Animal A&P - Chapter 1

Distal

Away form the body (extremity).

Lateral

Away from the medial plane.

Dorsal Body Cavity

Contains the central nervous system. The brain and spinal cord.

Palmar

"Back" of the forelimb distal to carpus.

Plantar

"Back" of the hindlimb distal to tarsus.

Dorsal

"front" of forelimb and hindlimb distal to carpus and tarsus.

4 Basic Body Tissues

1. Epithelial Tissue 2. Connective Tissue 3. Muscle Tissue 4. Nervous Tissue

Homeostasis

The maintenance of a dynamic equilibrium in the body. A "balance".

Ventral Body Caviity

The space in the body that is divided by the thin, sheetlike diaphragm muscle in the cranial thoracic cavity and tthe caudal abdominal cavity.

Dorsal

Toward the back.

Ventral

Toward the belly.

Proximal

Toward the body (extremity).

Deep (Internal)

Toward the center (whole body or part).

Cranial

Toward the head end of the body.

Medial

Toward the medial plane.

Superficial (External)

Toward the surface (whole body or part).

Caudal

Toward the tail end of the body.

Rostral

Toward the tip of the nose (head only).

Macroscopic Anatomy

aka Gross Anatomy; the study of body parts large enough to be seen without magnification, such as lung, leg, or brain.

Anatomincal Planes of Reference

1. Sagittal Plane 2. Median Plane aka Midsagittal Plane 3. Transverse Plane 4. Dorsal Plane

Sagittal Plane

A plane that runs the length of the body and divides it into left and right parts that are not necessarily equal halves.

Regional Anatomy

A method of studying anatomy that examines all the component structures that make up each region of the body.

Systemic Anatomy

A method of studying anatomy that examines each system of the body as a seperate topic.

Transverse Plane

A plane across the body that divides it into cranial (head-end) and caudal (tail-end) parts that are not necessarily equal.

Dorsal Plane

A plane at right angles to the sagittal and transverse planes. It divides the body into dorsal (toward the back) and ventral (toward the belly) parts that are not necessarily equal.

Median Plane aka Midsagittal Plane

A special kind of sagittal plane that runs down the center of the body lengthwise and divides it into equal left and right halves.

Microscopic Anatomy

The study of anatomical parts too small to be seen with the unaided eye, such as cells and tissues.

Anatomy

The study of the form and structure of an animal body and its parts.Through anatomy, we can describe where things are located in or on the animal body and what they look like.

Physiology

The study of the functions of the animal body and its parts. Through physiology, we can describe how parts of the body work and what their functions are.