ANS 190 Final
Extra-label use of medications is common in the sheep industry and it is okay for producers to determine dosages for medications without consulting a veterinarian. True or False?
False
Gloves can be a substitute for hand washing. True or False?
False
If a bird is securely supported and restrained, they tend to struggle a lot. True or False?
False
If a steer has been worked with by an adult, a child should have no problem working with the steer. True or False?
False
Iowa has the largest broiler hatchery by volume in the United States. True or False?
False
It does not matter if the flooring used in the training area does not allow for the cattle to have traction. True or False?
False
It is legal to sell downer cows for food consumption. True or False?
False
It is okay to carry poultry by one foot, as long as it is secure. True or False?
False
Statistics and science is the best way to connect with consumers. True or False?
False
The tamer that an animal is the larger the flight zone. True or False?
False
Touch N' Talk is a quick process and after one session the calf is done. True or False?
False
Turkeys and chickens have the same flight zones. True or False?
False
When doing stressful procedures, such as castration and dehorning in cattle, it is best to have these done when the animals are about a year old. True or False?
False
When first working with a calf, the first place you walk up to and touch is the head. True or False?
False
When returning the second day to work with the calves, you are able to walk up to the calf at a fast pace and easily touch him right away. True or False?
False
When taking birds in and out of a cage, it is best to move them tail end first. True or False?
False
When threated, sheep will run from the flock. True or False?
False
With the advancements in science and technology, a perfect housing system for poultry has been developed. True or False?
False
It is important to give the calf space on the lead rope, but not more than 2-2.5 feet. True or False?
True
Marshall likes to tie the halter up using a slip knot in case the calf gets into a compromising position. A slip knot can be easily released. True or False?
True
Most biosecurity interventions on farms are expensive. True or False?
True
PRRS, the disease that has historically had the largest impact on the swine industry, can be stopped by proper biosecurity. True or False?
True
Showering in and putting on clean outerwear prevents transmission in ALL cases. True or False?
True
Significant considerations have been made (scientifically and socially) in choosing ethical methods of euthanasia. True or False?
True
Stocking density or loading density is the number of animals that are kept on a given unit of area. True or False?
True
Talking quietly and consistently allows the animal to know where you are at all times. True or False?
True
Use a brush or comb when first working with calves using the Touch N' Talk method. True or False?
True
Wearing disposable boots help contain disease by creating a line of separation. True or False?
True
When moving a group of animals, you should always clean right after the group leaves, and clean again before moving another group of animals in. True or False?
True
When moving a group of pigs, a rule of thumb is that these groups need to be small enough so that the handling can always maintain control of the lead pig. True or False?
True
When placing a halter on a dairy heifer, the lead strap should be on the right side as you face the heifer from the front. True or False?
True
When we treat a compromised animal, we will use a multi-modal approach. This may include monitoring, drugs, equipment, and/or different ways to give feed and water. True or False?
True
Zoonotic disease can be transmitted from animal to human. True or False?
True
What are two indicators of calf discomfort (besides swishing of the tail)?
Wide eyes, urination and defecation
Is it important for farms to have management plans and standard operating procedures to help caretakers know what animals are compromised?
Yes
What is the primary handling tool used when working with poultry?
Your hands
Handling tools are effective by providing barriers or stimuli. In lecture, we discussed the use of a sort board. This would be labeled as a...
physical barrier
After you visit a swine farm waiting 48 hours before visiting the next would be an example of which biosecurity principle?
prevent disease introduction onto the farm
Cattle guards are useful to:
prevent the cattle from moving to a certain area
Caretaker personality traits are critical for Touch N' Talk to be successful, traits identified were....
quiet, consistent, calm, and professional
weanling
recently weaned animal
What are some factors that can contribute to lameness and how can it be reduced?
reduced by having non-slip flooring in pens, make sure pens are cleaned daily, and not having too many heads of cattle in one pen
Where is cattle's blind spot?
right behind them
ovine
ruminant herbivore
What areas of the body can you poke or prod with handling equipment?
rump, hip, and barrel
What is a term to define the beef industry?
segmented
The point of balance for a horse is at their....
shoulder
gregarious
sociable; like to live in groups
Which of these would most likely not cause a cow to balk? Solid walls Hat on the ground Shadows Drain gate
solid walls
What factors can influence the quality of meat after animals are transported to harvest facilities?
stress, broken bones, muscle bruising
To see how comfortable the calf was with the handling process, what part of the anatomy should you keep an eye on?
tail
Which of the following is not one of the top 3 major welfare issues in the dairy industry? Tail docking Hormone and antibiotic use Dehorning/debudding calves Lameness & downer cows
tail docking
When working with horses, what parts of the body should be viewed to determine the mood or attitude of the animal?
tail, ears, nostrils
What might high body condition scores (>3.75) be telling a producer?
tells the producer what the cow's feed intake should be and if they are capable of carrying a calf without any concern or problems
parturition
the action of giving birth
For safety and welfare of the bird, it is best to secure both legs when restraining. True or False?
