Anthro Test 2

fieldwork

which of the following is the defining methodology for the discipline of anthropology?

intersubjective

which term refers to the knowledge about other people that emerges from relationships?

a creole

A language of mixed origin that developed from a complex blending of two parent languages is called...

narrative symbols

A stoplight is a visual example of which of the following?

sign

A stoplight is a visual example of which of the following?

unstructured

A word that best describes participant observation is...

summarizing symbol

According to anthropologist Sherry Ortner's analysis, the American flag is an example of...

globalization

According to anthropologists, ___________ is the contemporary widening of scale of crosscultural interactions owing to the rapid movement of money, people, goods, images, and ideas.

chimps and gorillas

Although all primates use some form of call system, some, such as ______ and _____, are known to be capable of more complex communication than a simple call system.

informants

Anthropologists often disguise the identity of their _________.

multisited

Anthropologists use ___________ to juxtapose phenomena that were once thought worlds apart.

red

Brent Berlin and Paul Kay found that if a language had only three color terms, they would always be black (dark), white (light), and ________.

ethnographic

Bronislaw Malinowski developed the _________ method, which requires the researcher to live with people for years in order to develop the "native's point of view."

imperialism

Cultural _________ occurs when influential nations of the West impose their products and beliefs on less powerful nations.

diversity

Cultural ___________ often exist not in spite of but because of global interconnections.

comparative

Early anthropologists used the __________ method to establish models of social evolution.

stratigraphy

Environmental changes make it essential that an archaeologist understand the proximal relationship of ___________ and habitation sites

history

Eric Wolf encouraged anthropologists to consider what in their field studies?

parole

Ferdinand de Saussure made a distinction between the formal rules of language ______ and the ways people speak it _______.

elaborating symbol

For pastoral groups such as the Dinka and the Nuer, the cow acts as which kind of symbol?

diffusionists

Franz Boas and his students were __________, emphasizing that cultural characteristics result from a spread of cultural attributes from one society to another.

morphology

How words fit together to make meaningful units is called...

genealogical method

If you wanted to study patterns of kin relations in a community, which method would you use?

paleoanthropology

If you wanted to understand very early, nonliving human beings, you would likely engage in...

test pits

In order to be certain that a particular area holds promise for paleoanthropological research, what is first used to evaluate the site?

ASL

Koko and Washo were two primates who had learned...

a pidgin language

Linguists refer to mixed languages with a simplified grammar that people rarely learn as a mother tongue as...

globalization

Many arguments over global integration are about _____________, but anthropologists are just as interested in cultural nuances such as inequality, confrontation, domination, and resistance.ust as interested in cultural nuances such as inequality, confrontation, domination, and resistance.

transitional

Often, anthropologists use the term ___________ rather than "globalization" to refer to the "global" circulation of goods and people

social position

On the island of Java in Indonesia, nearly every sentence marks a person's ____________ between speaker and listener.

development

People around the world often think of development as undermining self-determination but will often accept it when it is ____________.

migrants

People who leave their homes to work for a time in other regions or countries are called...

action anthropology

Research committed to making social change and improving the lives of marginalized people is called...

a metaphor

Talking about sports as a battlefield is an example of...

language death

The U.S. government's prohibition of Native American children speaking their indigenous languages in Indian schools has contributed most profoundly to...

trace fossils

The ability to discover ancient remains and draw inferences about our earliest human ancestors is sometimes helped by...

seriation

The ability to document changes in pottery styles in non-living societies happens through...

philogy

The approach that compares ancient texts and documents to analyze long-term linguistic change is called _______.

commodity chain

The linked elements that contribute to the manufacture of an object like a T-shirt is called a _________.

ethnopoetics

The method linguistic anthropologists use for recording oral poetry, stories, and ritual language is __________.

accumulate prestige

The most important goal of the Congolese sapeur is to...

localization

The recent rise of autonomy movements among Hawaiian separatists and Zapatistas in Mexico are examples of...

call system

The set of sounds and movements that animals make to communicate is called a ________.

paleoethnobotany

The study of ancient plants as a means of reconstructing prehistoric environments is known as __________.

morphology

The study of grammatical categories, such as tense and word order, is called...

ethnoscience

The study of how people classify things in the world is called...

clash of civilizations

The theory that explains why cultural differences have not disappeared because cultural consciousness is increasingly bringing people together around cultural similarities is...

morphology

The use of mock Spanish reinforces a common impression that Hispanic people are socially inferior. This is an example of the power of which of the following?

language

When anthropologists study the way people use language in real settings rather than as a set of grammatical rules, they are focusing on...

DNA analysis

When archaeologists recover and analyze ancient non-fossilized remains, such as the teeth found in Hoyo Negro, they are most likely to use...

parole

When language speakers use slang or metaphor, they are engaging in which concept suggested by French linguist Ferdinand de Saussure?

genealogical method

Which method would be best when doing a study on the genetic propensity for cancer in a given population?

comparative

Which of the following best describes the methodology of multi-sited ethnography?

participant observation

Which type of interaction may include playing basketball, cooking, dining, or having coffee with informants?

cognate words

Words that came from the same ancestral language and originated from the same word are called...

minimal

Words that differ by only one single sound contrast, like in the case of "ban," "man," and "pan," are called _______ pairs

headnotes

_______ are important for an anthropologist to write down because they reflect his or her private observations, which can also be useful data.

symbols

_______ are words or objects that stand for something else.

participant

_______ is a key element of anthropological fieldwork because it is a systematic research strategy of "just hanging out."

open-ended

_______ questions encourage informants to talk about what they find particularly meaningful.

exiles

________ are people who are expelled by the authorities of their home countries.

linguistic relativity

________ is the idea that people speaking different languages perceive the world differently.

sociolinguistics

________ is the study of how sociocultural norms and contexts shape language use in society.

fossilization

_________ happens under special environmental conditions and can turn hard tissues into stone.

phonology

____________ refers to the structure of speech sounds.

survey interviews

f you wanted to have consistent responses, what kind of interview would you use?