ANS 190 Final

Extra-label use of medications is common in the sheep industry and it is okay for producers to determine dosages for medications without consulting a veterinarian. True or False?

False

Gloves can be a substitute for hand washing. True or False?

False

If a bird is securely supported and restrained, they tend to struggle a lot. True or False?

False

If a steer has been worked with by an adult, a child should have no problem working with the steer. True or False?

False

Iowa has the largest broiler hatchery by volume in the United States. True or False?

False

It does not matter if the flooring used in the training area does not allow for the cattle to have traction. True or False?

False

It is legal to sell downer cows for food consumption. True or False?

False

It is okay to carry poultry by one foot, as long as it is secure. True or False?

False

Statistics and science is the best way to connect with consumers. True or False?

False

The tamer that an animal is the larger the flight zone. True or False?

False

Touch N' Talk is a quick process and after one session the calf is done. True or False?

False

Turkeys and chickens have the same flight zones. True or False?

False

When doing stressful procedures, such as castration and dehorning in cattle, it is best to have these done when the animals are about a year old. True or False?

False

When first working with a calf, the first place you walk up to and touch is the head. True or False?

False

When returning the second day to work with the calves, you are able to walk up to the calf at a fast pace and easily touch him right away. True or False?

False

When taking birds in and out of a cage, it is best to move them tail end first. True or False?

False

When threated, sheep will run from the flock. True or False?

False

With the advancements in science and technology, a perfect housing system for poultry has been developed. True or False?

False

It is important to give the calf space on the lead rope, but not more than 2-2.5 feet. True or False?

True

Marshall likes to tie the halter up using a slip knot in case the calf gets into a compromising position. A slip knot can be easily released. True or False?

True

Most biosecurity interventions on farms are expensive. True or False?

True

PRRS, the disease that has historically had the largest impact on the swine industry, can be stopped by proper biosecurity. True or False?

True

Showering in and putting on clean outerwear prevents transmission in ALL cases. True or False?

True

Significant considerations have been made (scientifically and socially) in choosing ethical methods of euthanasia. True or False?

True

Stocking density or loading density is the number of animals that are kept on a given unit of area. True or False?

True

Talking quietly and consistently allows the animal to know where you are at all times. True or False?

True

Use a brush or comb when first working with calves using the Touch N' Talk method. True or False?

True

Wearing disposable boots help contain disease by creating a line of separation. True or False?

True

When moving a group of animals, you should always clean right after the group leaves, and clean again before moving another group of animals in. True or False?

True

When moving a group of pigs, a rule of thumb is that these groups need to be small enough so that the handling can always maintain control of the lead pig. True or False?

True

When placing a halter on a dairy heifer, the lead strap should be on the right side as you face the heifer from the front. True or False?

True

When we treat a compromised animal, we will use a multi-modal approach. This may include monitoring, drugs, equipment, and/or different ways to give feed and water. True or False?

True

Zoonotic disease can be transmitted from animal to human. True or False?

True

What are two indicators of calf discomfort (besides swishing of the tail)?

Wide eyes, urination and defecation

Is it important for farms to have management plans and standard operating procedures to help caretakers know what animals are compromised?

Yes

What is the primary handling tool used when working with poultry?

Your hands

Handling tools are effective by providing barriers or stimuli. In lecture, we discussed the use of a sort board. This would be labeled as a...

physical barrier

After you visit a swine farm waiting 48 hours before visiting the next would be an example of which biosecurity principle?

prevent disease introduction onto the farm

Cattle guards are useful to:

prevent the cattle from moving to a certain area

Caretaker personality traits are critical for Touch N' Talk to be successful, traits identified were....

quiet, consistent, calm, and professional

weanling

recently weaned animal

What are some factors that can contribute to lameness and how can it be reduced?

reduced by having non-slip flooring in pens, make sure pens are cleaned daily, and not having too many heads of cattle in one pen

Where is cattle's blind spot?

right behind them

ovine

ruminant herbivore

What areas of the body can you poke or prod with handling equipment?

rump, hip, and barrel

What is a term to define the beef industry?

segmented

The point of balance for a horse is at their....

shoulder

gregarious

sociable; like to live in groups

Which of these would most likely not cause a cow to balk? Solid walls Hat on the ground Shadows Drain gate

solid walls

What factors can influence the quality of meat after animals are transported to harvest facilities?

stress, broken bones, muscle bruising

To see how comfortable the calf was with the handling process, what part of the anatomy should you keep an eye on?

tail

Which of the following is not one of the top 3 major welfare issues in the dairy industry? Tail docking Hormone and antibiotic use Dehorning/debudding calves Lameness & downer cows

tail docking

When working with horses, what parts of the body should be viewed to determine the mood or attitude of the animal?

tail, ears, nostrils

What might high body condition scores (>3.75) be telling a producer?

tells the producer what the cow's feed intake should be and if they are capable of carrying a calf without any concern or problems

parturition

the action of giving birth

For safety and welfare of the bird, it is best to secure both legs when restraining. True or False?

