AP Psychology - Unit 5

The human sleep cycle repeats itself about every

90 minutes

Which of the following is most accurate about a typical night's sleep?

As sleep progresses, NREM-3 sleep diminishes while REM sleep increases

Which of the following is evidence for cultural influences on sleep patterns?

People in countries without electric lights generally sleep longer

How did the definition of psychology change when behaviorism began to dominate the field?

Psychology centered on direct observation of our actions

After Carlos had been asleep for about an hour and a half, his heart began to beat faster, his breathing became fast and irregular, and his closed eyes began to dart back and forth. Carlos was most likely experiencing

REM sleep

At 3 in the morning, John has already slept for 4 hours. As long as his sleep continues, we can expect an increasing occurance of

REM sleep

Fast and jerky movements of the eyes are especially likely to be associated with

REM sleep

Genital arousal is most likely to be associated with

REM sleep

Paradoxical sleep is to slow wave sleep as ______ sleep is to ______ sleep.

REM; NREM-3

Which of the following is true of "hypothetically refreshed" memories?

They combine fact and fiction

Daniel Kahneman ad his colleagues found that the daily moods of working women were heavily influences by

a good nights sleep

Circadian rhythm refers to

a pattern of biological functioning that occurs on a roughly 24-hr cycle.

Alpha waves are associated with

a relaxed but awake state

22-year-old Felicia scores a high in hypnotic responsiveness as measured by the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale. Research suggests that Felicia ay also have

a rich fantasy life

Dissociation refers to

a state of divided consciousness

28-year-old Theodore has an irrational fear of dogs. His therapist hypnotizes him and asks him to mentally relive his earliest childhood experience with a dog. The therapist is making use of

age regression

Under hypnosis, Mrs. Mohammed is encouraged by her therapist to vividly experience and describe the details of an argument she had with her father when she was a child. The therapist is using a technique called

age regression

In one study, both hypnotized and unhypnotized subjects were told to throw acid in a researcher's face. In this experiment, hypnotized people

behave in the same fashion as unhypnotized individuals

The school of thought in psychology that systematically avoided the study of consciousness during the first half of the last century was

behaviorism

Those who emphasize that mood fluctuations may be indicative of seasonal affective disorder are highlighting the importance of

biological rhythms

To move beyond the "hypnosis is social influence" vs. "hypnosis is divided consciousness" debate, today's hypnosis researchers are using a unified ____________ approach

biopsychosocial

Understanding hypnosis in terms of focused attention, distinctive brain activity, and an authoritative presence in a legitimate context requires an integrated ________ approach

biopsychosocial

After flying from California to New York, Arthur experienced a restless, sleepless night. His problem was most likely caused by a disruption of his normal

circadian rhythm

After four years of working nights, Raymond now works days. His present difficulty in getting to sleep at night is most likely due to a disruption of his normal

circadian rhythm

Cindi prefers to take exams in the late afternoon rather than during the morning, because her energy level and ability to concentrate are better at that time. Her experience most likely reflects the influence of the

circadian rhythm

Our inability to fall asleep early as we had planned is most likely a reflection of

circadian rhythm

With the approach of night, our body temperatures begin to drop. This best illustrates the dynamics of the

circadian rhythm

Until reading this question you were unaware that your shoes are pressing against your feet. This focusing of your conscious attention, or selective attention, illustrates that

conscious awareness is one part of the dual processing that occurs in our two-track minds

People become unresponsive to hypnosis if told that those who are highly gullible are easily hypnotized. This fact is most consistent with the theory that hypnosis involves

conscious role-playing

The large, slow brain waves associated with deep sleep are caled

delta waves

Sleep deprivation has been shown to

diminish immunity to disease

A split in consciousness in which some thoughts occur simultaneously with and yet seperately from other thoughts is called

dissociation

People hypnotized for pain relief may show activity in brain areas that receive pain sensations but not in brain areas that make us consciously aware of the pain. This most directly supports the theory that hypnosis involves

dissociation

The divided consciousness theory of hypnosis states that hypnosis involved

dissociation

Evidence that people in a posthypnotic state have no difficulty remembering everything they had learned while under hypnosis would most clearly serve to challenge

dissociation theory

One plausible theory suggests that hypnosis relieves pain by

distracting attention

Three hours after going to sleep, Shoshanna's heart rate increases, her breathing becomes more rapid, and her eyes move rapidly under her closed lids. Research suggests that Shoshanna is

dreaming

Research has indicated that hypnosis

enables some people to undergo surgery with only a local anesthesia

The impact of circadian rhythms is best illustrated by

fluctuations in energy level and alertness across the span of a day

Bats need a lot of sleep bc their high waking metabolism produces _____ that are toxic to neurons

free radicals

Some people function well with fewer than 6 hours of sleep per night, while others need 9 hours or more. Such differences in individual sleep patterns suggests that

genetics makes a difference in how much sleep we need and get

Which of the following typically occurs during REM sleep?

