AP Classroom Test Period 5: 1861-1865

[SAME AS LAST QUOTE] "I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . . . "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 Evidence in the excerpt best corroborates which of the following? A. Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system. B. Sectional divisions were not as deep as many thought, and there was agreement about gradual abolition. C. Political leadership in previous administrations had successfully limited sectional conflict. D. Lincoln viewed foreign influences as serious threats to the stability of the United States.

A. Southern politicians would not abandon slavery, and they believed Lincoln was a threat to that system. In the excerpt, Lincoln explains why it is necessary to be optimistic that conditions would improve. This is a reaction to the objectives that Southern states expressed in seceding from the Union, in which they declared that they wanted to preserve slavery at all costs.

During the Civil War, the Republican Party passed legislation promoting economic development concerning all of the following EXCEPT the A. granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods B. establishment of a high tariff to protect American industry from foreign competition C. organization of a national banking system to provide a uniform national currency D. provision of government loans and land grants to private companies to construct a transcontinental railroad E. passage of the Homestead Act

A. granting of government subsidies to encourage the export of manufactured goods

Of the following, the most threatening problem for the Union from 1861 through 1863 was A. possible British recognition of the Confederacy B. Spanish intervention in Santo Domingo C. French objections to the Union blockade D. British insistence on the abolition of slavery E. British objections to the Union position on "continuous voyage"

A. possible British recognition of the Confederacy

The Battle of Antietam, September 17, 1862, is considered pivotal to the outcome of the Civil War because it A. represented the Union's deepest thrust into southern territory B. forestalled the possibility of European intervention C. resulted in the border states joining the Confederacy D. marked the first use of Black troops by the Union army E. confirmed George McClellan's status as the leading Union general

B. forestalled the possibility of European intervention

The belief by some Americans that the Civil War was "a rich man's war but a poor man's fight" was reflected in A. Sherman's march to Atlanta B. the draft riots in New York City C. Lincoln's suspension of habeas corpus in the South D. Thoreau's denunciation of the war E. John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry

B. the draft riots in New York City

"I am filled with deep emotion at finding myself standing here in the place . . . from which sprang the institutions under which we live. . . . I have never had a feeling politically that did not spring from the sentiments embodied in the Declaration of Independence. . . . It was not the mere matter of the separation of the colonies from the mother land; but something in that Declaration giving liberty, not alone to the people of this country, but hope to the world for all future time. It was that which gave promise that in due time the weights should be lifted from the shoulders of all men. . . . "Now, my friends, can this country be saved upon that basis? If it can, I will consider myself one of the happiest men in the world if I can help to save it. If it can't be saved upon that principle, it will be truly awful. "Now, in my view of the present aspect of affairs, there need be no bloodshed and war. . . . And I may say in advance, there will be no blood shed unless it be forced upon the Government. . . . "My friends, this is a wholly unprepared speech. I did not expect to be called upon to say a word when I came here. . . . I may, therefore, have said something indiscreet, but I have said nothing but what I am willing to live by, and, in the pleasure of Almighty God, die by." President-elect Abraham Lincoln, speaking at Independence Hall in Philadelphia, February 22, 1861 The excerpt best serves as evidence for which of the following developments? A. Abraham Lincoln attempted to increase the size of the army to regain Southern states. B. Lincoln rejected allowing any additional states to join the United States. C. Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country. D. Lincoln intended to enforce the Kansas-Nebraska Act.

C. Lincoln sought to avoid violence over the issues that divided the country. In the excerpt Lincoln stated that, despite his belief in adhering to certain principles, the federal government would only show force if fired upon.

In 1861 the North went to war with the South primarily to A. liberate the slaves B. prevent European powers from meddling in American affairs C. preserve the Union D. average political defeats and insults inflicted by the South E. forestall a Southern invasion of the North

C. preserve the Union

Which of the following statements about African American soldiers during the Civil War is correct? A. They were primarily engaged in military campaigns west of the Mississippi. B. They were limited to noncombat duty. C. They were barred form receiving awards for valor in combat. D. For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank. E. For most of the war, they were led by African American officers.

D. For most of the war, they were paid less than White soldiers of equal rank.

"Whether you are or are not, entitled to all the rights of citizenship in this country has long been a matter of dispute to your prejudice. By enlisting in the service of your country at this trial hour, and upholding the National Flag, you stop the mouths of [cynics] and win applause even from the iron lips of ingratitude. Enlist and you make this your country in common with all other men born in the country or out of it. . . . He who fights the battles of America may claim America as his country—and have that claim respected. Thus in defending your country now against rebels and traitors you are defending your own liberty, honor, manhood and self-respect. . . . . . . [H]istory shall record the names of heroes and martyrs who bravely answered the call of patriotism and Liberty—against traitors, thieves and assassins—let it not be said that in the long list of glory, composed of men of all nations—there appears the name of no colored man." Frederick Douglass, excerpt from an editorial, April 1863 Ideas expressed by Douglass in the excerpt were most likely interpreted as supporting which of the following arguments? A. The war would make African Americans feel free. B. The war was the product of years of injustice against African Americans. C.The war would take enormous sacrifice of military combat to achieve victory. D. The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the states.

D. The war was no longer just about preserving the union of the states. The ideas in the excerpt express a new reasoning that the Civil War could no longer be defined as an effort to preserve the union of the states, but rather that it sought to abolish slavery forever.

Historians have argued that all of the following were causes of the Civil War EXCEPT A. the clash of economic interests between agrarian and industrializing regions B. the actions of irresponsible politicians and agitators in the North and the South C. differences over the morality and future of slavery D. the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery E. a constitutional crisis pitting states' rights against federal power

D. the growing power of poor Southern Whites who resisted planter dominance and sought to abolish slavery

At the outbreak of the Civil War in 1861, pro-Union sentiment was strong in western Virginia, eastern Tennessee, and western North Carolina primarily because A. Confederate troops had committed atrocities to terrorize state representatives from these regions into voting for secession B. these regions had more trade with the North than did other regions in the South C. these regions were more industrialized than other regions of the South D. there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions E. Lincoln had promised not to send federal troops into these regions

D. there were relatively few slaves or large plantations in these regions

On the eve of the Civil War, the South enjoyed an advantage over the North in A. shipping capacity B. total population C. railroad mileage D. firearms production E. experienced military leadership

E. experienced military leadership

When the Emancipation Proclamation was issued at the beginning of 1863, its immediate effect was to A. end the Civil War B. abolish slavery C. free slaves held in the border sates D. alienate Britain and France E. strengthen the moral cause of the Union

E. strengthen the moral cause of the Union