AP Psychology Unit 5

Endocrine System

glands

Amygdala

Robert suffered from encephalitis (a brain infection). As time progressed, he could no longer recognize fearful faces.

CENTRAL Nervous System

brain and spinal cord

Which of the following statements concerning sleep is valid?

Individuals do not typically act out their dreams.

Treated through the use of GABA/melatonin mimicking drugs.

Insomnia

Barbiturate

Depressant

Opiates

Depressant

Ecstasy

Hallucinogen

Sympathetic Nervous System

("Fight or Flight")

Parasympathetic Nervous System

("Rest and Digest")

Hallucinogen

A drug that distorts perception, thought, and mood

Stimulant

A drug that increases the action of the central nervous system, the heart, and other organs

Depressant

A drug that slows brain and body reactions

Medulla

A gun is fired and the bullet enters the brain. Breathing and heartbeat stop almost immediately. Where is the bullet?

Serotonin (Senerio)

A neurotransmitter that affects hunger,sleep, arousal, and mood.

cat using right hand

A split-brain patient has a picture of a dog flashed to his right hemisphere and a cat to his left hemisphere. He will be able to identify

GABA (Senerio)

After a long and stressful day, William is able to calm down and relax.

Dopamine (Senerio)

After receiving an award for outstanding community service, Rebecca enjoys a sudden rush of happiness.

Acetylcholine (Senerio)

As he continues to age, Paul has been unable to remember the names of old coworkers.

Prefrontal cortex

Brett was a superior student and had a full scholarship, but following a head injury he can no longer plan, organize or follow through with tasks necessary for school. Which lobe did he injure?

Glutamate (Senerio)

Charlotte is able to brainstorm ideas for a creative thesis statement for an upcoming essay.

frontal lobe function

Contains Broca's Area, motor cortex and prefrontal cortex

Synaptic Vesicles

Contains neurotransmitters while the neuron is in resting potential. During action potential, will release the neurotransmitters into the synapse in order to stimulate the postsynaptic neuron.

parietal lobe function

Contains somatosensory cortex

Alcohol

Depressant

The theory that states dreams represent wish fulfillment comes from which theory of dream interpretation?

Freud's theory of dream interpretation

Wernicke's Area

Grandma Mary had a stroke which impaired her ability to speak fluently although she can move all the necessary muscles. What is the most likely location of her brain damage.

LSD

Hallucinogen

Myelin Sheath

Increases the speed of communication across the axon.

Hypothalamus

Jan suffered a concussion in a car accident. Since that day she has notice a dramatic lack of appetite and an absence of thirst. She never thinks of having a drink until her lips actually dry and crack.

Pons/Reticular Formation

Julissa Gomez, a young American gymnast, unsuccessfully attempted a difficult vaulting move, and struck her head. Damage resulted in paralysis and damage to a nearby region caused her to lapse into a coma. Where is the damage that caused her coma?

What will this individual be able to DRAW with his/her RIGHT hand? (Hint: Remember - each hemisphere controls the OPPOSITE side motor movements)

LEFT hemisphere controls the RIGHT hand (movement/touch). Therefore, the RIGHT hand can ONLY draw what the LEFT hemisphere processes. As a result, the answer is "ONLY CUP."

Parietal LOBE though yes - it was specifically Somatosensory cortex (of the right side) which is located within the parietal lobe

Margie suffered damage to part of the surface of her brain after being struck by a golf club let loose by an irate golfer that had just sliced a key drive. As a result Margie has loss some sensory awareness of her left leg. Which lobe did she injure?

Spinal Cord (via spinal reflex)

NBC reporter John Hockenberry took the Corningware pan of turkey stuffing out of the fridge and heated it on the stove. When the pan and contents were sizzling hot, the special handle was still cold. John set the pan on his lap for several minutes while he stirred and served the stuffing. He never noticed the burning hot bottom of the pan producing serious 3rd degree burns of his legs. John had suffered what type of injury which inhibited his ability to immediately pull back from the hot pan?

Treated through the use of stimulants (ex. amphetamines).

Narcolepsy

Uncontrollable urges to fall asleep.

Narcolepsy

More common in children and usually only appears during NREM - 3. Symptoms often involve heightened levels of freight and arousal.

