AP Psych Unit 14
self-fulfilling prophecy
an individual's expectations about another person or entity eventually result in the other person or entity acting in ways that confirm the expectations
The fact that human aggression varies widely from culture to culture most strongly suggests that it is NOT
an unlearned instinct
Research on the biology of aggression has clearly demonstrated that
animals can be bred for aggressiveness
The presence of others does not always lead to social facilitation because
arousal encourages performance of the most likely response
Feeling responsible for behavior that violates our conscience is most likely to contribute to
cognitive dissonance
Masked bandits might be more likely than unmasked bandits to physically injure their victims due to
deindividuation
Solomon Asch reported that individuals conformed to a group's judgment of the lengths of lines
even when the group judgment was clearly incorrect
People may unconsciously harbor negative racial associations. This best illustrate the subtle nature of
implicit attitudes
social facilitation
improvement or decrease in an individual performance when working with other people rather than alone
College students judged an averaged, composite face as
more attractive than most individual faces because the averaged face was more symmetrical
the chameleon effect
nonconscious mimicry of the behaviors of one's interaction partners
the mere exposure effect
people tend to develop a preference for things merely because they are familiar with them
A dispositional attribution is to ________ as a situational attribution is to ________.
personality traits; assigned roles
The mere exposure effect most directly contributes to the positive relationship between ________ and liking.
proximity
Two social norms that influence altruistic behavior are
reciprocity and social responsibility
Students who were told that a young woman had been instructed to act in a very unfriendly way for the purposes of the experiment concluded that her behavior
reflected her personal disposition
University students were observed to pull harder on a rope when they thought they were pulling alone than when they thought three others were pulling with them on the same rope. This best illustrates
social loafing
Which of the following individuals is LEAST likely to cheat on his income tax returns?
someone who positively values paying their full income tax
If one student in a classroom begins to cough, others are likely to do the same. This best illustrates
the chameleon effect
normative social influence
the influence of other people that leads us to conform in order to be liked and accepted by them
deindivualization
the loss of self-awareness and self-restraint occurring in group situations that foster arousal and anonymity
Participants in a voter preference study favored the presidential candidate whose face blended some of their own facial features with those of the candidate. This best illustrates the impact of
the mere exposure effect
social loafing
the phenomenon of a person exerting less effort to achieve a goal when they work in a group than when they work alone.
group polarization
the tendency for a group to make decisions that are more extreme than the initial inclination of its members.
In Milgram's experiments, participants were torn between whether they should respond to the pleas of the ______ or the demands of the ______.
"learner"; experimenter
In Milgram's first study of obedience, the majority of "teachers" who were ordered to shock a "learner"
complied fully and delivered the highest level of shock
Solomon Asch asked people to identify which of three comparison lines was identical to a standard line. His research was designed to study
conformity