ANTH-001 :: CH 13

The human brain reaches 95 percent of its adult size by what age?

10 years

At birth, the human brain is approximately what percent of its adult size?

25 percent

Approximately how long do chimpanzees, gorillas, and women in foraging societies nurse their infants?

3 to 4 years

Before the AIDS epidemic in Africa, Botswanans had a life expectancy of 65 years. At the height of the epidemic it was about ______ years.

40

Which of the following is not true about human childhood?

It is an extremely short stage of human life.

Infectious diseases can delay growth, particularly when coupled with

Parasitic infection

_______ genes have multiple effects at different times in the life span or under different conditions.

Pleiotropic

The adolescence stage is present in which of the following?

all nonhuman primates except orangutans humans only

Infectious diseases have their greatest effect on growth and development during which life phase?

childhood

Environmental factors

definitely have effects on growth and development

What is a present day disorder that is clearly linked to dietary and lifestyle behaviors, such as decreased activity levels and increased consumption of fats and refined carbohydrates?

diabetes

One primary way in which genes have an effect on growth and development is through

hormones

A long period of female postreproductive time is found in which of the following?

humans

Information concerning the genetic and environmental effects on growth comes from studies of which of the following?

identical twins

Biological events that mark the transition to adolescence include all of the following except

increased development and enlargement of breasts and penises increase in body size hormonal changes changes in body shape

Which hormone is among those important in growth?

insulin

The human preagricultural diet was

low in fats and high in animal proteins

Human milk, like that of other primates, is

low in supply, hence frequent nursing is required low in antibodies low in fats high in fats

What is the term for a female's first menstruation?

menarche

What is the term for the period following the last menstrual cycle in human women?

menopause

One hypothesis that proposes to explain senescence notes that cells that divide throughout the life course have shortened DNA sequences at the end of the chromosomes. This is referred to as the ________ hypothesis.

telomere

When does the adolescent growth spurt approximately occur?

two years earlier in girls than in boys

Chimpanzees that are orphaned before they are weaned

usually die