AP Euro Final
In the mid-fourteenth century, France had:
3x the population of England and was much richer
Renaissance humanism is primarily defined as:
A curriculum based on the study of classics, rhetoric, and history
The Elizabethan religious settlement between Protestants and Catholics that created the Anglican Church can be described as all of the following EXCEPT:
A reflection of Elizabethan's own radical beliefs
In Thomas Hobbes's view, man was:
A self-centered beast
Joan of Arc gave the French:
A sense of national identity and destiny
In the second half of the sixteenth century, Germany was made up of:
About 360 autonomous political entities
In Hobbes's view, obedience to the sovereign was:
Absolute
In 17th and 18th century Prussia, the Junkers supported the monarchy and served in the army in return for:
Absolute power over their serfs
The ideas expressed in the passage are fundamental to the economic theories of:
Adam Smith
"Self interest drive people to action and the Invisible Hand..."
Adam Smith/Capitalism
Major Protestant and Roman Catholic leaders of the sixteenth century condemned the Anabaptists because Anabaptists:
Advocated a complete separation of church and state
Which of the following best expresses Voltaire's views concerning religion?
Against religious superstition
Which of the following would have been most likely to agree with the political system advocated by Jacques Bossuet?
All monarchs- Louis XIV
The Spanish conquest of the Aztecs was aided by:
Alliances between the European/Aztecs subject people
The benefice system:
Allowed important ecclesiastical posts to be sold to the highest bidder
Which of the following best describes the Christian humanism of Erasmus?
Application of the Renaissance scholarship to questions of ecclesiastical and moral reform
In the 15th century, the standard explanation of the arrangement of the heavens combined the work of Ptolemy and:
Aristotle
The Spanish invasion fleet the sailed on England in 1588 was known as the:
Armada
Rococo painting often depicted the aristocracy:
At play
In 1309, under pressure from the French, Pope Clement V moved the papacy to:
Avignon
Luther believed that the most important role for a Christmas woman was to:
Become a wife and mother
All of the following are true of the Lollards EXCEPT that they:
Believed that Christ was a man, not the Son of God
Locke believed that human beings entered the world a tabula rasa, or:
Blank slate
Which of the following was an important consequence of the Glorious Revolution of 1688-1689?
Bloodless shift
Descartes divided existing things into two categories, mind and:
Body
The Thirty Years War first erupted in:
Bohemia
The above image of Peter 1 cutting off the beard of an old believer lampoons a beard tax that was meant to accomplish which of the following?
Bring Western Europe culture to Russian nobility
One policy Peter the Great used to make Russia a great power was to:
Build a new capital where his nobles and merchants were obliged to settle
Galileo was found guilty of heresy and condemned by the Inquisition on the grounds that he:
Challenged the old order, heliocentricity
Which of the following practices did Zwingli NOT question and repudiate in the course of his reforms?
Church attendance
The basic argument of the conciliarists was that:
Church councils, guided by the Holy Spirit, had greater authority than popes
Tyco Brahe's major contribution to science was his:
Compilation of a large amount of astronomical data
Rene Descartes and Francis Bacon contributed to scientific development in the 17th century by:
Creating new scientific models of empiricism and deduction
Louis XIV's absolutism functioned in all of the following areas EXCEPT:
Definition of Catholic dogma
Many philosophes believed in a "rational" version of religion known as:
Deism
The long term effect of the Thirty Years War on the German states was::
Destroyed the German economy
The long-term effect of the Thirty Year's War on German states was to:
Devastate the German states economy
Which of the following was generally supported by the mercantilists?
Development of colonies
Which of the following occurred first?
Diet of Worms
The painting above is a gathering of notable writers and thinkers in order to:
Discuss important philosophical issues
Which of the following rulers is an example of a politque?
Elizabeth 1
The primary purpose of the Peace of Augsburg (1555) was to:
End the civil war between Lutherans and Roman Catholics in the German states
The deterioration of Spanish relations with England was the result of all of the following EXCEPT:
England's increasing hostility to France
Voltaire's exile to England convinced him that:
English government and society had much to admire
Just as the reign of Louis XIV of FRance is often cited as an example of absolutism, the reign of Joseph II of Austria is often cited as an example of:
Enlightened Despotism/Monarchy
Empiricism is the belief that:
Experience, especially of the senses, is the best source of knowledge
Which of the following beliefs was central to Martin Luther's religious philosophy?
Faith alone grants salvation
The medieval church taught that salvation was the result of:
Faith and good works
The Medici family ruled fifteenth-century:
Florence
After the Treaty of Westphalia in 1648, ----- emerged as Europe's dominant country.
France
Rococo architecture and decoration originated in:
France
One explanation for France's defeats in the first two phases of the Hundred Years' War is:
France was decentralized
One explanation for France's defeats in the first two phases of the Hundred Years' War is:
France's relatively decentralized state
The Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre was an attack on:
French Huguenots
The natives Columbus encountered on his first voyage to the New World were:
Friendly and cooperative
Louis XIV's view of the monarchy was influenced by his experience of the revolt known as the:
Fronde
Advocates of northern humanism believed which of the following?