True

Tools provide what kinds of barrier and stimuli?

- Physical barriers - Visual barriers - Auditory stimulus - Visual stimulus

When tying the calf up, it is important to do what?

- provide enough slack so the calf can release pressure and move around - keep slack short enough so that the calf will not easily tangle their feet - always tie with quick release knot providing safety for the calf and handler

Why is docking lambs seen as a welfare issue?

- seen as harmful and inhumane - actually benefits their overall health - welfare issue because of people's perception of it, but it actually isn't painful and benefits the sheep's overall health

What are the normal management or processing procedures for lambs?

- tail docking - castration - vaccination - cleaning/cutting the navel - ear tagging

Moving a group of boars

1-5 in group

Moving a group of sows/gilts

1-5 in group

What are the 3 schools of thought in Animal Welfare?

1. Affective States 2. Nature 3. Biological Function

What are the 6 areas the FARM program focuses on?

1. Animal Health 2. Nutrition 3. Environment and Facilities 4. 3rd Party Verification 5. Management 6. Handling, Movement and Transportation

4 steps to properly disinfect an area

1. Read the product label 2. Disinfect using label dilutions and allowing label contact times 3. Complete a final rinse if necessary 4. Allow area to dry before allowing animals to return

5 Freedoms

1. hunger and thirst 2. discomfort 3. pain, injury, disease 4. to express normal behavior 5. fear and distress

5 Basics of Cattle Behavior

1. want to see you 2. want to go around you 3. want to go to and be with other cattle 4. want to remove pressure 5. can only process one thought at a time

Grazing animals eyes protrude slightly from the side of their heads. True or False?

True

Grazing animals such as cows and horses can virtually see 360 degrees around them when their head is down grazing. True or False?

True

Baby chicks and poults are robust animals that do not require a supplemental heat source. True or False?

False

Bedded packs, compost bedded barns, and free stalls are all confinement housing systems. True or False?

False

Hand washing is important to human health and the health of the animals. True or False?

True

Having control of the head is extremely important at any stage of calf training. true or False?

True

Ignoring a sign of physical injury is considered a willful act of abuse. True or False?

True

Cattle are not distracted by random objects; therefore, it is not critical to remove the distractions before working with the cattle. True or False?

False

Moving a group of nursery pigs

10 in group

Normal sheep respiration

10-20

Normal sheep temperature

102-103

It is recommended not to exceed how many shocks per pig during loading?

2

Moving a group of weaned pigs

20 in group

Turkeys are processed when they weigh approximately:

20-40 lbs

Normal pulse for a horse

28-44

In horses, foaling should take no more than _______ hours.

3

Touch N' Touch training should be completed over how many days?

3 days; 1 hour the first day and 1/2 hour on the second and third day

Moving group of finished/market pigs

3-5 in group

The maximum transport time for chicks is not to exceed:

48 hours

When shipping animals over large distances, the 28-hour law may come into play. How many consecutive hours must animals be unloaded and provided feed, water, and rest to abide by the 28-hour law?

5

Normal sheep pulse

70-90

Normal respiration for a horse

8-20

Chicks require a heat source of at least....

92 degrees F

Normal temperature for a horse

99-101

Fomites are: Inanimate objects Not alive Serve to transport organisms from one animal to another All of the above

All of the above

To prevent the spread of pathogens via aerosol transmission, which of the following are true? Maintain proper ventilation maintenance Use dust reduction protocols in feed Maintain relative humidity <70% All of the above

All of the above

When a swine farmworker checks a swine nursery barn, they are making sure which of the 5 freedoms is being followed? Freedom from hunger and thirst Freedom from discomfort Freedom from pain, injury, and disease All of the above

All of the above

When wanting to practice the best biosecurity practices, you should try to maximize: Health problems Environment Nutrition Management All of the above

All of the above

Which are the routes of transmission for infection? Zoonotic Direct contact Oral Vector Fomite Aerosol All of the above

All of the above

3 Primary Measures of Well Being

Behavioral Applied Technical

What areas of the hands are most frequently missed during hand washing?

Between fingers

Cows in the milking herd typically have larger flight zones than heifers and cows. True or False?

False

Risk = Frequency x ________________

Consequence

Which of the following is NOT part of the BRM foundation disease triad? Hose Agent Environment Disease

Disease

Which of the following is not a primary measure of well-being? Behavioral Applied Technical Environment

Environment

After one to two days the calf will lead perfectly. True or False?

False

Animal well-being arose through scientific literature. True or False?

False

What does F.A.R.M. stand for?

Farmers Assuring Responsible Management

When a worker at a sheep farm watches his flock's ability to group up, he is watching for which freedom?

Freedom to express normal behavior

IACUC

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee

Why has animal well-being become such a "hot button" issue?

Low cost of food, consumers further removed animal agricultural production, increase in media misinformation, and decrease in agricultural knowledge

Schools of Well-Being

Mental Physical Naturalness

What is the proper term when referring to a cow that cannot stand due to injury or illness?

