AP Psych Modules Unit 3 Quizzes and AP Classroom Questions

d. the cocktail party phenomenon

Orville is talking with his friends at a cafeteria table when suddenly he is distracted by hearing his name at a neighboring table. Orville's shift of attention most clearly illustrates which psychological concept? a. inattentional blindness b. Gestalt psychology c. the phi phenomenon d. the cocktail party phenomenon e. stimulus desensitization

false

People given glasses that shift the world slightly to the left or right, or even upside down experience sensory adaption. T/F

b. opposing-process theory of color vision

The theory that opposing retinal processes enable color vision is called the a. trichromatic theory of color vision b. opposing-process theory of color vision c. Weber's law d. psychophysics

true

The theory that the retina contains three different color receptors; red, green, and blue can produce the perception of color is the trichromatic theory. T/F

true

The three small bones of the eat are located in the middle ear. T/F

false

The threshold of hearing is 60 decibels. T/F

a. retinal disparity

The view from Timothy's left eye is lightly different from the view from his right eye. This is due to which depth cue? a. retinal disparity b. relative size c. linear perspective d. convergence

rods

retinal receptors that detect black, white, and gray

cones

retinal receptors that detect fine detail and color

perception

the process of organizing and interpreting sensory information

parallel processing

the processing of many aspect of a stimulus simultaneously; motion, form, depth, color

audition

the sense or act of hearing

false

Sensorineural hearing loss results from damage to the mechanical system that transmits sound waves to the cochlea. T/F

false

The process of converting one form of energy into a neural signal, or one your brain can use is called sensation.

a. The researcher follows the same group of people over the course of 40 years. The researcher also measures the number of the people's taste buds throughout the 40 years. The researcher finds that as people grow older, their sense of taste diminishes and their number of taste buds decreases.

A researcher wants to study the human sense of taste over a life span. The researcher has a group of participants taste foods that are salty, bitter, sweet, sour, and umami. Which study would best allow the researcher to test the sensation of taste as people age, and what is the likely outcome? a. The researcher follows the same group of people over the course of 40 years. The researcher also measures the number of the people's taste buds throughout the 40 years. The researcher finds that as people grow older, their sense of taste diminishes and their number of taste buds decreases. b. The researcher follows the same group of people over the course of 40 years. The researcher also measures the number of the people's taste buds throughout the 40 years. The researcher finds that as people grow older, their sense of taste remains the same because as their number of taste buds decreases, each taste bud becomes more sensitive. c. The researcher tests a group of 50 ten to twenty-five year olds, 50 twenty-six to fifty year olds, and 50 fifty-one to seventy-five year olds at the same time. The researcher also measures the number of the people's taste buds for each group. The researcher finds that as people grow older, their sense of taste diminishes and their number of taste buds decreases. d. The researcher tests a group of 50 ten to twenty-five year olds, 50 twenty-six to fifty year olds, and 50 fifty-one to seventy-five year olds. The researcher also measures the number of the people's taste buds for each group. The researcher finds that as people grow older, their sense of taste remains the same because as their number of taste buds decreases, each taste bud becomes more sensitive. e. The researcher tests a group of 50 ten to twenty-five year olds, 50 twenty-six to fifty year olds, and 50 fifty-one to seventy-five year olds. The researcher also measures the number of the people's taste buds for each group. The researcher finds that as people grow older, their sense of taste remains the same because as their number of taste buds increases, each taste bud becomes less sensitive.

c. the spinal cord

According to the gate control theory of pain, which of the following contains a neurological gate that controls the transmission of pain messages to the brain? a. nerve cells b. skin tissues c. the spinal cord d. nociceptors e. muscles and organs

d. Top-down processing, because his perception of the duck was influenced by past experience.

Bryan perceived a duck instead of other animals when viewing an ambiguous image because he watched a documentary about ducks the previous night. Which of the following best explains why Bryan perceived a duck? a. Bottom-up processing, because he constructed the image of the duck piece by piece, starting with his sensory receptors. b. Bottom-up processing, because his perception of the duck was influenced by past experience. c. Top-down processing, because he constructed the image of the duck piece by piece, starting with his sensory receptors. d. Top-down processing, because his perception of the duck was influenced by past experience. e. Color constancy, because his perception of the duck was not affected by different illuminations.

a. Sound messages fail to be transmitted directly to the brain.

