Invasions by the ___ in the 1200s B. C. marked the beginning of the end of the New Kingdom. A. Hittites B.Sea Peoples C. Hyksos D.Persians

B.Sea Peoples

A city, located in a fertile valley in Mesoamerica, that was famous for its obsidian tools, which were shipped to Central America and southwestern North America, was A. Harappa. B.Teotihuacán. C. Caral. D.La Venta.

B.Teotihuacán.

Monte Alban, which contains temples and pyramids on a 1,200-foot-high mountain, was the center of the A. Olmec civilization. B.Zapotec civilization. C. Inca civilization. D.Chavin civilization.

B.Zapotec civilization.

It was believed that the king was the link between Heaven and Earth during the A. Qin dynasty. B.Zhou dynasty. C. Xia dynasty. D.Shang dynasty.

B.Zhou dynasty.

Saint Bernard of Clairvaux believed that a monk should be A. meek and mild. B.a "soldier of Christ." C. "God's vicar on earth." D.a good family man.

B.a "soldier of Christ."

The central meeting place in a polis was usually a hill called A. a phalanx. B.an acropolis. C. an agora. D.a helot.

B.an acropolis.

The term for a large political unit or state, usually under a single leader, controlling many peoples or territories is A. a city-state. B.an empire. C. the Code of Hammurabi. D.a satrapy.

B.an empire.

When Athens was an oligarchy, who were the people who served at its rulers? A. soldiers B.aristocrats C. elected officials D.elders

B.aristocrats

Which of these names an important invention of the Middle Ages? A. manor B.carruca C. bourgeoisie D.guild

B.carruca

The system that allows people to invest in trade and goods for profit is A. a trade association B.commercial capitalism C. a money economy D.the manorial system

B.commercial capitalism

What is the name for a grant of land given to a vassal? A. vassalage B.fief C. feudal contract D.chivalry

B.fief

Joan of Arc brought the Hundred Years' War to a decisive turning point by A. spying on the English armies. B.inspiring the French with her faith. C. fleeing to the English. D.leading the English army at Orleáns.

B.inspiring the French with her faith.

According to the Eightfold Path, right view requires Buddhists to A. read the Bhagavad Gita. B.know the Four Noble Truths. C. meditate. D.do uplifting work.

B.know the Four Noble Truths.

The Phoenicians produced a number of goods for foreign markets, including purple dye, glass, and A. pottery. B.lumber. C. silver jewelry. D.ivory figurines.

B.lumber.

According to Siddhārtha Gautama, a person can reach enlightenment through A. asceticism. B.meditation. C. prayer to the gods. D.worshipping an idol of the Buddha.

B.meditation.

In Egyptian society, merchants, artisans, scribes, and tax collectors were members of the A. upper class. B.middle class. C. lower class. D.same social level as farmers.

B.middle class.

During the Shang dynasty, the king ruled from Anyang, the capital city, and the territories were governed by A. artisans. B.military leaders. C. priests. D.merchants.

B.military leaders.

What is another word that means the same thing as "ethical"? A. political B.moral C. controversial D.prosperous

B.moral

Greek history was influenced by Greece's A. rivers and deltas. B.mountains and seacoast. C. deserts and plains. D.glaciers and forests.

B.mountains and seacoast.

Following the Hundred Years' War, many of the states weakened by the fighting began to recover, and historians sometimes call these reestablished governments A. hereditary diseases. B.new monarchies. C. Papal States. D.democracies.

B.new monarchies.

Olmec cities such as San Lorenzo had pyramids and other stone monuments and were centers for A. military training. B.religious rituals. C. metal working industries. D.learning centers.

B.religious rituals.

The Legalists believed that rulers should be A. compassionate B.strong. C. educated. D.dutiful.

B.strong.

Structures built in the form of burial mounds to house a relic of the Buddha were called A. stelae. B.stupas. C. Vedas. D.rock pyramids.

B.stupas.

From whom did the Kushāns adapt the alphabet? A. the Persians B.the Greeks C. the Mauryans D.the Guptas

B.the Greeks

What was the basic social unit for economics and education in the Han dynasty? A. the army B.the family C. school D.villages

B.the family

The phenomenon characterized by colder temperatures and a long period of torrential rains during the early fourteenth century is known as A. the Great Famine. B.the little ice age. C. the Black Death. D.the Great Schism.

B.the little ice age.

The territory of Greece was about the size of A. Italy. B.the state of Louisiana. C. the Peloponnesian peninsula. D.Egypt.

B.the state of Louisiana.

The Egyptian pyramids were A. royal palaces. B.tombs for pharaohs. C. temples of worship. D.storehouses for crops.

B.tombs for pharaohs.

Athenians produced ______, both for local use and export. A. iron weapons and farm tools B.wine and olive oil C. grain D.gold jewelry

B.wine and olive oil

Which of the following is another title for the pope? A. Bishop of Antioch B. Bishop of Jerusalem C. Bishop of Rome D. Bishop of Alexandria

C. Bishop of Rome

Which Frankish king defeated the Muslims in 732 at the Battle of Tours? A. Pepin B. Clovis C. Charles Martel D. Charlemagne

C. Charles Martel

Who was the first Germanic leader to convert to Christianity? A. Constantine B. Charlemagne C. Clovis D. Charles Martel

C. Clovis

What is the principle behind the ordeal? A. The person accused of a crime should suffer the same amount of pain that their crime caused their victim. B. If a person accused of a crime faced severe physical pain, they would not commit crimes in the future. C. If a person accused of a crime survived a physical trial unharmed, he or she was declared innocent. D. The person accused of a crime was expelled from the community and must prove his or her repentence.

C. If a person accused of a crime survived a physical trial unharmed, he or she was declared innocent.

Why are popes considered to be successors of Peter? A. Peter was the best-liked of all the apostles, and popes are traditionally chosen by popular vote. B. The word "pope" comes from the Latin papa, which means "Peter." C. Peter was the first Bishop of Rome, and all popes are also Bishops of Rome. D. According to church tradition, Jesus gave Peter the keys to the kingdom of heaven, and the pope is "key" to church government.

