Anthro Test 2
fieldwork
which of the following is the defining methodology for the discipline of anthropology?
intersubjective
which term refers to the knowledge about other people that emerges from relationships?
a creole
A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called...
narrative symbols
A stoplight is a visual example of which of the following?
sign
A stoplight is a visual example of which of the following?
unstructured
A word that best describes participant observation is...
summarizing symbol
According to anthropologist Sherry Ortner's analysis, the American flag is an example of...
globalization
According to anthropologists, ___________ is the contemporary widening of scale of crosscultural interactions owing to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas.
chimps and gorillas
Although all primates use some form of call system, some, such as ______ and _____, are known to be capable of more complex communication than a simple call system.
informants
Anthropologists often disguise the identity of their _________.
multisited
Anthropologists use ___________ to juxtapose phenomena that were once thought worlds apart.
red
Brent Berlin and Paul Kay found that if a language had only three color terms, they would always be black (dark), white (light), and ________.
ethnographic
Bronislaw Malinowski developed the _________ method, which requires the researcher to live with people for years in order to develop the "native's point of view."
imperialism
Cultural _________ occurs when influential nations of the West impose their products and beliefs on less powerful nations.
diversity
Cultural ___________ often exist not in spite of but because of global interconnections.
comparative
Early anthropologists used the __________ method to establish models of social evolution.
stratigraphy
Environmental changes make it essential that an archaeologist understand the proximal relationship of ___________ and habitation sites
history
Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?
parole
Ferdinand de Saussure made a distinction between the formal rules of language ______ and the ways people speak it _______.
elaborating symbol
For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which kind of symbol?
diffusionists
Franz Boas and his students were __________, emphasizing that cultural characteristics result from a spread of cultural attributes from one society to another.
morphology
How words fit together to make meaningful units is called...
genealogical method
If you wanted to study patterns of kin relations in a community, which method would you use?
paleoanthropology
If you wanted to understand very early, nonliving human beings, you would likely engage in...
test pits
In order to be certain that a particular area holds promise for paleoanthropological research, what is first used to evaluate the site?
ASL
Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned...
a pidgin language
Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as...
globalization
Many arguments over global integration are about _____________, but anthropologists are just as interested in cultural nuances such as inequality, confrontation, domination, and resistance.ust as interested in cultural nuances such as inequality, confrontation, domination, and resistance.
transitional
Often, anthropologists use the term ___________ rather than "globalization" to refer to the "global" circulation of goods and people
social position
On the island of Java in Indonesia, nearly every sentence marks a person's ____________ between speaker and listener.
development
People around the world often think of development as undermining self-determination but will often accept it when it is ____________.
migrants
People who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries are called...
action anthropology
Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called...
a metaphor
Talking about sports as a battlefield is an example of...
language death
The U.S. government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed most profoundly to...
trace fossils
The ability to discover ancient remains and draw inferences about our earliest human ancestors is sometimes helped by...
seriation
The ability to document changes in pottery styles in non-living societies happens through...
philogy
The approach that compares ancient texts and documents to analyze long-term linguistic change is called _______.
commodity chain
The linked elements that contribute to the manufacture of an object like a T-shirt is called a _________.
ethnopoetics
The method linguistic anthropologists use for recording oral poetry, stories, and ritual language is __________.
accumulate prestige
The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to...
localization
The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of...
call system
The set of sounds and movements that animals make to communicate is called a ________.
paleoethnobotany
The study of ancient plants as a means of reconstructing prehistoric environments is known as __________.
morphology
The study of grammatical categories, such as tense and word order, is called...
ethnoscience
The study of how people classify things in the world is called...
clash of civilizations
The theory that explains why cultural differences have not disappeared because cultural consciousness is increasingly bringing people together around cultural similarities is...
morphology
The use of mock Spanish reinforces a common impression that Hispanic people are socially inferior. This is an example of the power of which of the following?
language
When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on...
DNA analysis
When archaeologists recover and analyze ancient non-fossilized remains, such as the teeth found in Hoyo Negro, they are most likely to use...
parole
When language speakers use slang or metaphor, they are engaging in which concept suggested by French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure?
genealogical method
Which method would be best when doing a study on the genetic propensity for cancer in a given population?
comparative
Which of the following best describes the methodology of multi-sited ethnography?
participant observation
Which type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants?
cognate words
Words that came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word are called...
minimal
Words that differ by only one single sound contrast, like in the case of "ban," "man," and "pan," are called _______ pairs
headnotes
_______ are important for an anthropologist to write down because they reflect his or her private observations, which can also be useful data.
symbols
_______ are words or objects that stand for something else.
participant
_______ is a key element of anthropological fieldwork because it is a systematic research strategy of "just hanging out."
open-ended
_______ questions encourage informants to talk about what they find particularly meaningful.
exiles
________ are people who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.
linguistic relativity
________ is the idea that people speaking different languages perceive the world differently.
sociolinguistics
________ is the study of how sociocultural norms and contexts shape language use in society.
fossilization
_________ happens under special environmental conditions and can turn hard tissues into stone.
phonology
____________ refers to the structure of speech sounds.
survey interviews
f you wanted to have consistent responses, what kind of interview would you use?