Anthropology - Chapter 4 - Archaeology Fieldwork - Recharge Questions

The American Anthropological Association (AAA) has established a Code of Ethics that requires that anthropologists be guided by a principle that has been compared to a doctor's Hippocratic oath, which essentially says,

"first do no harm."

Which of the following correctly describes the flotation technique in archaeology?

Carbonized plant remains are the particles that float. It is expensive. It uses a series of very fine meshes and water.

Which of the following does palynology do?

It helps to determine an ancient site's environment at the time it was inhabited.

In the methods of archaeology, what is the difference between systematic survey and excavation?

Systematic survey involves gathering information about settlement patterns across a region; excavation involves digging in selected sites.

Which of the following is true of phytoliths?

They do not decay.

The archaeological study of settlement patterns over a large area is known as

a systematic survey.

Measuring human proportions on skeletal remains from ancient sites as well as among modern human populations is known as

anthropometry.

Which subfield of anthropology specializes in the study of the human past by studying material culture?

archaeology

The specialty in archaeology known as ______ is the study of human skeletons and associated artifacts, which are used to understand health, diet, and social status differences.

bioarchaeology

Which type of anthropologists study primate behavior and also the physical characteristics of ancient and modern humans?

biological

What is the term for the study of bone as a biological tissue?

bone biology

What are fossils?

bones or other remains of ancient life forms

What is the term used to describe the type of archaeologists who study Old World civilizations such as Greece, Rome, and Egypt?

classical

Equal-size sections of a grid in an archaeological excavation are called

collection units.

The most common way in which archaeologists work locally is

excavation.

Some samples recovered from house floors or trash pits are processed using a technique called ______, which separates very small particles of plant remains and fish bones by using water and fine meshes.

flotation

Some biological anthropologists analyze human remains to provide legal evidence. This special type of anthropology is known as

forensic anthropology.

In archaeological excavations, collection units are marked off on the site using a ______ that allows researchers to identify the location of any object found at the site.

grid

Which of the following reflect ethical guidelines that anthropologists should follow when working abroad?

including colleagues of the host country in planning research and obtaining funding establishing ongoing collaborative relationships with colleagues in the host country

Which of the following best explains what biological anthropologists study?

living and recent humans and primates as well as ancient humans and primates

For bioarchaeologists, the remains of taller people can indicate

more fortunate members of a society.

Biological anthropologists use anthropometry to learn about which of the following aspects of humans?

nutritional status human development human growth

What kind of physical anthropologists specialize in the study of human evolution?

paleoanthropologists

The study of ancient life through the fossil record is known as

paleontology.

Human skeletal remains from archaeological sites can be analyzed to identify specific types of disease and bodily afflictions. This specialty within biological anthropology is known as

paleopathology.

Which of the following is the study of ancient pollen to identify the plant resources that were part of the ancient environment at a

palynology

Sources of information for archaeologists studying sites primarily include

plant and animal remains, ceramics, and other artifacts.

Archaeologists study settlement patterns primarily to reveal what kinds of information about prehistoric communities?

population estimates and degrees of social complexity

With _____ data, archaeologists can address many questions about the prehistoric communities that lived in a given area.

regional

Paleoanthropologists

search for evidence about human origins.

As archaeologists excavate the strata or layers at a site, they establish a time sequence for the materials discovered in each layer based on the idea that the lower layers are older than the top layers. This idea is known as

superposition.