C. Peter was the first Bishop of Rome, and all popes are also Bishops of Rome.

What happened to the Roman structure of government when the Ostrogoths and the Visigoths took over Roman territories in Italy and Spain? A. They replaced it with a German style of government. B. They kept the Roman structure of government, even allowing Roman former officials to keep their jobs. C. They kept the Roman structure of government but excluded Romans from holding power. D. They gave all power to the Roman Catholic Church and let it run the government.

C. They kept the Roman structure of government but excluded Romans from holding power.

In what ways were monks and nuns the social workers of their communities? A. Monasteries were centers of learning. B. They took vows of poverty. C. They provided schools, hospitals, and centers of hospitality for travelers. D. They were very kind people.

C. They provided schools, hospitals, and centers of hospitality for travelers.

The Carolingian Renaissance was____________. A. an artistic movement B. the promotion of religion in the Germanic kingdoms C. a revival of learning and culture D. another name for Charlemagne's household staff

C. a revival of learning and culture

What is a scriptorium? A. a holy book B. a classical Latin text C. a writing room D. a writing implement

C. a writing room

The center of monastic life was ___________, or the "work of God." A. manual labor B. service C. prayer D. teaching

C. prayer

What followed the death of Han Wudi? A. civil war B.the reign of Han Solo C. 150 years of peace D.economic collapse

C. 150 years of peace

The center for philosophy during the Hellenistic era was A. Rhodes. B.Syracuse. C. Athens. D.Alexandria.

C. Athens.

Hindus strive to leave behind the cycle of earthly life and achieve unity with a form of ultimate reality called A. Vishnu. B.Krishna. C. Brahman. D.Shiva.

C. Brahman.

A city that appeared around 2500 b.c. in the Supe River valley of Peru, in which stone buildings were used for official business, as apartment buildings, and as grand residences, was A. Harappa. B.Teotihuacán. C. Caral. D.Monte Albán.

C. Caral.

Why were Viking raiders such a threat after the death of Charlemagne? A. The ruler of the west Frankish lands gave land to the Vikings, establishing them in Europe. B. The lords and knights were unable to challenge the Viking raiders. C. Charlemagne's sons did not have the military expertise necessary to win against the invaders. D.After Charlemagne's death, the Carolingian Empire was divided into three sections.

C. Charlemagne's sons did not have the military expertise necessary to win against the invaders.

Why is the period between 1100 B.C. and 750 B.C. called the Dark Age? A. During this time, there was an astronomical phenomenon that caused the days to be shorter. B. Little is known of what happened during this time because few records have survived. C. During this time, much of Greece was embroiled in violent civil wars. D.It is not known why the era is called the Dark Age.

C. During this time, much of Greece was embroiled in violent civil wars.

Most of the warriors who first joined the Crusades came from A. England. B.Germany. C. France. D.Italy.

C. France.

By the fifth century, the western part of the Roman Empire was controlled mainly by A. Hus. B.Sassanid Persians. C. Germans. D.the Roman military.

C. Germans.

The knight who refused to be called king of Jerusalem, saying only God deserved the title, was named A. Bernard of Clairvaux. B.Frederick Barbarossa. C. Godfrey de Bouillon. D.Saladin.

C. Godfrey de Bouillon.

Religion and political power were closely linked in early Indian civilization, as is indicated by the combination of the royal palace and the holy temple in the citadel, or fortress, at A. Mohenjo-Daro. B. Calcutta. C. Harappa. D. the Deccan Plateau.

C. Harappa.

What change did Diocletian make to the governmental structure of the Roman Empire? A. He moved the seat of government to a "New Rome" in the eastern part of the empire. B. He deposed Romulus Augustulus and made himself emperor. C. He divided the empire into four units, called prefectures. D.He changed the state religion to Christianity.

C. He divided the empire into four units, called prefectures.

Why did Alexander the Great bring together the Macedonian and Greek armies? A. He wanted the Greeks to teach the Macedonians their military tactics. B. He did not trust the Greek soldiers and wanted to keep an eye on them, so he brought them with him as he traveled C. He needed more men because he wanted to expand his empire by invading the Persian empire. D.He planned to use the Greek forces as expendable men to send in to especially dangerous battles, so that fewer Macedonian soldiers were killed.

C. He needed more men because he wanted to expand his empire by invading the Persian empire.

Which of the following statements about Confucius is true? A. His philosophy was immediately popular. B. He believed that one should work in harmony with nature. C. He was unable to find a patron. D.His teachings were only important for his era.

C. He was unable to find a patron.

What brought Alexander's empire-building campaign to an end? A. He defeated the Persians decisively at Gaugamela. B. He was defeated by the Egyptians. C. His soldiers refused to travel any farther. D.Alexander died of thirst while crossing the desert.

C. His soldiers refused to travel any farther.

What key lesson of Indian society does the Bhagavad Gita contain? A. A wife's supreme duty is loyalty to her husband. B. Separation from one's spouse is painful. C. In taking action, one must not worry about success or failure. D.A ruler must be wary of assassination plots.

C. In taking action, one must not worry about success or failure.

What is the importance of the Phoenician alphabet? A. It had capital letters. B. It could be read backwards. C. It became the basis for the Greek and, later, the Roman alphabet. D. It was the first alphabet to use words.

C. It became the basis for the Greek and, later, the Roman alphabet.

What happened to the population of China during the Han dynasty? A. It shrank dramatically. B. It grew slowly. C. It increased rapidly. D.It stayed about the same as it had before the Han.

C. It increased rapidly.

What was Confucius' opinion of the early Zhou dynasty? A. It was far worse than the time in which he lived. B. It was no different than the time in which he lived. C. It was a golden age, far better than the time he lived. D.He had no opinion of the Zhou dynasty.

C. It was a golden age, far better than the time he lived.

. After the collapse of the Mauryan Empire, the people who spread over northern India as far as the central Ganges Valley into modern-day Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Central Asia were the A. Arabs. B.Guptas. C. Kushāns. D.Persians.

C. Kushāns.

Why do scholars believe that the Mycenaeans developed a wide commercial network? A. Plaques on the walls of the kings' beehive-shaped tombs praise the Mycenaeans' skill as traders. B. Wall murals have been found that show Mycenaean traders at work. C. Mycenaean pottery has been found throughout the Mediterranean area. D.The poet Homer wrote of their success as merchants.

