ANTH-001 :: CH 13
The human brain reaches 95 percent of its adult size by what age?
10 years
At birth, the human brain is approximately what percent of its adult size?
25 percent
Approximately how long do chimpanzees, gorillas, and women in foraging societies nurse their infants?
3 to 4 years
Before the AIDS epidemic in Africa, Botswanans had a life expectancy of 65 years. At the height of the epidemic it was about ______ years.
40
Which of the following is not true about human childhood?
It is an extremely short stage of human life.
Infectious diseases can delay growth, particularly when coupled with
Parasitic infection
_______ genes have multiple effects at different times in the life span or under different conditions.
Pleiotropic
The adolescence stage is present in which of the following?
all nonhuman primates except orangutans humans only
Infectious diseases have their greatest effect on growth and development during which life phase?
childhood
Environmental factors
definitely have effects on growth and development
What is a present day disorder that is clearly linked to dietary and lifestyle behaviors, such as decreased activity levels and increased consumption of fats and refined carbohydrates?
diabetes
One primary way in which genes have an effect on growth and development is through
hormones
A long period of female postreproductive time is found in which of the following?
humans
Information concerning the genetic and environmental effects on growth comes from studies of which of the following?
identical twins
Biological events that mark the transition to adolescence include all of the following except
increased development and enlargement of breasts and penises increase in body size hormonal changes changes in body shape
Which hormone is among those important in growth?
insulin
The human preagricultural diet was
low in fats and high in animal proteins
Human milk, like that of other primates, is
low in supply, hence frequent nursing is required low in antibodies low in fats high in fats
What is the term for a female's first menstruation?
menarche
What is the term for the period following the last menstrual cycle in human women?
menopause
One hypothesis that proposes to explain senescence notes that cells that divide throughout the life course have shortened DNA sequences at the end of the chromosomes. This is referred to as the ________ hypothesis.
telomere
When does the adolescent growth spurt approximately occur?
two years earlier in girls than in boys
Chimpanzees that are orphaned before they are weaned
usually die