AP Meyers Psych Disorders/Treatments Review
Kevin laughs when others are injured by his thoughtless pranks and shows little regard for the feeling or well-being of others. He has been in trouble with the police and other authority figures a number of times. Which disorder would best describe Kevin's behavior?
Antisocial personality disorder
Which of the following best represents a humanistic explanation for an anxiety disorder?
Anxiety results when an individual experiences a gap between his ideal self and his real self.
If a man who is a heavy smoker is given an electric shock every time he takes a puff on a cigarette, which of the following behavior modification techniques is being used?
Aversive conditioning
Aversion therapy to eliminate undesirable behaviors is most likely used by which of the following types of therapists?
Behavioral
Rhoda sometimes experiences periods of major depression. At other times, she is extremely talkative and active, appears to be in a euphoric mood, goes days without sleeping, and reports that her thoughts are racing. The most likely diagnosis of Rhoda's condition is:
Bipolar Disorder
In the treatment of patients, which of the following psychologists made no attempt to offer formal diagnosis, advice, or interpretation of patients unconscious motives?
Carl Rogers
The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR) includes which of the following?
Classification and diagnosis of each type of mental disorder
Aaron Beck suggested that negative beliefs cause depression. To help change these negative beliefs Beck used which of the following therapies?
Cognitive
Janet believes her brother Ralph is depressed because he has a distorted view of reality: he has unrealistically negative thoughts. Which of the following theories comes closest to describing Janet's orientation to abnormal behavior?
Cognitive
A therapist who helps a client replace irrational thoughts with alternative patterns of thinking is using which of the following techniques?
Cognitive restructuring
In rational-emotive therapy, the therapist helps clients by
Confronting clients with their faulty logic
Which is most characteristic of individuals with chronic schizophrenia?
Disordered thinking
A person leaves her current home, moves to a new location, takes on a new identity, and has little or no memory of her former life. According to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV-TR), which of the following diagnoses is most appropriate?
Dissociative fugue
Which of the following is associated with schizophrenia?
Enlarged, fluid-filled areas in the brain
A therapist who uses systematic desensitization to help a child overcome a white rabbit phobia will probably begin treatment by
Having the child list a hierarchy of white, fuzzy objects
The psychologists who first developed encounter groups and sensitivity-training groups based their work on which of the following approaches to therapy?
Humanistic
Which of the following assessment tools is LEAST likely to be used by a psychoanalytically oriented psychologist?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Dan always returns after leaving home to see if he locked the door. He always locks the door, but he thinks about whether or not he locked the door until he has checked. Dan's behavior is an example of:
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
An individual survives a period of captivity and exhibits behaviors that include anxiety, inability to concentrate, depression, edginess, and the re-experience of stressful events. These symptoms illustrate which of the following disorders?
Posttraumatic stress
The basic purpose of the DSM-IV-TR is to
Provide a set of diagnostic categories for classifying psychological disorders
Which of the following psychoactive drugs works by inhibiting the reuptake of serotonin?
Prozac
The phenomenon of transference is a recognized component of which therapeutic treatments?
Psychoanalysis
Dr. Williams is a therapist who believes that his client's depression is caused by internalized anger and other intrapsychic conflicts. Of which psychological perspectives is Dr. Williams most likely proponent?
Psychoanalytic
Which of the following forms of therapy most likely involves a confrontational atmosphere between the therapist and the client?
Rational-emotive therapy
Behavior emphasize what in their treatment of clients?
Responses that have been reinforced in the past
Which of the following is typically cited as a characteristic of autistic children?
Severely impaired interpersonal communication
A college student experiences a loss of sensation in her right arm before exams. Doctors can find no psychological basis for her condition. This student is most likely experiencing which of the following kinds of disorders?
Somatoform
Which behavior therapy techniques is typically used to reduce fear of heights?
Systematic desensitization
Which of the following best characterizes individuals diagnosed as having personality disorders?
They may function reasonably well in society
Which is true of persons with schizophrenia?
They typically experience onset in late adolescence or early adulthood
An individual who see and feels imaginary spiders crawling on his arms and legs is experiencing
a hallucination
Which of the following is a characteristic common to all individuals with a narcissistic personality disorder?
an unwarranted sense of self importance
Which therapeutic approach is most likely to be criticized because it does not treat the underlying cause of the disorder?
behavioral
Electroconvulsive therapy has been most successful in the treatment of
clinical depression
A man who experiences sudden blindness on witnessing the death of his wife is probably suffering from a
conversion disorder
The goal of rational-emotive therapy is to help clients
correct self-defeating thoughts about their lives
The release of those with mental disorders from enatal hospitals for the purpose of treating them at their home communities is called
deinstitutionalization
Although it can produce undesirable side effects, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) has been shown to be most effective in the treatment of:
depression
One suspected cause of schizophrenia is the abnormal increase of which of the following neurotransmitters in the brain?
dopamine
Which of the following has been most effective in the treatment of schizophrenia?
drug therapy that blocks neurotransmitter sites
Contemporary definitions of abnormal behavior typically characterize such behavior as all of the following EXCEPT
due to inappropriate child-rearing practices
Contemporary definitions of abnormality might include all of the following criteria EXCEPT
gender
The overall purpose of psychoanalytic therapy is to
help the client in therapy gain new insight into himself or herself
A somatoform disorder is best described as an illness that
is physical in nature and caused by psychological factors
Prozac functions as an anitdepressent medication because
it blocks the reuptake of the neurotransmitter serotonin
Bipolar disorders are most effectively treated with a combination of tricyclic antidepressants and
lithium carbonate
The cognitive theory of depression states that depression results from
maladaptive interpretations of life events
Persistent repetitive thoughts that cannot be controlled are known as
obsessions
Hypnosis has been found useful in the treatment of
pain
Distrust of others is a symptomatic of
paranoia
Learned helplessness is most likely to result when
responses have no effect on the environment
According to the psychoanalytic view, depression is caused by
unresolved experiences of loss from childhood