Plant Science CH03 Part 4: Flowers

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Racemose

A type of inflorescence where the axis is indeterminate (continues to grow).

Cymose

A type of inflorescence where upward growth of the floral axis is stopped early by the development of a terminal flower.

Perfect Flower

Flower that has both male and female parts.

Imperfect Flower

Flower that only has male or female parts.

Dioecious Plants

Plants bearing staminate flowers on one plant and pistillate flowers on a different plant. They are called male and female plants.

Polygamous Plants

Plants that bear staminate, pistillate, and hermaphroditic (bisexual—both sexes present and functional in the same flower) flowers on the same plant.

Pedicel

Stalk of an individual flower in a cluster.

Recepticle

The apex of the pedicel upon which the organs of a flower are developed.

Pistil

The female reproductive part of a flower

Perianth

collective term for the outer parts of a flower consisting of the calyx and corolla and enclosing the stamens and pistils

Peduncle

(1) Stalk that bears the single flower at the top. (2) The main stem or axis of a flower cluster.

Incomplete Flower

A flower in which one or more of the four basic floral organs such as sepals, petals, stamens, or carpels are either absent or nonfunctional.

Complete Flower

A flower that has all four basic floral organs: sepals, petals, stamens, and carpels.

Monoecious Plants

Bearing both staminate and pistillate flowers on the same plant.

Style

Connects the stigma to the ovary of a flower

Ovary

Enlarged, bulbous, basal part of the pistil that bears the ovules—the egg-containing units that, after fertilization, become the seeds attached either to its central axis or to its inner wall.

Carpel

Female part of the flower, produce the female gametophytes, ova. Each consists of an ovary, stigma and style. Also called the pistil.

Anther

In an angiosperm, the terminal pollen sac of a stamen, where pollen grains containing sperm-producing male gametophytes form.

Monoecious

Latin word meaning plant species has both sexes in one "house", or individual.

Dioecious

Latin word meaning plant species has both sexes split across two "houses", or individuals.

Stamen

Male part of the flower; made up of an anther and a filament.

Pollen

Microscopic grains that contain the male gametes or sex cells of a plant.

Floral Bracts

Modified leaves that can simulate petals and add a conspicuous part to otherwise inconspicuous flowers. Poinsettia

Corolla

The inner set of leaflike parts of a flower lying just within the calyx and composed of petals.

Filament

The long, thin structure that supports the anther in a flower

Calyx

The ring of sepals making up the outermost, leaflike part of the flower.

Stigma

The tip of the female reproductive structure of a flower where the pollen lands

Terminal Flower Position

When flowers or clusters of flowers are carried on the ends of the axis or branches.

Axillary Flower Position

When flowers or clusters of flowers arise at the junction of the stem or axis and the leaf.

Inflorescence

a cluster of flowers

ecious

means house in Latin.

mono

means one in latin

di

means two in latin.


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