ANTHRO- Quiz 2

What does AAE refer to?

African American Vernacular English

Which term reflects the concept that all languages have some things in common?

Linguistic universal

What is Protolanguage?

Protolanguage refers to very simple set of gestures or verbalization that possibly came before the formation of human languages

Which of the following is NOT an example of folk taxonomy?

The system of binomial nomenclature utilized by Western universities

Why is the term biological anthropology preferred over the term physical anthropology

The term physical anthropology became associated with scientific racism

Which of the following is NOT an example of language ideologies pertaining to gender?

The use of performative language in rites of passage

Which statement is NOT true of naming ceremonies?

They are specific to preliterate societies

Why is the term biological anthropology preferred over the term physical anthropology?

This term physical anthropology became associated with scientific racism

Explain the role may have had toolmaking in the process of language acquisition

Toolmaking likely influenced the emergence of language in two interconnected ways: by fostering cognitive abilities needed for both complex thought and speech, and by promoting social learning through imitation, which is a crucial precursor to the development of language. The reciprocal relationship between toolmaking and language likely drove each to evolve together, with biological changes in the brain supporting both capabilities

Which of these are characteristic of hominin species?

bipedalism along with a larger brain

What is the first stage of evolutionary process, which can alter a genetic sequence and results in a variant form?

mutation

The Sapir-Whorf hypothesis argues that the language you speak influences how you do what?

think about reality

Which term refers to language that is associated with specific social groups such as those based on ethnicity, age, or gender?

vernacular

Which statement best explains why taxonomy is a critical component of biological anthropology?

It helps scientist know where humans belong in relation to other species

Which statement best explains why taxonomy is a critical component of biological anthropology?

It helps scientists know where humans belong in relation to other species

Which statement is NOT true regarding communication?

It is synonymous with the term language

Which of the following BEST defines language?

An open-ended system of communication with a set of rules that allows an infinite number meanings

What is the name for the period in which human activity has been the dominant influence on Earth's climate and the natural environment?

Anthropocene epoch

Which region of the brain is associated with speech development?

Broca's area

Mirror neurons are special brain cells that seem to enable

mimicry

What is the observable expression of physical traits called?

phenotype

What did researches Brent Berlin and Paul Kay determine regarding perceptions of color in 98 different languages?

Black and white are the most important distinctions

Language us a form communication. Not all communication is language.

True

The scientific naming system developed by Carolus Linnaeus is called ------ and includes -------.

binomial nomenclature; the genus and the species

Which of these occurs when two populations of the same species become isolated from one another due to a geographic barrier

allopatric speciatoin

Which area of linguistics focuses on the social context in which language is acquired?

language socialization

Which of the following is most important to anthropologists who are interested in how language varies across cultures and enviroments?

linguistic relativity

Darwin's theory of evolution has been ------ by molecular and genetic science

supported and strengthened

Which of following is the BEST definition of biological anthropology

the exploration of human biological variation and ancient past

Explain the term mansplaining how it relates to power relations

Mansplaining is a term used to describe a situation where a man explains something to a woman in a condescending or patronizing manner, often assuming that she has less knowledge or understanding on the topic, regardless of her actual expertise. This behavior is rooted in power dynamics, as it reflects broader societal patterns of gender inequality, where men have historically held positions of authority and control. Mansplaining reinforces these power relations by positioning women as inferior or less competent, undermining their confidence and authority. It also perpetuates the stereotype that men are the default experts, while women are assumed to be passive recipients of information, thus maintaining traditional gender hierarchies and restricting women's voices in both social and professional spheres.

What is meant by the statement "Every culture has a language ideology"

The statement "Every culture has a language ideology" refers to the idea that every society holds specific beliefs, values, and assumptions about language—how it should be used, learned, and valued. These ideologies shape not only the way language is taught and acquired but also how different languages and ways of speaking are viewed within a particular culture.

What is meant by the phrase "performativity of language"

The performativity of language refers to the idea of "speaking as action". This idea that language can not only to describe plainly what is happening, but can create social action therefore which can effect the perception of the reality in which it is spoken. For example, "I now pronounce you husband and wife", while describing that these two people are in fact married, it also in turn describes that fact they weren't married until that very moment.