AP Meyers Psych Disorders/Treatments Review

Kevin laughs when others are injured by his thoughtless pranks and shows little regard for the feeling or well-being of others. He has been in trouble with the police and other authority figures a number of times. Which disorder would best describe Kevin's behavior?

Antisocial personality disorder

Which of the following best represents a humanistic explanation for an anxiety disorder?

Anxiety results when an individual experiences a gap between his ideal self and his real self.

If a man who is a heavy smoker is given an electric shock every time he takes a puff on a cigarette, which of the following behavior modification techniques is being used?

Aversive conditioning

Aversion therapy to eliminate undesirable behaviors is most likely used by which of the following types of therapists?

Behavioral

Rhoda sometimes experiences periods of major depression. At other times, she is extremely talkative and active, appears to be in a euphoric mood, goes days without sleeping, and reports that her thoughts are racing. The most likely diagnosis of Rhoda's condition is:

Bipolar Disorder

In the treatment of patients, which of the following psychologists made no attempt to offer formal diagnosis, advice, or interpretation of patients unconscious motives?

Carl Rogers

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) includes which of the following?

Classification and diagnosis of each type of mental disorder

Aaron Beck suggested that negative beliefs cause depression. To help change these negative beliefs Beck used which of the following therapies?

Cognitive

Janet believes her brother Ralph is depressed because he has a distorted view of reality: he has unrealistically negative thoughts. Which of the following theories comes closest to describing Janet's orientation to abnormal behavior?

Cognitive

A therapist who helps a client replace irrational thoughts with alternative patterns of thinking is using which of the following techniques?

Cognitive restructuring

In rational-emotive therapy, the therapist helps clients by

Confronting clients with their faulty logic

Which is most characteristic of individuals with chronic schizophrenia?

Disordered thinking

A person leaves her current home, moves to a new location, takes on a new identity, and has little or no memory of her former life. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), which of the following diagnoses is most appropriate?

Dissociative fugue

Which of the following is associated with schizophrenia?

Enlarged, fluid-filled areas in the brain

A therapist who uses systematic desensitization to help a child overcome a white rabbit phobia will probably begin treatment by

Having the child list a hierarchy of white, fuzzy objects

The psychologists who first developed encounter groups and sensitivity-training groups based their work on which of the following approaches to therapy?

Humanistic

Which of the following assessment tools is LEAST likely to be used by a psychoanalytically oriented psychologist?

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory

Dan always returns after leaving home to see if he locked the door. He always locks the door, but he thinks about whether or not he locked the door until he has checked. Dan's behavior is an example of:

Obsessive-compulsive disorder

An individual survives a period of captivity and exhibits behaviors that include anxiety, inability to concentrate, depression, edginess, and the re-experience of stressful events. These symptoms illustrate which of the following disorders?

Posttraumatic stress

The basic purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to

Provide a set of diagnostic categories for classifying psychological disorders

Which of the following psychoactive drugs works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin?

Prozac

The phenomenon of transference is a recognized component of which therapeutic treatments?

Psychoanalysis

Dr. Williams is a therapist who believes that his client's depression is caused by internalized anger and other intrapsychic conflicts. Of which psychological perspectives is Dr. Williams most likely proponent?

Psychoanalytic

Which of the following forms of therapy most likely involves a confrontational atmosphere between the therapist and the client?

Rational-emotive therapy

Behavior emphasize what in their treatment of clients?

Responses that have been reinforced in the past

Which of the following is typically cited as a characteristic of autistic children?

Severely impaired interpersonal communication

A college student experiences a loss of sensation in her right arm before exams. Doctors can find no psychological basis for her condition. This student is most likely experiencing which of the following kinds of disorders?

Somatoform

Which behavior therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?

Systematic desensitization

Which of the following best characterizes individuals diagnosed as having personality disorders?

They may function reasonably well in society

Which is true of persons with schizophrenia?

They typically experience onset in late adolescence or early adulthood

An individual who see and feels imaginary spiders crawling on his arms and legs is experiencing

a hallucination

Which of the following is a characteristic common to all individuals with a narcissistic personality disorder?

an unwarranted sense of self importance

Which therapeutic approach is most likely to be criticized because it does not treat the underlying cause of the disorder?

behavioral

Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of

clinical depression

A man who experiences sudden blindness on witnessing the death of his wife is probably suffering from a

conversion disorder

The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to help clients

correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives

The release of those with mental disorders from enatal hospitals for the purpose of treating them at their home communities is called

deinstitutionalization

Although it can produce undesirable side effects, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been shown to be most effective in the treatment of:

depression

One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain?

dopamine

Which of the following has been most effective in the treatment of schizophrenia?

drug therapy that blocks neurotransmitter sites

Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT

due to inappropriate child-rearing practices

Contemporary definitions of abnormality might include all of the following criteria EXCEPT

gender

The overall purpose of psychoanalytic therapy is to

help the client in therapy gain new insight into himself or herself

A somatoform disorder is best described as an illness that

is physical in nature and caused by psychological factors

Prozac functions as an anitdepressent medication because

it blocks the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin

Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and

lithium carbonate

The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from

maladaptive interpretations of life events

Persistent repetitive thoughts that cannot be controlled are known as

obsessions

Hypnosis has been found useful in the treatment of

pain

Distrust of others is a symptomatic of

paranoia

Learned helplessness is most likely to result when

responses have no effect on the environment

According to the psychoanalytic view, depression is caused by

unresolved experiences of loss from childhood