True
Tools provide what kinds of barrier and stimuli?
- Physical barriers - Visual barriers - Auditory stimulus - Visual stimulus
When tying the calf up, it is important to do what?
- provide enough slack so the calf can release pressure and move around - keep slack short enough so that the calf will not easily tangle their feet - always tie with quick release knot providing safety for the calf and handler
Why is docking lambs seen as a welfare issue?
- seen as harmful and inhumane - actually benefits their overall health - welfare issue because of people's perception of it, but it actually isn't painful and benefits the sheep's overall health
What are the normal management or processing procedures for lambs?
- tail docking - castration - vaccination - cleaning/cutting the navel - ear tagging
Moving a group of boars
1-5 in group
Moving a group of sows/gilts
1-5 in group
What are the 3 schools of thought in Animal Welfare?
1. Affective States 2. Nature 3. Biological Function
What are the 6 areas the FARM program focuses on?
1. Animal Health 2. Nutrition 3. Environment and Facilities 4. 3rd Party Verification 5. Management 6. Handling, Movement and Transportation
4 steps to properly disinfect an area
1. Read the product label 2. Disinfect using label dilutions and allowing label contact times 3. Complete a final rinse if necessary 4. Allow area to dry before allowing animals to return
5 Freedoms
1. hunger and thirst 2. discomfort 3. pain, injury, disease 4. to express normal behavior 5. fear and distress
5 Basics of Cattle Behavior
1. want to see you 2. want to go around you 3. want to go to and be with other cattle 4. want to remove pressure 5. can only process one thought at a time
Grazing animals eyes protrude slightly from the side of their heads. True or False?
True
Grazing animals such as cows and horses can virtually see 360 degrees around them when their head is down grazing. True or False?
True
Baby chicks and poults are robust animals that do not require a supplemental heat source. True or False?
False
Bedded packs, compost bedded barns, and free stalls are all confinement housing systems. True or False?
False
Hand washing is important to human health and the health of the animals. True or False?
True
Having control of the head is extremely important at any stage of calf training. true or False?
True
Ignoring a sign of physical injury is considered a willful act of abuse. True or False?
True
Cattle are not distracted by random objects; therefore, it is not critical to remove the distractions before working with the cattle. True or False?
False
Moving a group of nursery pigs
10 in group
Normal sheep respiration
10-20
Normal sheep temperature
102-103
It is recommended not to exceed how many shocks per pig during loading?
2
Moving a group of weaned pigs
20 in group
Turkeys are processed when they weigh approximately:
20-40 lbs
Normal pulse for a horse
28-44
In horses, foaling should take no more than _______ hours.
3
Touch N' Touch training should be completed over how many days?
3 days; 1 hour the first day and 1/2 hour on the second and third day
Moving group of finished/market pigs
3-5 in group
The maximum transport time for chicks is not to exceed:
48 hours
When shipping animals over large distances, the 28-hour law may come into play. How many consecutive hours must animals be unloaded and provided feed, water, and rest to abide by the 28-hour law?
5
Normal sheep pulse
70-90
Normal respiration for a horse
8-20
Chicks require a heat source of at least....
92 degrees F
Normal temperature for a horse
99-101
Fomites are: Inanimate objects Not alive Serve to transport organisms from one animal to another All of the above
All of the above
To prevent the spread of pathogens via aerosol transmission, which of the following are true? Maintain proper ventilation maintenance Use dust reduction protocols in feed Maintain relative humidity <70% All of the above
All of the above
When a swine farmworker checks a swine nursery barn, they are making sure which of the 5 freedoms is being followed? Freedom from hunger and thirst Freedom from discomfort Freedom from pain, injury, and disease All of the above
All of the above
When wanting to practice the best biosecurity practices, you should try to maximize: Health problems Environment Nutrition Management All of the above
All of the above
Which are the routes of transmission for infection? Zoonotic Direct contact Oral Vector Fomite Aerosol All of the above
All of the above
3 Primary Measures of Well Being
Behavioral Applied Technical
What areas of the hands are most frequently missed during hand washing?
Between fingers
Cows in the milking herd typically have larger flight zones than heifers and cows. True or False?
False
Risk = Frequency x ________________
Consequence
Which of the following is NOT part of the BRM foundation disease triad? Hose Agent Environment Disease
Disease
Which of the following is not a primary measure of well-being? Behavioral Applied Technical Environment
Environment
After one to two days the calf will lead perfectly. True or False?
False
Animal well-being arose through scientific literature. True or False?
False
What does F.A.R.M. stand for?
Farmers Assuring Responsible Management
When a worker at a sheep farm watches his flock's ability to group up, he is watching for which freedom?
Freedom to express normal behavior
IACUC
Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee
Why has animal well-being become such a "hot button" issue?
Low cost of food, consumers further removed animal agricultural production, increase in media misinformation, and decrease in agricultural knowledge
Schools of Well-Being
Mental Physical Naturalness
What is the proper term when referring to a cow that cannot stand due to injury or illness?