Non-ambulatory

Average daily gain would be a well-being measurement most likely to be used by a researcher who most closely identifies themselves with which school of well-being?

Physical

What does 13-33-100 refer to?

Respiration-Pulse-Temperature

Dairy cattle have poor depth perception. True or False?

True

Euthanasia is a treatment option. True or False?

True

When restraining poultry, it is important to allow movement of the ________________ for respiration (breathing).

Thorax (chest)

A negative experience with humans could impact the next time a handler needs to work with a steer. True or False?

True

All sick animals would be classified as "compromised." True or False?

True

An animal's flight zone and point of balance are determined by the animal's experiences and temperament. True or False?

True

Animal well-being can be considered a "full belly" issue. True or False?

True

BRM stands for biological risk management. True or False?

True

Biosecurity is an important factor when working with poultry. Proper hygiene and sanitation, such as hand washing, should be part of the handling protocol.

True

Which of these would not be classified as aggressive handling? Using the electric prod frequently Using a sort panel Moving animals very fast Moving hogs in large groups

Using a sort panel

Which is NOT part of the formula for disease? Infectious agent Exposure Vaccination Susceptible host Disease

Vaccination

FAMACHA

a diagnostic tool for barber pole worm infestation levels

What is a jug?

a small closure that allows for ewe-lamb privacy and monitoring

How do hospital pens need to be managed?

additional heat, additional space, different ways to feed, less competition

What most likely contributes to a high body condition score?

amount of milk the heifer has stored and feed intake

What is a warning sign that might alert you that an animal is getting agitated?

animal twitching its tail

Rule of Thumb

anything that will hurt an animal should never be picked up and used

When monitoring convalescence, what items were discussed?

appetite, alertness, dehydration, lesion scores

The point of balance for the steer is....

at the shoulder

Where is the point of balance on a dairy cow?

at the shoulder

Blood Rule

automatic disqualification from the event, forfeiting of scores, and possible higher action against the rider when blood is found on the horse

If using an electric prod to move pigs, then the pig should be shocked where?

behind the point of balance

What animal signs/behavioral reactions did the calves display to being caught by the halter the first time?

bellowing, turned head/body, pulled away from the handler

The area directly behind an animal where the animal cannot see is called the...

blind spot

BAR

bright, alert, responsive

3 major types of commercial poultry in US

broiler chickens, turkeys, laying hens

Which type of poultry is predominately kept in a floor housing system?

broilers and turkeys

wether

castrated male sheep

What is the primary restraint tool when handling cattle?

chute

What is one thing that a producer could change so his/her cows are cleaner?

clean pens more often, have bedding that is easier to clean like sand instead of corn stalks

What type of poultry is used in a common production farm setting?

commercial poultry

What might low body condition scores (<2.5) be telling a producer?

cow may be unhealthy, will not produce as much milk and may be unable to carry a calf

What might a low body condition score indicate to be a producer?

cow needs to have an increase in feed or may just have a smaller body capacity than other heifers, meaning it may not be able to produce a healthy or live calf without complications

What term is associated with the act of removing an animal from the herd?

culling

a corral should be/have...

curbed, totally enclosed sides, and a rough concrete floor

When evaluating loading ramps and handling chutes to work cattle, it is best to...

eliminate shadows, have solid walls, and paint the facilities one color

What is the key principle in working with dairy cattle?

flight zone and point of balance

What are the potential hazards when handling horses?

floor surfaces, gates or doors, changes of light

flock

group of sheep

Which type of poultry is predominately kept in a cage housing system?

layer hens

How might a producer prevent hock lesions?

making sure there are no abrasive features of the bedding and that cows are comfortable. Flooring should not cause any injury

mare

mature female horse

ewe

mature female sheep

gelding

mature male horse that has been castrated

stallion

mature, intact male horse

ram

mature, intact male sheep

What type of vision do horses have?

monocular and binocular

What type of vision do sheep have?

monocular and binocular

If a set of steers are in a single file line in a corral, as you move towards them and past their shoulder they will...

move forward

What should you do when approaching a horse?

move slowly, make noises or talk to the horse so it is aware of your presence, and approach at the shoulder

What impacts animal stress?

nutrition, gut fill, and handling

line of separation

the line between the area that is used by the transporter and the area to be used by daily farm personnel

Sheep are gregarious in nature, which means what?

they form groups

What are common restraints for horses?

twitch, halter, stocks, shank

What is the end product of a cow-calf operation?

weaned calf

balking

when an animal is walking and suddenly stops

Flehmen response

when an animal pulls its upper lip back and takes a deep inhale; an olfactory behavior

What is a source of possible disease introduction onto a farm?

wildlife, pests, feed, feed trucks

foal

young animal still accompanying its mother

filly

young female horse

yearling

young horse that is between 1 and 2 years of age

colt

young male horse

lamb

young sheep of either sex