AP Bio Ch.7

Select the correct statement about cellular respiration. A Cellular respiration and breathing differ in that cellular respiration is at the cellular level, whereas breathing is at the organismal level. B Animals carry out cellular respiration whereas plants carry out photosynthesis. C Plants carry out cellular respiration only in organs such as roots that cannot carry out photosynthesis.

A Cellular respiration and breathing differ in that cellular respiration is at the cellular level, whereas breathing is at the organismal level.

A glucose molecule is completely broken down to carbon dioxide and water in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle, but together these two processes yield only a few molecules of ATP. What happened to most of the energy that the cell obtains from the oxidation of glucose? A It is stored in NADH and FADH2 B It was lost as heat. C It is stored in the ATP that was formed by glycolysis and the citric acid cycle. D It is stored in the carbon dioxide and water molecules released by these processes. E It is stored in pyruvate.

A It is stored in NADH and FADH2

In most cells, not all of the carbon compounds that participate in glycolysis and the citric acid cycle are converted to carbon dioxide by cellular respiration. What happens to the carbon in these compounds that does not end up as CO2? A These carbon compounds are used to convert ADP to ATP via chemiosmosis. B They are used to make ATP from NADH. C They are used to make NADH. D The carbon compounds are removed from these processes to serve as building blocks for other complex molecules. E They are converted to heat energy.

A The carbon compounds are removed from these processes to serve as building blocks for other complex molecules.

Which of the following statements accurately describes the function of a metabolic pathway involved in cellular respiration? A The function of glycolysis is to begin catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, with a net yield of two ATP. B The function of the citric acid cycle is the transfer of electrons from pyruvate to NADH to O2. C The function of the bonding of acetic acid to the carrier molecule CoA to form acetyl CoA is the reduction of glucose to acetyl CoA.

A The function of glycolysis is to begin catabolism by breaking glucose into two molecules of pyruvate, with a net yield of two ATP.

How will a healthy individual's ATP production change during an eight-hour fast? A The individual's ATP production will not change significantly. B The individual's ATP production will increase significantly. C The individual's ATP production will decrease significantly

A The individual's ATP production will not change significantly.

Which statement about the citric acid cycle is correct? A The last reaction in the citric acid cycle produces a product that is a substrate for the first reaction of the citric acid cycle. B The citric acid cycle depends on the availability of NAD+, which is a product of glycolysis. C The citric acid cycle produces most of the ATP that is subsequently used by the electron transport chain. D The oxidation of compounds by the citric acid cycle requires molecular oxygen. E The citric acid cycle oxidizes glucose to carbon dioxide.

A The last reaction in the citric acid cycle produces a product that is a substrate for the first reaction of the citric acid cycle.

Most CO2 from catabolism is released during __________. A the citric acid cycle B electron transport C glycolysis D oxidative phosphorylation E lactate fermentation

A the citric acid cycle

In the absence of oxygen, what is the net gain of ATP for each glucose molecule that enters glycolysis? A two ATP B four ATP C up to 30 ATP D none, because in the absence of oxygen, no ATP can be made E none, because all of the available energy remains in either lactate or ethanol

A two ATP

The immediate energy source that drives ATP synthesis by ATP synthase during oxidative phosphorylation is the __________. A affinity of oxygen for electrons B H+ movement down its concentration gradient C flow of electrons down the electron transport chain D oxidation of glucose and other organic compounds E transfer of phosphate to ADP

B H+ movement down its concentration gradient

Which one of the following statements about the redox reactions of the electron transport chain is correct? A The oxidation of NADH is directly coupled to the reduction of oxygen to water. B The redox reactions of the electron transport chain are directly coupled to the movement of protons across a membrane. C The electron transport chain takes electrons from water and gives them to oxygen. D The redox reactions of the electron transport chain are directly coupled with the synthesis of ATP. E NADH gains electrons in the initial reaction of the electron transport chain.

B The redox reactions of the electron transport chain are directly coupled to the movement of protons across a membrane.