Night Terrors

What will this individual be able to SAY? (Hint: Only ONE hemisphere contains to ability to speak - therefore it is EITHER cup OR pencil BUT not both)

ONLY CUP (Left Hemisphere = Language because of Broca/Wernicke's Area

Cerebellum

On Justin's 21st birthday he & his buddies celebrated a bit too much. When the police stopped his car Justin's speech was slurred, he couldn't walk a straight line or balance on one foot. He nearly missed his face altogether when asked to touch his nose while his eyes were closed. The impaired functioning of what part of Justin's brain is responsible for these difficulties with motor coordination and balance?

Constricted bladder

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Contracted pupils

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Decreased heart rate

Parasympathetic Nervous System

Hippocampus

Paul suffered from encephalitis (a brain infection) while in college. He received good medical attention but still the infection took its toll on certain parts of his brain, so that now Paul cannot store new long-term memories.

temporal lobe function

Processes auditory sensory information

Somatosensory cortex

Processes sense of touch

occipital lobe function

Processes sense of vision

Broca Area

Produces muscle movements necessary for speaking

Motor cortex

Producing motor movements (via motor neurons)

Reuptake

Prozac, a drug commonly prescribed to treat depression, prevents the sending neuron from reabsorbing excess serotonin from the synapse. Which process does this drug prevent from taking place?

facilitating or inhibiting neural transmission at the synapse

Psychoactive substances are drugs that alter consciousness by

What will this individual be able to DRAW with his/her left hand?

RIGHT hemisphere controls the LEFT hand (movement/touch). Therefore the LEFT hand can ONLY draw what the RIGHT hemisphere processes. As a result, the answer is "ONLY PENCIL."

Prefrontal cortex

Region of high level cognitive function (ex. planning)

Terminal Buttons

Region of the neuron that contains synaptic vesicles

Axon Terminal

Region of the neuron that contains the axon and myelin sheath

Dendrites

Region of the neuron that receives information from other neurons (at its receptor sites)

Pons/reticular formation

Regulates alertness and arousal

medulla function

Regulates automatic vital function (ex. breathing)

Cerebellum function

Regulates balance and smooth movement

Wernicke Area

Responsible for language comprehension and understanding

Loud snores that routinely wake the patient up at night.

Sleep Apnea

Treated through the use of a CPAP breathing mask or surgical procedure.

Sleep Apnea

More common in children and usually only appears during NREM - 3. Symptoms often involve carrying out behaviors that are usually seen while conscious (ex. walking).

Sleepwalking/talking

Voluntarily raising your hand

Somatic Nervous System

Voluntarily standing up

Somatic Nervous System

Voluntarily walking

Somatic Nervous System

Amphetamines

Stimulant

Caffeine

Stimulant

Cocaine

Stimulant

Nicotine

Stimulant

Receptor Sites

Surface of the neuron that is sensitive to the stimulation of neurotransmitters.

Accelerated heart rate

Sympathetic Nervous System

Accelerated respiratory rate

Sympathetic Nervous System

Increased adrenaline secretion

Sympathetic Nervous System

Inhibition of bladder contraction

Sympathetic Nervous System

Pupil dilation

Sympathetic Nervous System

Release of adrenaline from the adrenal glands

Sympathetic Nervous System

threshold

The minimum level of stimulation required to trigger a neural impulse is called the

the refractory period

The time shortly after a neuron fires in which the neuron is incapable of responding to stimulation is referred to as

Norepinephrine (Senerio)

Unaware of whether or not it is only a drill, Bobby is able to remain focused and alert after the fire alarm goes off.

It increases the speed of the action potential down the axon

What function is served by the myelin sheath that may cover an axon?

resting potential

When there is a negative charge inside an axon and a positive charge outside it, the neuron is

GABA

Which neurotransmitter inhibits the central nervous system activity in order to calm a person down during stressful situations

it has an all-or-none quality: it either happens, or it does not

Which of the following most accurately describes the firing of a neuron

Endorphins (Senerio)

While running a marathon, Miley experienced an increase in the body's natural painkiller.

The information-processing theory of dreaming states that dreams

occur during REM sleep as the brain deals with daily stress and events. (Thus helping consolidate memories from the day)