Non-ambulatory
Average daily gain would be a well-being measurement most likely to be used by a researcher who most closely identifies themselves with which school of well-being?
Physical
What does 13-33-100 refer to?
Respiration-Pulse-Temperature
Dairy cattle have poor depth perception. True or False?
True
Euthanasia is a treatment option. True or False?
True
When restraining poultry, it is important to allow movement of the ________________ for respiration (breathing).
Thorax (chest)
A negative experience with humans could impact the next time a handler needs to work with a steer. True or False?
True
All sick animals would be classified as "compromised." True or False?
True
An animal's flight zone and point of balance are determined by the animal's experiences and temperament. True or False?
True
Animal well-being can be considered a "full belly" issue. True or False?
True
BRM stands for biological risk management. True or False?
True
Biosecurity is an important factor when working with poultry. Proper hygiene and sanitation, such as hand washing, should be part of the handling protocol.
True
Which of these would not be classified as aggressive handling? Using the electric prod frequently Using a sort panel Moving animals very fast Moving hogs in large groups
Using a sort panel
Which is NOT part of the formula for disease? Infectious agent Exposure Vaccination Susceptible host Disease
Vaccination
FAMACHA
a diagnostic tool for barber pole worm infestation levels
What is a jug?
a small closure that allows for ewe-lamb privacy and monitoring
How do hospital pens need to be managed?
additional heat, additional space, different ways to feed, less competition
What most likely contributes to a high body condition score?
amount of milk the heifer has stored and feed intake
What is a warning sign that might alert you that an animal is getting agitated?
animal twitching its tail
Rule of Thumb
anything that will hurt an animal should never be picked up and used
When monitoring convalescence, what items were discussed?
appetite, alertness, dehydration, lesion scores
The point of balance for the steer is....
at the shoulder
Where is the point of balance on a dairy cow?
at the shoulder
Blood Rule
automatic disqualification from the event, forfeiting of scores, and possible higher action against the rider when blood is found on the horse
If using an electric prod to move pigs, then the pig should be shocked where?
behind the point of balance
What animal signs/behavioral reactions did the calves display to being caught by the halter the first time?
bellowing, turned head/body, pulled away from the handler
The area directly behind an animal where the animal cannot see is called the...
blind spot
BAR
bright, alert, responsive
3 major types of commercial poultry in US
broiler chickens, turkeys, laying hens
Which type of poultry is predominately kept in a floor housing system?
broilers and turkeys
wether
castrated male sheep
What is the primary restraint tool when handling cattle?
chute
What is one thing that a producer could change so his/her cows are cleaner?
clean pens more often, have bedding that is easier to clean like sand instead of corn stalks
What type of poultry is used in a common production farm setting?
commercial poultry
What might low body condition scores (<2.5) be telling a producer?
cow may be unhealthy, will not produce as much milk and may be unable to carry a calf
What might a low body condition score indicate to be a producer?
cow needs to have an increase in feed or may just have a smaller body capacity than other heifers, meaning it may not be able to produce a healthy or live calf without complications
What term is associated with the act of removing an animal from the herd?
culling
a corral should be/have...
curbed, totally enclosed sides, and a rough concrete floor
When evaluating loading ramps and handling chutes to work cattle, it is best to...
eliminate shadows, have solid walls, and paint the facilities one color
What is the key principle in working with dairy cattle?
flight zone and point of balance
What are the potential hazards when handling horses?
floor surfaces, gates or doors, changes of light
flock
group of sheep
Which type of poultry is predominately kept in a cage housing system?
layer hens
How might a producer prevent hock lesions?
making sure there are no abrasive features of the bedding and that cows are comfortable. Flooring should not cause any injury
mare
mature female horse
ewe
mature female sheep
gelding
mature male horse that has been castrated
stallion
mature, intact male horse
ram
mature, intact male sheep
What type of vision do horses have?
monocular and binocular
What type of vision do sheep have?
monocular and binocular
If a set of steers are in a single file line in a corral, as you move towards them and past their shoulder they will...
move forward
What should you do when approaching a horse?
move slowly, make noises or talk to the horse so it is aware of your presence, and approach at the shoulder
What impacts animal stress?
nutrition, gut fill, and handling
line of separation
the line between the area that is used by the transporter and the area to be used by daily farm personnel
Sheep are gregarious in nature, which means what?
they form groups
What are common restraints for horses?
twitch, halter, stocks, shank
What is the end product of a cow-calf operation?
weaned calf
balking
when an animal is walking and suddenly stops
Flehmen response
when an animal pulls its upper lip back and takes a deep inhale; an olfactory behavior
What is a source of possible disease introduction onto a farm?
wildlife, pests, feed, feed trucks
foal
young animal still accompanying its mother
filly
young female horse
yearling
young horse that is between 1 and 2 years of age
colt
young male horse
lamb
young sheep of either sex