In mitochondria, exergonic redox reactions __________. A are directly coupled to substrate-level phosphorylation B provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient C reduce carbon atoms to carbon dioxide D are the source of energy driving prokaryotic ATP synthesis E use ATP to pump H+ out of the mitochondrion

B provide the energy that establishes the proton gradient

In cellular respiration, a series of molecules forming an electron transport chain alternately accepts and then donates electrons. What is the advantage of such an electron transport chain? A The advantage of an electron transport chain is the production of a large number of reduced, high-energy intermediates. B The advantage of the respiratory electron transport chain is that oxygen is the final electron acceptor. C The advantage of an electron transport chain is that a small amount of energy is released with the transfer of an electron between each pair of intermediates.

C The advantage of an electron transport chain is that a small amount of energy is released with the transfer of an electron between each pair of intermediates.

Identify all correct statements about the basic function of fermentation. Select all that apply. A The basic function of fermentation is the regeneration of NAD+, which allows continued ATP production by glycolysis. B The basic function of fermentation is the production of ethyl alcohol or lactic acid. C The basic function of fermentation is the production of additional ATP by further oxidation of the products of glycolysis.

C The basic function of fermentation is the regeneration of NAD+, which allows continued ATP production by glycolysis.

Which of the following statements about the chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP is correct? A The energy for production of ATP from ADP comes directly from a gradient of electrons across the inner mitochondrial membrane. B Oxygen participates directly in the reaction that makes ATP from ADP and P. C The chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP requires that the electron transport in the inner mitochondrial membrane be coupled to proton transport across the same membrane. D The chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP occurs only in eukaryotic cells, because it occurs in mitochondria. E Chemiosmotic ATP synthesis requires oxygen.

C The chemiosmotic synthesis of ATP requires that the electron transport in the inner mitochondrial membrane be coupled to proton transport across the same membrane.

When electrons flow along the electron transport chains of mitochondria, which of the following changes occurs? A The cytochromes phosphorylate ADP to form ATP. B The electrons gain free energy. C The pH of the matrix increases. D ATP synthase pumps protons by active transport. E NAD+ is oxidized.

C The pH of the matrix increases.

The final electron acceptor of the electron transport chain that functions in aerobic oxidative phosphorylation is __________. A pyruvate B ADP C oxygen D water E NAD+

C oxygen

What is the oxidizing agent in the following reaction? Pyruvate + NADH + H+ → Lactate + NAD+ A NADH B lactate C pyruvate D NAD+ E oxygen

C pyruvate

In the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration, what is consumed and what is produced? A Water is consumed, and ATP is produced. B ATP is consumed, and oxygen is produced. C Carbon dioxide is consumed, and water is produced. D Glucose is consumed, and carbon dioxide is produced. E Oxygen is consumed, and glucose is produced.

D Glucose is consumed, and carbon dioxide is produced.

Which of the following describes the process of glycolysis? A It requires ATP and NADH. B Glycolysis produces 30 ATP from each molecule of glucose. C Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria. D It represents the first stage in the chemical oxidation of glucose by a cell. E It converts one glucose molecule to two molecules of pyruvate and carbon dioxide.

D It represents the first stage in the chemical oxidation of glucose by a cell.

Which metabolic pathway is common to both fermentation and cellular respiration of a glucose molecule? A reduction of pyruvate to lactate B synthesis of acetyl CoA from pyruvate C the citric acid cycle D glycolysis E the electron transport chain

D glycolysis

Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the combined processes of glycolysis and cellular respiration? A catabolism of sugars and related compounds B breaking down ATP, so that ADP and P can be reused C producing complex molecules from chemical building blocks D the breakdown of glucose to carbon dioxide and water E transforming the energy in glucose and related molecules in a chemical form that cells can use for work

E transforming the energy in glucose and related molecules in a chemical form that cells can use for work

The electrons stripped from glucose in cellular respiration end up in which compound? A oxygen B NADH C carbon dioxide D ATP E water

E water