C. Mycenaean pottery has been found throughout the Mediterranean area.

Before the independent state of Kush was established around 1000 B.C., the area was called A. Africa. B.Meroë. C. Nubia D.Canaan

C. Nubia

How many of Qin Shihuangdi's walls still remain? A. There are hundreds of miles of them. B. None of his walls still stand. C. Only a few of his walls remain. D.They are what we know as the Great Wall of China.

C. Only a few of his walls remain.

As the popes' power grew, they established control of areas in central Italy that came to be known as A. nation-states. B.investitures. C. Papal States. D.monasteries.

C. Papal States.

In 539 B. C., Babylon fell to the A. Chaldeans. C. Persians. B.Hittites. D.Kushites.

C. Persians.

Churches built in the early part of the Middle Ages were constructed in the A. basilica style. B.Gothic style. C. Romanesque style. D.classical style.

C. Romanesque style.

After the defeat of Antony, A. the senate was removed from power and all senators were arrested. B. Cleopatra was named queen of both Egypt and the Roman Empire. C. Rome became an empire with Augustus as emperor. D.Octavian successfully restored the Roman Republic.

C. Rome became an empire with Augustus as emperor.

After the end of the Third Punic War, A. Hannibal marched across the Alps with 46,000 men. B. Macedonia became a province of Carthage. C. Rome controlled the whole of the Mediterranean. D.Carthage burned Rome and sold its people into slavery.

C. Rome controlled the whole of the Mediterranean.

What was one effect of the Etruscan influence? A. The Etruscans borrowed Roman styles of dress. B. Romans began to reject outside cultural influences. C. Rome was transformed from a village into a city. D.Romans were brutally repressed for centuries.

C. Rome was transformed from a village into a city.

From where did the Vikings come? A. the Frankish lands B.the Middle Kingdom C. Scandinavia D.the Seine River

C. Scandinavia

The Chinese had developed a simple script with a form that was mainly pictographic and ideographic by the time of the A. Xia dynasty. B.Qin dynasty. C. Shang dynasty. D.Zhou dynasty.

C. Shang dynasty.

What was one effect of Marius's new recruitment strategy? A. The senate was permanently weakened. B. The republic was restored. C. Sulla seized power in Rome. D.The First Triumvirate came to power.

C. Sulla seized power in Rome.

What divided the Muslim Empire in 973? A. The breakdown of trade among the Arab territories. B. The capture of Baghdad by a Turkish leader. C. The establishment of a new dynasty in Egypt. D.The shortage of qualified Arabs for key military positions.

C. The establishment of a new dynasty in Egypt.

Why is it not surprising that the Greeks became seafarers? A. The poet Homer praised the skills of seamen in his influential writings. B. They learned to build ships from the Egyptians. C. The territory occupied by the Greeks included many small islands as well as 8,500 miles of coastland. D.They took to the sea so that they would not have to cross the mountains in Greece.

C. The territory occupied by the Greeks included many small islands as well as 8,500 miles of coastland.

In The Canterbury Tales, what activity are all the storytellers doing together? A. They are merchants who have met to do business. B. They are going off on a crusade to fight for their king. C. They are going on a pilgrimage to a holy site. D.They are gathering in a tavern to enjoy themselves.

C. They are going on a pilgrimage to a holy site.

How did the Athenians react to the laws enacted by their leader Draco? A. They selected him to be their king for the rest of his life. B. They rushed to claim that their enemies owed them money, so the enemies would be made into slaves as punishment. C. They gave full power to Solon, who canceled debts and freed those who had been enslaved for owing money under Draco. D.They rioted and drove Draco out of the polis.

C. They gave full power to Solon, who canceled debts and freed those who had been enslaved for owing money under Draco.

What did the Cistercians do with the time they gained by shortening their religious services? A. They devoted several hours a day to begging for food. B. They crafted beautiful ornaments to decorate their churches. C. They prayed privately, performed manual labor, and reached out to people in the community. D.They trained to join the army and march off to battle.

C. They prayed privately, performed manual labor, and reached out to people in the community.

What special fighting skill did the Xiongnu have that made them a threat? A. They were good at using the bow and arrow. B. They were loosely organized into tribes, so they were hard to attack as a group C. They were masters of horseback riding. D. They were very good at climbing walls.

C. They were masters of horseback riding.

The lowest varna in Indian society comprised of peasants or servants is the A. Kshatriyas. B.Sudras. C. Untouchables. D.Vaisyas.

C. Untouchables.

The social group in Indian society comprised of commoners who are merchants and farmers is called the A. Brahmins. B.Kshatriyas. C. Vaisyas. D.Sudras.

C. Vaisyas.

The ___ were a group of Jews who called for the violent overthrow of Roman rule. A. Pharisees B.Essenes C. Zealots D.Sadducees

C. Zealots

Which of the following religions that originated in Persia was practiced in the Kushān Empire? A. Hinduism B. Buddhism C. Zoroastrianism D. Islam

C. Zoroastrianism

Harappan rulers based their power on A. a strong military. B.a generous distribution of wealth. C. a belief in divine assistance D.a democratic system of government.

C. a belief in divine assistance

The Great Schism began in 1378, when A. King Philip tried to capture Boniface VIII and bring him to trial. B. France declared war against Italy. C. a group of French cardinals who opposed the election of an Italian pope elected a second pope. D.the popes decided to live in Avignon rather than Rome.

C. a group of French cardinals who opposed the election of an Italian pope elected a second pope.

The word spartan has come to mean A. highly self-disciplined. B.oligarchical. C. a lover of luxury. D.democratic.

C. a lover of luxury.

What kind of government did the Roman Empire have under the Severan rulers? A. a democracy, with an elected senate and president B. a tetrarchy, in which the empire was divided into four parts C. a military government D.an agricultural collective

C. a military government

Egyptian society, with the god-king at the top, was organized like A. the Nile River. B.Upper and Lower Egypt. C. a pyramid. D.hieroglyphic script.

C. a pyramid.

Along with a calendar and a numeric system, another characteristic of the Olmec civilization was A. an advanced sewer system. B.a solar observatory. C. a series of colossal stone heads. D.a series of floating gardens.

C. a series of colossal stone heads.

What literary work produced during the Han period became required reading for generations of Chinese schoolchildren? A. a complete history of the Qin dynasty B. The Tao Te Ching C. a set of Confucian classics compiled by the Confucian school D.a mathematics textbook

C. a set of Confucian classics compiled by the Confucian school

At its height, the Akkadian empire included A. lands as far east as India. B. all of the lands between the Persian Gulf and the Red Sea. C. all of Mesopotamia and lands westward to the Mediterranean. D.all the Sumerian city-states and the territory south into Babylon.