genital arousal

Sensory experiences that occur without a sensory stimulus are called

hallucinations

After sleeping for about an hour and a half, José enters a phase of paradoxical sleep. He is likely to

have very relaxed muscles

Hypnosis involves a state of

heightened openness to suggestion

Ernest Hilgard suggested that participants felt little pain when their arms were lowered into ice baths because

hypnosis dissociates the pain sensation form the emotional suffering that people expect from pain

Advocates of the social influence theory of hypnosis are likely to argue that

hypnotized people are simply enacting the role of good hypnotic subjects

Traffic accident rates have been found to ________ after the spring change to daylight savings time and to ________ after the fall change back to standard time.

increase; decrease

When light strikes the retina, it signals the suprachiasmatic nucleus to alter ______ production by the pineal gland

melatonin

By 1960, the study of consciousness had been revived by psychologists' renewed interest in

mental processes

Chronic sleep debt is most likely to promote

obesity

Research indicates that memories retrieved during hypnosis are

often a combination of fact and fiction

Consciousness is

our awareness of ourselves and our environment

REM sleep is also called paradoxical sleep because

our nervous system is highly active, while our voluntary muscles hardly move

Deep sleep appears to play an important role in

physical growth

Just prior to awakening Chinua from a hypnotic state, the therapist told him that during the next few days, he would feel nauseous whenever he reached for a cigarette. Chinua's therapist was attempting to make use of

posthypnotic suggestion

While Bev was hypnotized, her therapist suggested that during the next several days she would have a strong desire to eat well-balanced meals. The therapist was apparently making use of

posthypnotic suggestion

Hypnotically age-regressed people

provide accurate and details information about childhood events

When subjected to a painful medical procedure without the benefit of an anesthetic, a hypnotized person is most likely to

show physiological activation of the sensory cortex

Resarch on sleep patterns indicates that

sleep patterns may be genetically influenced

The rhythmic bursts of brain activity that occur during NREM-2 sleep are called

sleep spindles

The claim that hypnotic phenomena are regulated by normal conscious process is associated with the theory that hypnosis reflects the power of

social influence

Hypnotized people are no more likely to perform dangerous acts than those who are asked to simulate hypnosis. This fact is most consistent with

social influence theory

Compared with when they were only 20 years old, 60 year olds

spend less time in deep sleep

People are particularly responsive to hypnosis if they

strongly expect that they can be hypnotized

The circadian rhythm is influenced by light-sensitive retinal proteins that trigger signals to the

suprachiasmatic nucleus

Hypnotized participants asked to lower their arm into an ice bath exhibited no pain when given that suggestion. Psychologists supporting the social influence theory would suggest that

the participant was caught up in playing the role of a "good hypnotic subject" and ignored the pain

When people are experiencing vivid dreams

their eyes are likely to move under their closed eyelids

Researchers have demonstrated that hypnosis can be useful in

treating obesity

Terry has not had a decent night of sleep in over a week. If this sleep deprivation continues, he will become increasingly susceptible to

viral infection

Margie insists that she never dreams, but her sister feels she can prove otherwise. To prove that Margie does dream, the sister should

wake Margie after 5 minutes of REM sleep and ask her what she's dreaming

Forty-year-old Lance insists that he never dreams. Research suggests that he probably

would report a vivid dream if he were awakened during REM sleep

How is the hypothalamus involved in sleep?

In response to decreasing light the hypothalamus' suprachiastmatic nucleus causes the pineal gland to increase production of melatonin, leading you to sleep.

Which of the following is true of melatonin?

It is a sleep hormone released by the pineal gland into the bloodstream.

The brain waves associated with REM sleep are most similar to those of

NREM-1 sleep

The hypnagogic sensations of falling or floating are most likely to occur during which sleep stage?

NREM-1 sleep

Sleep talking may occur during

NREM-3 sleep