Denise has damaged her auditory nerve and now has difficulty understanding what people are saying. Which of the following descriptions explains how that damage impairs her hearing? a. Sound messages fail to be transmitted directly to the brain. b. The hair cells fail to vibrate sufficiently to transmit the message. c. The ear components fail to amplify the sound to render it sufficiently detectable. d. The brain receives the sound message, but it is unable to process the sound. e. Sound vibrations are not strong enough to stimulate middle-ear activity.

true

Depth perception is our ability to see objects in three dimensions and judge distance. T/F

b. Correlational; the sensitivity of supertasters

Dr. Ramen recruited 100 adults to participate in her study. The taste buds of each participant were measured, and the participants tasted a number of foods. She found there was a relationship between the size of a participant's taste buds and the number of foods that a participant could taste. What research method did Dr. Ramen use, and what was she most likely studying? a. Correlational; sensitivity to the taste of umami b. Correlational; the sensitivity of supertasters c. Correlational; sensitivity to the taste of salt d. Experimental; sensitivity to the taste of umami e. Experimental; the sensitivity of supertasters

a. Perceptual Set

Helena did not recognize her English teacher when she unexpectedly saw him while traveling in Paris, even though she knew him well back in the classroom. The fact that Helena can recognize her teacher back home more easily than in Paris best demonstrates what concept? a. Perceptual Set b. Change Blindness c. Synesthesia d. Functional Fixedness e. Extrasensory Perception

e. Pressure, warmth, cold, pain

Human tactile sense is actually a mix of which of the following distinct skin senses? a. Pressure, warmth, tickle, pain b. Warmth, cold, wet, dry c. Pressure, pain, wet, dry d. Pressure, pain, tickle, wet e. Pressure, warmth, cold, pain

false

Humans can see all wavelengths of light on the spectrum. T/F

d. Place disks soaked in MSG on the participants' tongues. Then replace those disks with disks that have been soaked in water. Compare the participants' reactions.

In a study on taste, what would researchers need to do to test participants' ability to distinguish umami from similar sensations? a. Blindfold the participants and ask them to distinguish between the smell of pork and the smell of a lemon. b. Blindfold the participants and ask them to distinguish between the smell of a rose and the smell of a honeysuckle. c. Blindfold the participants and ask them to distinguish between the taste of pork broth and the taste of beef broth. d. Place disks soaked in MSG on the participants' tongues. Then replace those disks with disks that have been soaked in water. Compare the participants' reactions. e. Place disks soaked in lemon juice on the participants' tongues. Then replace those disks with disks that have been soaked in water. Compare the participants' reactions.

d. Depth Perception

Kimmie stood on the sidewalk rather than crossing the street because she saw that the approaching car was quite close to her. Which of the following concepts is best illustrated in this example? a. Gestalt b. Figure-Ground Relationship c. Closure d. Depth Perception e. Color Constancy

a. She will have trouble locating the source of sounds.

Marlene had an infection that led to deafness in her left ear. Which of the following will be the most likely impact of losing her hearing in her left ear? a. She will have trouble locating the source of sounds. b. She will not be able to hear high pitches. c. She will show less activity in her left temporal lobe. d. She will not be able to detect harmony in music. e. Her hearing overall will improve.

true

Sensory adaption is the lessened sensitivity to a constant sensory stimulation. T/F

false

The cocktail party effect is an example of inattentional blindness. T/F

c. biopsychosocial approach

The perception of pain as the sum of biological, psychological and social-cultural influences is an example of a. behavioral approach b. cognitive approach c. biopsychosocial approach d. none of the above

d. transduction

The process by which rods and cones change electromagnetic energy into neural messages is called a. adaption b. accomodation c. parallel processing d. transduction

b. difference threshold

The smallest difference a person can detect between two stimuli 50% of the time is called a. absolute threshold b. difference threshold c. subliminal d. priming

b. the cochlea

Tracey was in pain from an ear infection, which her doctor said was in her inner ear. Which of the following is the most likely location of the infection? a. the pinna b. the cochlea c. the eardrum d. the anvil e. the hammer

e. sensory adaption

Which of the following concepts refers to the diminished sensitivity to a stimulus that occurs due to constant exposure to that stimulus? a. perceptual set b. difference threshold c. absolute threshold d. transduction e. sensory adaption

b. perceptual set

What do we call the mental predisposition that influences what we perceive? a. context effect b. perceptual set c. extrasensory perception d. motivation

b. parapsychology

What is the field of study that researches claims of ESP? a. cognitive psychology b. parapsychology c. educational psychology d. parallel psychology

a. semicircular canals

Which of the following anatomical structures is involved in the vestibular sense? a. semicircular canals b. olfactory bulb c. nociceptors d. taste buds e. retinas

c. Grant has more difficulty recognizing a penguin as a bird than he does a blue jay.