C. all of Mesopotamia and lands westward to the Mediterranean.

Egyptian advances in mathematics A. resulted from the emergence of Sanskrit. B. allowed them to build dams to control the flow of the Nile. C. allowed them to build massive monuments and survey flooded land. D.depended on the Phoenicians.

C. allowed them to build massive monuments and survey flooded land.

The Mandate of Heaven A. prevented the overthrow of a corrupt ruler. B. declared that the king was divine. C. became a basic principle of Chinese government. D.disregarded the Dao, the key to proper behavior under Confucianism.

C. became a basic principle of Chinese government.

Both Hindus and Buddhists A. accept women as the equals of men. B. worship a multitude of gods. C. believe in reincarnation. D.accept the system of rigidly defined castes.

C. believe in reincarnation.

How did people regulate quality of goods, determine how many people could enter a trade, and set prices? A. by petitioning the lords for rights B. by electing patricians to public office C. by forming craft guilds D.by supporting a money economy

C. by forming craft guilds

The cities of Harappa and Mohenjo Daro show evidence of A. extreme poverty. B. political corruption. C. careful planning. D. a system of banking.

C. careful planning.

The Apennine Mountains A. split Rome into many small villages. B. kept Rome from interacting with the Etruscans. C. did not prevent expansion of the city. D.protected Rome from the Greeks.

C. did not prevent expansion of the city.

According to Homer, a man win arête by A. fighting in the Trojan War. B. memorizing all of Homer's works. C. engaging in a struggle or contest to protect his family and preserve his honor. D.embarking on a long sea voyage.

C. engaging in a struggle or contest to protect his family and preserve his honor.

What role did serfs have in the feudal system? A. gave homage and military service B. provided protection and food C. farmed the land and paid rent D.gave fief and military aid

C. farmed the land and paid rent

The basis of the Harappan economy was A. shell currency. B.artisan crafts. C. farming. D.metallurgy.

C. farming.

India has a variety of geographic regions, including mountain ranges, river valleys, a dry interior plateau, and A. a dry northern plain. B.enormous icecaps. C. fertile coastal plains. D.vast deserts.

C. fertile coastal plains.

The Black Death was brought to Europe in 1347 by A. merchant ships traveling from the Black Sea to Sicily. B. soldiers returning home from the Crusades. C. flea-infested rats that swam across the Mediterranean. D.chronic malnourishment caused by the Great Famine.

C. flea-infested rats that swam across the Mediterranean.

The Legalists believed that laws should be A. based on tradition. B.just and reasonable. C. harsh and impersonal. D.concerned with duty.

C. harsh and impersonal.

The chanson de geste form is also known as A. the Proslogion. B.Romanesque C. heroic epic. D.troubadour poetry

C. heroic epic.

During the Dark Ages, some Greeks settled A. in Crete. B.on the Indian subcontinent. C. in Ionia, part of Asia Minor. D.in Mycenae.

C. in Ionia, part of Asia Minor.

Many historians think that the Minoan civilization was A. conquered by Rome. B. an invention of Homer's story telling. C. invaded and destroyed by Mycenaeans. D.weakened by an epidemic.

C. invaded and destroyed by Mycenaeans.

The reforms of Cleisthenes A. supported the tyrants. B.allowed women to rule. C. laid the foundations of democracy. D.freed all slaves in Athens.

C. laid the foundations of democracy.

The Twelve Tables were A. where the Roman senate met. B.Rome's first system of law. C. laws written for non-Romans., D.the twelve orders of Roman people.

C. laws written for non-Romans.,

The Greeks spread their culture throughout the ancient world by A. inviting foreign rulers to visit the major city-states. B. declaring war against all the other major civilizations of the time. C. leaving their homeland to establish distant colonies with good prospects in farming and trading. D. sending groups of philosophers abroad to teach the people they met about Greek culture.

C. leaving their homeland to establish distant colonies with good prospects in farming and trading.

Romans associated the Law of Nations with A. the Etruscans and Greeks. B. the patrician class. C. natural, or universal law. D. the Punic Wars.

C. natural, or universal law.

Henry VII of England won the support of his nobles by A. fighting valiantly in the Wars of the Roses. B. supporting the nobles in their struggles against the pope. C. not burdening the nobles with too many taxes. D.imposing an annual direct tax, or taille.

C. not burdening the nobles with too many taxes.

According to the Eightfold Path, right action requires followers of Buddhism A. to pray six times daily. B. to revere the cow as a sacred animal. C. not to kill, steal, lie, be unchaste, or consume alcohol or drugs. D. not to look upon women as inferior.

C. not to kill, steal, lie, be unchaste, or consume alcohol or drugs.

Most Muslim men had A. four wives because the Quran required it. B. only one wife because the Quran restricted men to one spouse. C. only one wife because they had to pay a dowry for each wife. D.two or three wives because the Quran allowed it.

C. only one wife because they had to pay a dowry for each wife.

To protect the government from politicians with harmful intentions, the Athenians devised the policy of A. direct democracy. B.tyranny. C. ostracism. D.Pericles.

C. ostracism.

What most seriously weakened the Athenians during the Peloponnesian War? A. the death of Pericles in 429 B.C. and the failure of later leaders to fulfill his role B. the defection of the Athenian slaves to the Spartan side of the war C. plague in the overcrowded city and the defeat of their navy at Aegospotami D.Athenian women's failure to give birth to enough sons to carry on the war

C. plague in the overcrowded city and the defeat of their navy at Aegospotami

The words from the Bhagavad Gita, "Worn out garments are shed by the body/Worn out bodies are shed by the dweller within the body [the soul]," express the Hindu idea of A. dharma. B. karma. C. reincarnation. D. varna.

C. reincarnation.

The tyrants of ancient Greece were A. all oppressive and wicked. B. supporters of the aristocrats. C. rulers who seized power by force. D.wanted to establish a democratic government.