Fuse Christian and classical ideals
Which of the following figures played a key role in the popularization of the Copernican system?
Galileo
The Edict of Nantes issued by Henry IV of France did which of the following:
Gave French Protestants religious freedom
The Treaty of Nantes:
Gave Huguenots qualified religious freedoms
According to the doctrine of predestination:
God has foreordained who will be saved and who will be damned
The early conquistadores were primarily interested in:
Gold
The Sculpture by Bernini shown above celebrates:
Grandiose Catholic architecture
The establishment of two competing popes in 1378 is known as the:
Great Schism
Which of the following most clearly distinguishes the northern Renaissance from the Italian renaissance?
Greater concern with Christian piety, more devoted to religious reforms
Copernicus' primary contribution to the Scientific Revolution was his theory of:
Heliocentricity
The phrase "Paris is worth a mass" is attributed to:
Henry of Navarre
The unpopularity of Mary 1 of England was the result of all of the following EXCEPT:
Her lack of legitimacy
James I's unpopularity was a result of all of the following EXCEPT:
His desire to conquer England/
Louis XIV considered the revocation of the Edict of Nantes:
His most pious act
Adam Smith maintained that:
Invisible hand/capitalism/Laissez Faire
Pascal believed that:
It is better to believe in God than not to believe
Which of the following is NOT true of the Edict of Nantes (1598)?
It was responsible for the St. Bartholomew Day Massacre
Which of the following does NOT characterize the nature of the Scientific Revolution?
It's proponents were hostile to established Christianity
"Kings are justly called gods for that they exercise of manner of resemblance of Divine power upon Earth." Which of the following was most likely to agree with this statement?
James 1 of England
Ignatius of Loyola was the founder of the:
Jesuits
"In conformity, therefore, to the clear doctrine of the Scripture..." The ideas expressed in the passage above is most closely associated with the theological views of:
John Calvin
"Revolutions happen not upon every little mismanagement in public affairs..." This above passage was said by who?
John Locke
"Sincerely influenced by the ideas of the Enlightenment..." The enlightened despot described above was?
Joseph II of Austria
The individual who first provided mathematical formulas supporting the Copernican theory and explaining planetary motion was:
Kepler
Francis Bacon believed that:
Knowledge of nature should be used to improve the human condition
Which of the following is an important defense of the principle of absolute monarchy?
Leviathan Thomas Hobbes
The Statue of Laborers, enacted in the aftermath of the plague:
Limited wages to pre-plague levels
Many of Peter the Great's most important policies aimed at:
Limiting the power of the traditional Russian nobility
The writings of John Wycliffe inspired the:
Lollards
Monarchs associated with enlightened absolutism include all of the following except:
Louis XIV
Salvation by faith alone, the ministry of all believers, and the authority of the Bible are principles basic to:
Martin Luther
Galileo believed that all aspects of nature could be described in terms of:
Mathematical relationships
Most proponents of the new science sought to explain the natural world through:
Mechanical metaphors
Bacon, Descartes, and Newton all sought to explain the universe in ---- terms.
Mechanistic
Renaissance society first took on its distinctive shape in the:
Merchant cities of Italy
David Hume doubted the existence of:
Miracles
The establishment and growth of St. Petersburg during the early 18th century was part of Peter the Great's attempt to do which of the following?
Modernize and westernize Russia
Most philosophes favored:
Monarchy
Eighteenth-century popularizers of the seventeenth-century scientific revolution would have most likely agreed with which of the following statements?
Natural laws govern society
The popularity of travel to Rome contributed to the rise of:
Neoclassicism
Which of the following viewed the universe as a vast machine controlled by the laws of gravity and inertia?
Newton
The most important intellectual forerunners of the Enlightenment included:
Newton and Locke
Louis XIV's success in expanding royal authority was dependent on his ability to gain the support of the:
Nobility
Women of what class had the most freedom to pursue the new sciences?
Nobility
Which social group suffered the greatest decline in power as a result of the plague?
Noble Landholders
Enlightened monarchs of the eighteenth century supported all of the following EXCEPT:
Pacifist Foreign Policy
The studia humanitatis included all of the following EXCEPT:
Painting
"The salon...having the ideal mixture of leading intellectuals, open-minded nobles, and clever,elegant women."
Paris during the Enlightenment
Protestants were more likely than Catholics to:
Permit divorce
The leading religious painter of the Catholic Reformation was:
Peter Paul Rubens
French economic reformers was known as:
Physiocrats
What papal doctrine contributed to the transformation of the papacy into a great secular power?
Plentitude of power
Which country took the lead in exploration in the fifteenth century?
Portugal
The Hohenzollerns turned ----- into a powerful state.
Prussia
The Scientific Revolution overturned the accepted ideas of which of the following:
Ptolemy and Aristotle
Between 1649 and 1660, England was officially a:
Puritan republic
Supporters of rational deduction believe that when studying nature, one should:
Reason from general to specific
Pope Leo X's Jubilee Indulgence was meant to raise funds to:
Rebuild St. Peter's Basilica in Rome
The primary goal of France in entering the Thirty Years Was was to:
Reduce the power of Habsburg's
Most philosophes sought the:
Reform of monarchy
Most English natural philosophers of the seventeenth century believed that:
Religion and science were mutually supportive
Compared to Italian Humanists, northern humanists were more devoted to ---- reforms.
