AP Psych Unit 14

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self-fulfilling prophecy

an individual's expectations about another person or entity eventually result in the other person or entity acting in ways that confirm the expectations

The fact that human aggression varies widely from culture to culture most strongly suggests that it is NOT

an unlearned instinct

Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that

animals can be bred for aggressiveness

The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because

arousal encourages performance of the most likely response

Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to

cognitive dissonance

Masked bandits might be more likely than unmasked bandits to physically injure their victims due to

deindividuation

Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines

even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect

People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrate the subtle nature of

implicit attitudes

social facilitation

improvement or decrease in an individual performance when working with other people rather than alone

College students judged an averaged, composite face as

more attractive than most individual faces because the averaged face was more symmetrical

the chameleon effect

nonconscious mimicry of the behaviors of one's interaction partners

the mere exposure effect

people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them

A dispositional attribution is to ________ as a situational attribution is to ________.

personality traits; assigned roles

The mere exposure effect most directly contributes to the positive relationship between ________ and liking.

proximity

Two social norms that influence altruistic behavior are

reciprocity and social responsibility

Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior

reflected her personal disposition

University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates

social loafing

Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to cheat on his income tax returns?

someone who positively values paying their full income tax

If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates

the chameleon effect

normative social influence

the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them

deindivualization

the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity

Participants in a voter preference study favored the presidential candidate whose face blended some of their own facial features with those of the candidate. This best illustrates the impact of

the mere exposure effect

social loafing

the phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone.

group polarization

the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members.

In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the ______ or the demands of the ______.

"learner"; experimenter

In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "learner"

complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock

Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to study

conformity


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