C. rulers who seized power by force.

The chief aim of _____________ was to harmonize Christian teachings with the works of the Greek philosophers. A. Francis of Assisi B.the chanson de geste C. scholasticism D.theology

C. scholasticism

Which of these would directly serve both lords and kings? A. knights B.peasants C. serfs D.vassals

C. serfs

The pharaoh Hatshepsut first gained power by A. inheriting the throne when her husband died. B. assassinating the previous ruler and declaring herself pharaoh. C. serving as regent for her stepson, Thutmosis III. D.proving that the gods had chosen her to rule.

C. serving as regent for her stepson, Thutmosis III.

During his reign, Aśoka A. cut down trees along roads to make travel easier. B. sponsored Hindu missionaries to Persia, Greece, and China. C. set up hospitals for people, as well as for animals. D.prohibited trade with China and the Mediterranean.

C. set up hospitals for people, as well as for animals.

The extensive trade carried on by the Arabs utilized A. horse-drawn wagons B. mule carts C. ships and camel caravans D.wagons pulled by oxen

C. ships and camel caravans

In the Eightfold Path, right speech insists that Buddhists A. end their worldly desires. B. use their minds to control the senses. C. speak the truth and speak well of others. D.spend a portion of their lives teaching others about the Eightfold Path.

C. speak the truth and speak well of others.

This 240-foot-long monument guards the Great Pyramid at Giza. A. the Colossus of Rhodes B.the Kaaba Stone C. the Great Sphinx D.the Taj Mahal

C. the Great Sphinx

What was the most famous feature of the city of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar II made it the center of his empire/ A. the library B.a 70-foot-tall statue of the emperor C. the Hanging Gardens D.Nebuchadnezzar's palace

C. the Hanging Gardens

One of the sites discovered and excavated by the German archeologist Heinrich Schliemann was A. Mycenae. B.Mount Olympus. C. the Isthmus of Corinth. D.Minoan Crete.

C. the Isthmus of Corinth.

Two important rivers necessary for food production in ancient China were the Yellow River and A. the Tigris. B.the Ganges. C. the Yangtze. D.the Indus.

C. the Yangtze.

Who was Romulus Augustulus? A. the emperor who made Christianity the official religion of the Roman Empire B. the emperor who divided the empire into four prefectures C. the emperor deposed in 476 D. the emperor who restored order after a long period of civil war

C. the emperor deposed in 476

What does the name Quin Shihuangdi mean? A. heart of a tiger B. old master C. the first Qin emperor D. bird of prey

C. the first Qin emperor

The phrase "an eye for an eye" sums up a concept known as A. divide and conquer. B.the Code of Hammurabi. C. the principle of retaliation. D.a tooth for a tooth.

C. the principle of retaliation.

The Third Crusade began in response to A. the urging of Pope Innocent III. B. the German emperor Frederick Barbarossa's desire to prove his bravery. C. the seizure of Jerusalem by Muslim forces led by Saladin. D.the invasion of the Byzantine Empire by the Ottoman Turks.

C. the seizure of Jerusalem by Muslim forces led by Saladin.

The Zoroastrians believe that A. Ahuramazda is an embodiment of the god of the sun disk, Aten. B. it is possible to achieve paradise before the last judgment, if a person performs exceptionally good deeds. C. the supreme god, Ahuramazda, is a good spirit who is opposed by an evil spirit, Ahriman. D.the world was created by Ahriman, but now Ahuramazda controls it.

C. the supreme god, Ahuramazda, is a good spirit who is opposed by an evil spirit, Ahriman.

What theory did Aristarchus develop? A. the theory that the sun revolved around the earth B. the idea that to find happiness one must lead a rigorously pious life C. the theory that the earth revolved around the sun D. the idea that the earth was round

C. the theory that the earth revolved around the sun

The most highly regarded field of study during the Middle Ages was A. vernacular literature. B.medicine. C. theology. D.law.

C. theology.

How was one initiated into the Christian community? A. by donating a lot of money to the church B. through a painful initiation ceremony C. through a purification by water D.by sacrificing a small animal

C. through a purification by water

What was Jesus' mission as he traveled and preached in Judaea and Galilee? A. to free the Jewish people from Roman rule B. to create a new religion, separate from Judaism C. to provide the salvation that God had promised to Israel throughout its history D.to encourage the Jewish people to cooperate with the Romans

C. to provide the salvation that God had promised to Israel throughout its history

At the turn of the 5th century B.C., Greek city-colonies in Asia Minor A. welcomed the Persians. B. conquered Spartan invaders. C. united to defeat the Persian invaders. D.ransacked Athens.

C. united to defeat the Persian invaders.

In Egyptian society, members of the lower class A. had their bodies mummified when they died. B. could become priests and priestesses. C. were forced to provide military service and labor for building projects. D.could become administrative officials.

C. were forced to provide military service and labor for building projects.

The social and political reforms of Diocletian and Constantine ___. A. led to a new golden age for the Roman Empire B. kept the empire from being invaded by Germanic tribes C. were only temporarily successful D.were a complete disaster

C. were only temporarily successful

Which of the following statements about wergild is true? A. It means "war guilt" and it was imposed on anyone who committed a crime against the state. B. It was a punishment for any crime, but especially murder. C. It means "money for a man" and was the money a woman's family had to pay to the parents of the man she married. D. It means "money for a man" and was to be paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she injured.

D. It means "money for a man" and was to be paid by a wrongdoer to the family of the person he or she injured.

People sent out to carry a religious message in hopes of converting them are called A. abbesses. B. nuns. C. bishops. D. missionaries.

D. missionaries.

What was the most important social institution in Germanic custom? A. the state B. the village C. the parish D. the family

D. the family

The chief instrument that Gregory the Great used to convert non-Christian Germanic people was A. political power B. the pipe organ C. military might D. the monastic movement

D. the monastic movement

Why is the Greeks' adoption of the Phoenician alphabet considered a cultural innovation? A. It made it possible for Greeks to read the works of Homer, who wrote using the Phoenician alphabet. B. The alphabet was only known to the upper classes, so it ensured that works of literature were reserved for those who would provide money to the writers. C. Using the alphabet allowed the Greeks to communicate more easily with the Phoenicians. D. By reducing all words to combinations of 24 letters, the alphabet made it easier to learn to read and write.

