AP GOV - TIMOTHY CHRISTIAN ROELOFS

U.S. v. Lopez

Gun Free School Zones Act exceeded Congress' authority to regulate interstate commerce. Increased power of state government

Brown v. Board of Ed Topeka

Ruled that "separate educational facilities were inherently unequal." Desegregated schools.

Tinker v. DesMoines

Schools forbidding the wearing of armbands is a violation of symbolic speech protected under the first amendment.

McDonald v. Chicago

The right of an individual to "keep and bear arms" is protected under the Second Amendment is incorporated by the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment against the states

New York Times v. United States

The ruling made it possible for newspapers to publish the then-classified Pentagon Papers without risk of government censorship or punishment.

Gideon v. Wainwright

Those who cannot afford an attorney will have one provided by the state

Shaw v. Reno

A case involving gerrymandering, redistricting based on race must be held to a standard of strict scrutiny under the equal protection clause

McCulloch v. Maryland

A conflict arose between a state government and the Federal government, with the state government being declared subordinate to the Federal government where laws conflict. Upheld the Supremacy Clause.

Baker v. Carr

Decided that redistricting(attempts to change the way voting districts are delineated) issues present justiciable questions, thus enabling federal courts to intervene in and to decide redistricting cases.

Schenck v. United States

The defendant who handed out anti-draft pamphlets during World War I was not protected under the first Amendment because it created a "clear and present danger."

Wisconsin v. Yoder

Found that Amish children could not be placed under compulsory education past 8th grade. The parents' fundamental right to freedom of religion was determined to outweigh the state's interest in educating its children

Engle v. Vitale

The reading of a nondenominational prayer at the start of the school day violates the "establishment of religion" clause of the First Amendment-.

Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission

The Supreme Court ruled that corporate funding of independent political ads in candidate elections couldn't be limited under the first amendment

Marburg v. Madison

The court established its role as the arbiter of the constitutionality of federal laws, the principle is known as judicial review