Which of the following best illustrates the most predictable effect of schemas on perception? a. Roberto sees trees that are higher up in a painting as being farther away than lower trees. b. Lindsey recognizes that her shirt's color has not changed in the dim light, even though the color is less brilliant. c. Grant has more difficulty recognizing a penguin as a bird than he does a blue jay. d. Doris sees a shape as a five-pointed star, even though one of the points is blocked from her vision. e. Erick has more difficulty understanding a speech made by someone with a British accent than by someone with an American accent.

c. Because the chair partially obscured his view of the sofa, Brendan perceived the chair as being closer than the sofa.

Which of the following examples best illustrates the concept of interposition? a. Because the tree was higher than the bush in Jane's field of vision, she perceived the tree as being farther away than the bush. b. Because Miranda stared at the burger restaurant sign as she drove by it, the restaurant behind the sign looked like it was moving backward. c. Because the chair partially obscured his view of the sofa, Brendan perceived the chair as being closer than the sofa. d. Because the train tracks had a large angle of convergence, Miko perceived them to go quite far into the distance. e. Because all of the zucchini she had seen in the past were green, Candice continued to perceive a zucchini held under a black light as green.

d. telepathy

Which of the following is an example of extrasensory perception (ESP)? a. transduction b. signal detection theory c. priming d. telepathy

c. hearing

Which of the following is most closely associated with hair like receptors in the semicircular canals? a. body position b. smell c. hearing d. pain

a. The lowest strength of a stimulus that a person can detect 50% of the time

Which of the following is the best definition for absolute threshold? a. The lowest strength of a stimulus that a person can detect 50% of the time b. The highest strength of a stimulus that a person can detect 50% of the time c. The smallest change between two stimuli that a person can detect d. The largest change between two stimuli that a person can detect e. The difference between two stimuli that can be detected 50% of the time

b. Retina, optic nerve, thalamus, occipital lobe

Which of the following is the correct order of the eye-to-brain pathway of vision? a. Retina, thalamus, optic nerve, occipital lobe b. Retina, optic nerve, thalamus, occipital lobe c. Optic nerve, retina, thalamus, occipital lobe d. Occipital lobe, retina, optic nerve, thalamus e. Optic nerve, thalamus, occipital lobe, retina

b. sensation

Which of the following is the process of detecting environmental stimuli and converting them into signals that can be detected by the nervous system? a. perception b. sensation c. top-down processing d. difference threshold e. false alarm

c. dizziness and a loss of balance

Which of the following might result from a disruption of your vestibular sense? a. inability to detect position of your arm without looking at it b. loss of ability to detect bitter tastes c. dizziness and a loss of balance d. loss of color vision

c. Kayla sees afterimages of opposing colors when she stares at a poster for a long time.

Which of the following scenarios best illustrates the opponent-process theory of color vision? a. Manuel sees the color yellow when the E note is played. b. Conrad can identify specific features in his environment, such as color. c. Kayla sees afterimages of opposing colors when she stares at a poster for a long time. d. Randy is able to process many aspects of a visual scene simultaneously. e. Russell is able to differentiate between dark green and light green.

d. Anastasia sees swirls of color when she hears music because stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to the experience of another sensation.

Which of the following scenarios is the best example of synesthesia? a. Susie sees afterimages of opposing colors when she stares at a poster for a long time because light that stimulates one half of an organized pair of cones inhibits the other half. b. Kara sees afterimages of opposing colors when she stares at a poster for a long time because the optic nerve sends impulses to the occipital lobe. c. Manuel sees swirls of color when he hears music because his retina contains three types of color receptors. d. Anastasia sees swirls of color when she hears music because stimulation of one sensory pathway leads to the experience of another sensation. e. Rufus sees swirls of color when he hears music because only his cones are stimulated.

synesthesia

a condition in which two unrelated sensory pathways are activated simultaneously

visual cliff

a device used for testing depth perception in infants and young animals

Gestalt

an organized whole

perceptual constancy

allows us to perceive objects as unchanging despite the changing image they cast on our retina; changes in size, shape, color

subliminal

below one's absolute threshold

top-down processing

concept-driven; constructs perceptions from sensory input by drawing on out experience and expectation

monocular cues

depth cues such as interposition, relative height, and linear perspective

binocular cues

depth cues that depend on the use of both eyes; such as retinal disparity

place theory

links the pitch we hear with the place where the cochlea's membrane is stimulated

frequency theory

links the rate of nerve impulses traveling up the auditory nerve matches the frequency of a tone, this enabling the sense us to sense its pitch

absolute threshold

minimum stimulation needed to detect a stimulus 50% of the time

figure-ground

organization of a stimulus that stand out from its surroundings

bottom-up processing

starts at the sensory receptor level and works up to higher levels of processing

ESP

the controversial idea that perception can occur without sensory input; includes telepathy, clairvoyance, and precognition

kinesthesia

the system for sensing the position and movement of individual body parts