D. By reducing all words to combinations of 24 letters, the alphabet made it easier to learn to read and write.

How was the Persian emperor Cyrus different from the Assyrian emperors? A. He was even more ruthless than the Assyrians. B. He did not care whether his empire ran efficiently. C. He was known to be cruel when he got angry. D. He had a reputation for being merciful and respectful to other civilizations.

D. He had a reputation for being merciful and respectful to other civilizations.

Under Umayyad rule, Arab and Berber forces captured and made most of _________ into a Muslim state. A. England B. France C. Greece D. Spain

D. Spain

The people known as the Israelites were A. important sea traders who established many colonies. B. inventors of an alphabet of 22 characters representing sounds. C. a major factor in the politics of the Indus Valley. D. a distinct group, organized in tribes, who established a united kingdom.

D. a distinct group, organized in tribes, who established a united kingdom.

An arabesque is A. a covered marketplace. B. an Islamic temple. C. a person who calls the Muslim faithful to prayer. D. a repeating geometric pattern.

D. a repeating geometric pattern.

What is terra-cotta? A. a type of steel B. an early form of paper C. heat treated wood D. hardened clay

D. hardened clay

The central principle of Daoism is A. action. B. duty. C. education. D. inaction.

D. inaction.

As a result of the Athenian defeat in the Peloponnesian War, A. all Athenians adopted the Spartan way of life B. the Spartans set out to conquer Macedonia C. the new Greek power of Thebes became the leader of the large and thriving empire D. the age of classical Greek culture came to an end

D. the age of classical Greek culture came to an end

Which of the following elements of the Qin dynasty did the Han dynasty retain? A. cruel and unusual punishments B. the manufacture of terra-cotta soldiers C. rule by Daoist principles D. the three ministries of the central government

D. the three ministries of the central government

The Brahmins, Kshatriyas, Vaisyas, and Sudras were four divisions of ancient Indian society known as A. yoga. B. kharma. C. dharma. D. varnas.

D. varnas.

Thomas Aquinas would disagree that A. both reason and faith can reveal truths. B. using pure reason can reveal a truth about the physical world. C. . it is important to cite opposing opinions along with one's own. D.. truths can conflict with one another

D.. truths can conflict with one another

Who was the hero that Alexander strove to imitate? A. Odysseus, hero of Homer's Odyssey B. a philosopher-king from Plato's Republic C. the title hero of Oedipus Rex D.Achilles, hero of Homer's Iliad

D.Achilles, hero of Homer's Iliad

Why did scholars try to reconcile Christian teachings and Greek philosophy? A. They worried that the Greeks' ideas were more correct than the Christian teachings. B. They hoped to discredit the Greeks by proving that their arguments were false. C. They wanted to prove that the ancient Greeks were Christians. D.Ancient Greek scholars, with their emphasis on reason, were deeply respected.

D.Ancient Greek scholars, with their emphasis on reason, were deeply respected.

According to many historians, a major shift in India's culture between 1500 B.C. and 1000 B.C. was the result of A. Phoenician migration. C. Egyptian migration. B.Chinese migration. D.Aryan migration.

D.Aryan migration.

Why did free peasants suffer during the Han dynasty? A. They did not have access to the same technologies that the tenant farmers did. B. The economy was very bad and there was no market for the crops they grew. C. The taxes set by the emperor were far too high. D.As the population grew, the average size of a farm plot became too small to support a family.

D.As the population grew, the average size of a farm plot became too small to support a family.

Hammurabi established a capital for his empire at A. Akkad. B.Axum. C. Nineveh. D.Babylon.

D.Babylon.

Which South American city contained stone buildings for official business, apartment buildings, and grand residences and was the oldest city in the Americas? A. La Venta B.San Lorenzo C. Teotihuacán D.Caral

D.Caral

What structure emerged in the early Christian Church? A. All members of the church shared responsibility equally. B. The church was led by the laity, who told the bishops what to do. C. No particular structure emerged until several centuries had passed. D.Christian communities were led by clergy who had distinct functions separate from the regular church members.

D.Christian communities were led by clergy who had distinct functions separate from the regular church members.

What did the Edict of Milan Proclaim A. Christianity was the new state religion of the Roman Empire. B. Christianity became the state religion of Rome. C. Christians were traitors to the Roman state D.Christianity would be officially tolerated.

D.Christianity would be officially tolerated.

Although the English did not win the Hundred Years' War, they achieved dramatic victories in the battles at A. Gascony and Orléans. B.Avignon and Paris. C. Normandy and Aquitaine. D.Crécy and Agincourt.

D.Crécy and Agincourt.

The pharaoh Akhenaten believed that A. practicing the right religion was key to defeating the Egyptian's challengers, the Hittites. B. the god Aten would defeat all the old gods, thus proving his superiority C. Egyptians should tolerate many gods. D.Egyptians should worship only one god, Aten.

D.Egyptians should worship only one god, Aten.

Indo-European languages include Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit, German, and A. Turkish. B.Chinese. C. Arabic. D.English.

D.English.

Why did Diocletian divide the Roman Empire into four prefectures? A. Four is considered to be a lucky number in Roman culture. B. He believed the empire had grown to large for a single ruler. C. He did not want to much authority or responsibility. D.He believed that it would help solve the empire's inflation problem.

D.He believed that it would help solve the empire's inflation problem.

Spain's two strongest kingdoms, Castile and Aragon, were united when A. the Seljuk Turks invaded Spain. B. the Jews were expelled. C. Czar Ivan III came to power in Russia. D.Isabella married Ferdinand.

D.Isabella married Ferdinand.

Why was crop rotation important to agriculture in the Middle Ages? A. It reduced the amount of tribute that peasants had to pay to the lord. B. It allowed peasants to include new crops in with the ones they traditionally planted. C. It enabled the lord to make better use of the peasants who worked for him. D.It let the land rest and regain its fertility.

D.It let the land rest and regain its fertility.

Because Rome was built where the Tiber River was narrow A. animals and plants were scarce in the city's early history. B. very little traffic passed through Rome. C. the city was rarely flooded during the rainy season. D.It was a natural place for travelers to cross.

D.It was a natural place for travelers to cross.

Why was vernacular literature popular with so many people? A. It told romantic stories about knights and beautiful ladies. B. It helped people understand the ideas of the ancient Greek philosophers. C. It told exciting tales of battles and fantastical creatures. D.It was written in the language they spoke every day.

D.It was written in the language they spoke every day.