Religious
John Locke was a defender of:
Religious toleration
Moses Mendelssohn argued for:
Religious toleration
"The law is the expression of the general will..." The quotation above is a formulation of the ideas of:
Rousseau
The Social Contract is one of the best known works of:
Rousseau
In eighteenth century Europe, the most important imperial rivalries existed among which three of the following:
Russia, Britain, and France
Which of the following most accurately states Martin Luther's basic religious belief as a leader of the Protestant Reformation?
Salvation by faith alone
A late 17th century engraving of the old observing room at the Greenwich Observatory, England. The illustration above demonstrates what principle crucial to the emerging field of science?
Science should proceed from an empirical collection of data and analysis
The eighteenth-century philosophes believed that society could best achieve progress through:
Scientific Empiricism
The Anabaptists were:
Seen as a threat to good order by the political authorities
Reform efforts of the Council of Trent included all of the following EXCEPT:
Several doctrinal concessions to the reformers
Rousseau believed that men and women:
Should inhabit separate spheres
The acquisition of which of the following territories during the mid-eighteenth century helped to establish Prussia as a great power?
Silesia
The Portuguese drive to find a sea route to the East was motivated by a desire to gain access to:
Spices
Florentine humanist culture:
Spread throughout Italy into Northern Europe
Which of the following is true of the German Peasants' Revolt of 1524-1525?
THe revolts resulted from a combo of new religious ideas and peasant demands
Which of the following was a provision of the Petition of Right?
Taxation could only occur with parliamentary consent
The Catholic Counter-Reformation spirit was expressed in:
The Baroque
In the 1560s, ----- brutally suppressed a Protestant uprising in the Netherlands.
The Duke of Alba
The Council of Trent (1545-1563) was the major body through which:
The Roman Catholic church reformed itself
Which of the following is the most accurate statement about the Counter-Reformation?
The church emerged with an organizational structure emphasizing absolute obedience to the person at the top
Bishop Boussuet was an ardent supporter of:
The divine right of kings
The Reformation broke out first in:
The free imperial cities of Switzerland and Germany
The term "Middle Passage" refers to which of the following?
The horrors of slave trade from Africa to America
The foundation of Montesquieu's ideas for reform stem from:
The inefficient absolutism of monarchy in France
The political strength of the Medici family in Florence was initially based on:
The influence and wealth of the bank
Which of the following was a primary result of the Glorious Revolution of 1688?
The limitation of monarchical power
All of the following statements about Europe's population in the eighteenth century can be inferred from the graph above EXCEPT:
The population of Eastern Europe outstripped that of Western Europe in size
The physiocrats believed:
The primary goal of government was to protect private property rights
The basic challenge facing the Habsburg Empire was:
The profound diversity of the territories contained within the empire
Newton was a great opponent of:
The rationalism of Descartes
Spanish dreams of a world empire were undermined by:
The revolt of the Netherlands
Luther believed in all of the following EXCEPT:
The unimportance of good works
During the seventeenth century, developments in science served as an incentive for which of the following?
The universe was perceived from mechanistic terms
The great scientific discoveries of the 16th and 17th centuries led European scholars to believe that:
The world operated according to fixed laws
Elizabeth I of England and her contemporary Henry IV of France, have been called politiques because they believed that:
Theological controversy should be subservient to political unity
"Hereby it is manifest, that during the time men live without a common power..." This above passage was said by who?
Thomas Hobbes
The principal reason why Louis XIV built his palace at Versailles was to:
Tightened control over his nobility
The French Estates General was a representative council of:
Townspeople, clergy, and nobles
Erasmus wanted to:
Unite Christian and Classical ideals
Mary Wollstonecraft believed that women were:
Victims of the tyranny of men
As a result of the Black Death:
Wages for farm laborers artisans increased
"A prince should have only one end in mind..." In writing the passage above, Machiavelli drew on his observations of:
Warfare among Italian city-states
All of the following were true of Henry of Navarre EXCEPT he:
Was hated by the French peasantry
Martin Luther initially criticized the Roman Catholic Church on the grounds that it:
Was more worried about money than saving soulds
"I will allow that bodily strength seems to give man a natural superiority over woman; and this is the only solid basis on which the superiority of men over women can be built." The passage above best reflects the argument of
Wollstonecraft
The great Italian cities were:
dominated by territorial princes
Protestant reformers:
implemented many of the educational reforms of humanism
All of the following undermined the authority of the medieval church EXCEPT:
it's laxity toward heretical movement
Humanists believed that education should:
promote individual virtue and public service
All of the following contributed to the outbreak of the Hundred Years' War EXCEPT:
religious differences
The marriage of Ferdinand of Aragon and Isabelle of Castile allowed the two rulers to do all of the following EXCEPT:
secure a lasting peace with Muslim Spain
Machiavelli's solution to Italy's problems was:
the unification of Italy