The city that both Muslims and Christians most wanted to control was A. Venice. B.Constantinople. C. Rome. D.Jerusalem.

D.Jerusalem.

Upper and Lower Egypt were united into a single kingdom by A. the Hyksos. B.Khufu. C. Hatshepsut. D.Menes.

D.Menes.

Two major groups that settled within Greece itself were the A. Aeolians and Dorians. B.Agamemnons and Homers. C. Mycenaeans and Minoans. D.Spartans and the Trojans.

D.Spartans and the Trojans.

How were the Abbasids different from the Umayyads in their view of the ideal citizens of the Islamic world? A. The Abbasids believed that scientists were the ideal citizens, while the Umayyads valued artists the most. B. The Abbasids felt that military leaders were more important than religious leaders, while the Umayyads felt that everyone was equally important. C. The Abbasids valued religious leaders much more than the Umayyads did. D.The Abbasids viewed merchants, judges, and government officials as ideal citizens, while the Umayyads viewed warriors as ideal citizens.

D.The Abbasids viewed merchants, judges, and government officials as ideal citizens, while the Umayyads viewed warriors as ideal citizens.

An example of the vernacular literature of the Middle Ages is A. . the Proslogion by Anselm of Canterbury. B. Aristotle's Summa Theologica. C. . Roger Bacon's Opus Majus. D.The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer.

D.The Canterbury Tales by Geoffrey Chaucer.

During the New Kingdom, the Egyptian Empire reached its peak. What was one way it showed its power? A. The pharaohs sent messengers out to proclaim their achievements throughout the empire. B. Egyptian armies made a point of looting and destroying their enemies' homes and villages. C. The pharaohs built a vast library to celebrate their wisdom and intellectual achievements. D.The pharaohs constructed huge, magnificent temples and statues in their own honor.

D.The pharaohs constructed huge, magnificent temples and statues in their own honor.

Why did the Legalists advocate harsh laws and stiff punishments for keeping public order? A. That was the best way to ensure that "superior men" would rise to the top. B. Those were the only laws that could be administered fairly C. They wanted strong laws so that the ruler would be free to show compassion. D.They believed people were not capable of being good

D.They believed people were not capable of being good

What did the people of Sparta do when they wanted to expand their city-state? A. They invited members of the neighboring lands of Laconia and Messenia to become Spartan citizens. B. They explored nearby unsettled territories and created Spartan colonies. C. They made an alliance with the city-state of Athens. D.They conquered the neighboring colonies of Laconia and Messenia.

D.They conquered the neighboring colonies of Laconia and Messenia.

Why did most jobs become hereditary during the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine? A. During this time, families returned to traditional values, like the tradition that children should work in the same professions as their parents. B. Jobs had always been hereditary in the Roman Empire. C. There were so few jobs the only way to secure a job was through family contacts. D.To ensure the tax base and cope with a labor shortage, the emperors issued edicts that forced workers to stay in their jobs.

D.To ensure the tax base and cope with a labor shortage, the emperors issued edicts that forced workers to stay in their jobs.

Early Indian writings that reveal that India was a world of many small kingdoms between 1500 b.c. and 400 b.c. are called the A. citadel. B.monsoon. C. suttee. D.Vedas.

D.Vedas.

The conflicts between nobles in England who sought to control the monarchy are known as the A. Thirty Years' War. B.Hundred Years' War. C. War of the Spanish Succession. D.Wars of the Roses.

D.Wars of the Roses.

Public wells for supplying water to city residents, an advanced drainage system, and a system of garbage disposal in Indus Valley cities are indications of A. intense competition among tribes. B. an organized government. C. a strong warrior tradition. D.a change from a nomadic lifestyle to farming.

D.a change from a nomadic lifestyle to farming.

Some Christians thought the Crusades were a mistake because the knights ought to A. seize political control from the popes. B. make peace with the Muslims. C. be ready to defend their homelands from attacks. D.be fighting the Jews instead.

D.be fighting the Jews instead.

Unlike other religious leaders of the time, Jewish religious leaders A. were required to burn the sacred texts after they read them. B. were believed to be directly descended from God, and therefore almost gods themselves. C. often adopted other religions. D.could not claim they alone knew the will of God, since the Jewish teachings were written down for anyone to read.

D.could not claim they alone knew the will of God, since the Jewish teachings were written down for anyone to read.

The last major Crusade ended when its leader, King Louis IX, A. returned home to France. B. was defeated by Sultan Baybars of Egypt. C. overcame the Muslims and seized Jerusalem. D.died of the plague.

D.died of the plague.

According to one story, a young Spartan warrior was told by his mother to return from the war A. with many wounds. B. before he turned twenty. C. in order to serve on the council of elders. D.either carrying his shield or being carried on it.

D.either carrying his shield or being carried on it.

By the end of the First Crusade, the Europeans had managed to A. convert the Muslims to Christianity. B. cause the Muslims to retreat to Egypt. C. assume control of the Holy Land. D.establish four Latin crusader states.

D.establish four Latin crusader states.

King Philip of France challenged the pope's supremacy because A. he wanted a divorce from his wife, but the pope would not allow it. B. he did not like Pope Boniface VIII. C. he wanted to be the head of the Church. D.he wanted to be able to collect taxes from the clergy.

D.he wanted to be able to collect taxes from the clergy.

Which of the following was a consequence of the plague? A. more rent income for landlords B. strengthening of the institution of serfdom C. increase in the number of workers D.higher wages for laborers

D.higher wages for laborers

The prophet Zoroaster taught that A. the sun god Aten was the supreme god. B. the spirits of Ahuramazda and Ahriman were allies. C. all people would attain paradise at the Last Judgment. D.humans had free choice.

D.humans had free choice.

Constantine established a "New Rome" at the site of the Greek city of Byzantium because A. it had a good climate for farming. B. it already had palaces and a large amphitheater. C. it was where he had been born. D.it was a strategic location for protecting the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire.

D.it was a strategic location for protecting the eastern frontier of the Roman Empire.

What was the job of the Censorate? A. keeping the incense burners in the royal palace full and lit B. finding and burning any books that presented ideas that challenged the emperor C. making sure the people were loyal D.making sure government officials were doing their jobs

D.making sure government officials were doing their jobs

Four types of yoga which Hindus practice to achieve spiritual union are the path of knowledge, the path of love, the path of work, and the path of A. dharma. B.jati. C. reincarnation. D.meditation.

D.meditation.

How long is a li? A. twelve yards B.forty feet C. half a mile D.one-third of a mile

D.one-third of a mile

A society in which men hold the greatest control in both private and political spheres is known as a A. matriarchy. B.monarchy. C. dynasty. D.patriarchy.

D.patriarchy.

In a medieval city which class generally were the only ones to hold public office? A. master craftsmen B.merchants C. bourgeoisie D.patricians

D.patricians

The two orders of Roman society were known as the A. senate and the council of the plebs. B. Etruscans and Greeks, C. consuls and praetors. D.plebeians and patricians.

D.plebeians and patricians.

The Mycenaean civilization was ruled by A. members of the military. B.philosophers. C. tyrants. D.powerful monarchies.

D.powerful monarchies.

The Mycenaean civilization was ruled by A. members of the military. C. tyrants. B.philosophers. D.powerful monarchies.

D.powerful monarchies.

At the height of their prosperity, the Kushites buried their kings in A. lavish temples. B.cemeteries. C. boats sent up the Nile River. D.pyramids.

D.pyramids.

The Bubonic plague was spread by A. an overall drop in temperatures known as a "little ice age." B. poisoned water from the unsanitary town wells. C. the Great Famine. D.rats infested with fleas carrying the bacterium.

D.rats infested with fleas carrying the bacterium.

According to the compromise reached in the Concordat of Worms, a German bishop A. had to travel to the German city of Worms to receive his appointment. B. could be appointed by the king, but bishops from other kingdoms could not. C. could be nominated by the king, but the pope could refuse to appoint him. D.received symbols of his earthly office from the king and symbols of his spiritual office from the pope's representative.

D.received symbols of his earthly office from the king and symbols of his spiritual office from the pope's representative.

Gupta rulers earned large profits from A. agriculture. B.fishing. C. literary works. D.religious trade.

D.religious trade.

By 800, most of Europe's population was A. knights B.peasants C. lords D.serfs

D.serfs

Cyrus was called "the Great" because he A. showed no mercy to enemies. B.had no respect for other cultures. C. was a large man. D.showed wisdom and compassion.

D.showed wisdom and compassion.

According to the Quran, women were A. spiritually and socially below men. B. spiritually and socially equal to men. C. spiritually below men but socially equal to men. D.spiritually equal but socially below men.

D.spiritually equal but socially below men.

The conflict between the plebeians and patricians was known as the A. Law of Nations. B.Second Punic War. C. First Roman Civil War. D.struggle of orders.

D.struggle of orders.

Siddhārtha Gautama came to be known as A. the wealthiest man in India. B.a brave warrior. C. the founder of asceticism. D.the "Enlightened One."

D.the "Enlightened One."

Which of the following Indian civilizations emerged as a classical civilization of lasting value? A. the Aryans B.the Mauryans C. the Kushans D.the Guptas

D.the Guptas

The Middle Kingdom ended when A. the boy pharaoh Tutankhamen died. B. the Egyptians learned to use bronze to make tools. C. Pharaoh Ahmose I expelled the Hyksos from Egypt. D.the Hyksos invaded Egypt.

D.the Hyksos invaded Egypt.

A basic principle of Chinese government, which allows a revolution to overthrow and replace a corrupt ruler, is called A. the ideograph. B.ancestor worship. C. filial piety. D.the Mandate of Heaven.

D.the Mandate of Heaven.

Located between influential cultures, the Kushān Empire was shaped by contact with China, Persia, and A. Egypt. B.Japan. C. East Africa. D.the Roman Empire.

D.the Roman Empire.

To whom did Marius's landless military recruits swear an oath? A. Rome B.the republic C. the empire D.the general

D.the general

The Egyptians developed an accurate 365-day calendar by basing their year on A. the pharaoh's worship of the sun god. B. old Sumerian calculations of weather. C. information found in Egyptian pyramids D.the movements of the moon and the star Sirius.

D.the movements of the moon and the star Sirius.

The teachings of Homer promoted A. the Phoenician alphabet. B. agriculture and trade. C. sailing and warfare. D.the values of courage, honor, and excellence.

D.the values of courage, honor, and excellence.

Muslim soldiers were highly motivated to fight because A. the amount they were paid was based on the courage they displayed in battle. B. the families of fallen soldiers were guaranteed to receive food and shelter for the rest of their lives. C. the wealth of the people they conquered was distributed evenly among the victorious Arab soldiers. D.they believed they were assured a place in paradise if they died for Islam in battle.

D.they believed they were assured a place in paradise if they died for Islam in battle.

What was the mission of the Delian League? A. to fight crime in Athens B. to bring direct democracy to all Greek city-states C. to defeat the Spartans D.to liberate all Greek States that remained under Persian control

D.to liberate all Greek States that remained under Persian control

According to Aristotle, to whom did a citizen of a polis belong? A. to the adult male in the family B.to himself C. to the king D.to the state

D.to the state

When an Assyrian army approached an enemy city, it would most likely A. try to use guerrilla warfare against the citizens. B. charge the city gates using horse-drawn chariots and iron spears. C. send a delegation of men into the city to try to negotiate a peaceful surrender. D.use battering rams and siege towers to destroy the walls surrounding the city.

D.use battering rams and siege towers to destroy the walls surrounding the city.

As caliph, General Mu' awiyah became known for A. being a weak commander of the army. B. brutally oppressing the citizens of the Arab Empire. C. never using force against opponents. D.using force only when absolutely necessary.

D.using force only when absolutely necessary.

The religion of Judaism differed from most of the other religions of the time in that it A. was polytheistic, with its followers believing in many gods, whereas other religions were monotheistic, involving a belief in one God. B. did not provide laws by which the people were to live their daily lives. C. had no sacred texts or books. D.was monotheistic, with its followers believing in one God, whereas other religions were polytheistic, involving a belief in many gods.

D.was monotheistic, with its followers believing in one God, whereas other religions were polytheistic, involving a belief in many gods.

Pictographs and ideographs A. came from Greece to China via trade routes. B. were methods used in rice production. C. were used by priests along with oracle bones to predict the future. D.were part of the ancient Chinese written language.

D.were part of the ancient Chinese written language.