AP World History - Unit 5

Which of the following was a major reason for the decline in India's share of the global manufacture of cotton textiles by the end of the nineteenth century? A) Competition from industrially produced British textiles B) Disruption of production from disputes with labor unions C) Religious opposition to capitalist modes of production D) Climate change that significantly altered the growing season

A) Competition from industrially produced British textiles

Members of which of the following groups led opposition to industrialization in both Qing China and the Ottoman Empire? A) Government officials B) Clerics C) Merchants D) Landless peasants

A) Government officials

Social Darwinism was used to justify which of the following during the nineteenth century? A) Latin American independence movements B) British colonization of India C) Russian utilization of coerced peasant labor D) Domestic reforms in Meiji Japan

B) British colonization of India

Which of the following statements is true of global migration patterns during the nineteenth century? A) Migrants were primarily women seeking employment as factory workers. B) Migrants increasingly relocated from rural areas to cities. C) Most migrants rejected their culture in favor of total assimilation. D) Most migrants traveled seasonally as agricultural laborers.

B) Migrants increasingly relocated from rural areas to cities.

"We have heard that in your own country opium is prohibited with the utmost strictness and severity—this is a strong proof that you know full well how hurtful opium is to humans. Since you do not permit it to injure your own country, you ought not to have the injurious drug transferred to another country, and above all others, not to China!" Qing government commissioner Lin Zexu to Queen Victoria of Great Britain, 1839 In the passage above, Lin Zexu is asking that the British do which of the following? A) Provide treatment for opium addicts in China B) End the concessions made to Britain during the Opium Wars C) Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China D) Prevent all foreign trade from entering China

C) Ban the sale of opium by British merchants in China

Which of the following statements is true of Latin American independence movements in the nineteenth century? A) The United States provided military and financial support to all the revolts. B) The revolts led to the elimination of racial discrimination throughout Latin America. C) Creole elites led most revolts against colonial rule. D) Slaves led a majority of the armed revolts.

C) Creole elites led most revolts against colonial rule.

Which of the following factors contributed most significantly to the contraction of the Ottoman Empire in the nineteenth century? A) Adoption of gunpowder weaponry B) The Opium Wars C) Independence movements inspired by ethnic nationalism D) The Berlin Conference of 1884 and 1885

C) Independence movements inspired by ethnic nationalism

Industrialization in Russia during the nineteenth century most closely resembled industrialization in which of the following regions? A) The United States during the American Revolution B) South America during the wars for independence from Spain C) Japan during the Meiji Restoration D) China during the Communist Revolution

C) Japan during the Meiji Restoration

In the Japanese print above of the war between China and Japan (1894-1895), the artist suggests that the: A) Chinese were brave and honorable opponents B) Chinese actively sought foreign help against the Japanese C) Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress, and military bearing D) Japanese fought by using time-honored samurai tactics and weapons

C) Japanese showed their mastery of Western technology, dress, and military bearing

"Eight hours' daily labour is enough for any human being, and under proper arrangements sufficient to afford an ample supply of food, raiment and shelter, or the necessaries and comforts of life, and for the remainder of his time, every person is entitled to education, recreation and sleep." Robert Owen, British factory owner and reformer, 1833 The excerpt above emphasizes which of the following solutions to the exploitation of industrial laborers? A) Abolition of the factory system and industrial wage labor B) Free food, housing, and other necessities for factory workers C) Radical changes to the socioeconomic structure of Europe D) Sufficient wages for factory workers to live full, comfortable lives

D) Sufficient wages for factory workers to live full, comfortable lives

Which of the following was the main factor leading to the fall of Japan's Tokugawa shogunate and the rise of the Meiji government? A) Large-scale radical peasant rebellion B) Pressure from an increasingly powerful China C) Pressure from Western powers D) Economic instability and hyperinflation

NOT D

"And God gave unto the Polish kings and knights freedom, that all might be brothers, both the richest and the poorest. The king and the men of knightly rank received into their brotherhood still more people. . . . And the number of brothers became as great as a nation, and in no nation were there so many people free and calling each other brothers as in Poland." Adam Mickiewicz, poem, 1832, about Polish uprisings against Russia in 1830 and 1831 The passage above best reflects which of the following? A) Development of nationalism B) Marxist critiques of unequal distribution of wealth C) Criticism of religion's role in public life D) Discontent with government bureaucracy

A) Development of nationalism

Which of the following was a major unintended effect of the publication of Charles Darwin's 1859 work On the Origin of Species ? A) It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples. B) It became the basis for scientific research of human development. C) It became the basis for all subsequent scientific research on species extinction. D) It provided a scientific explanation of the evolution of animals and plants.

A) It became the basis of various theories asserting that Europeans were naturally superior to other peoples.

"Americans today . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, . . . or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity, and the barriers between American provinces, designed to prevent all exchange of trade, traffic, and understanding. In short, do you wish to know what our future held?—simply the cultivation of fields . . .cattle raising . . . hunting wild game . . . mining gold." Simón Bolívar, Letter from Jamaica, 1815 In the excerpt, Bolívar expresses which of the following? A) Outrage at the effects of mercantilist policies B) Disgust with the extravagant spending of socialist governments C) Rebellion against the restrictions of feudalism D) Concern about the lack of restrictions on capital investments

A) Outrage at the effects of mercantilist policies

Which of the following distinguishes the Meiji period from earlier periods in Japanese history? A) Reform and industrialization B) Militarism and feudalism C) Democratization and manorial privilege D) Isolation and lack of foreign trade

A) Reform and industrialization

Which of the following best supports the argument that the last three decades of the nineteenth century were a turning point in world history? A) Significant increases in demand for fossil fuels for industrial uses B) Significant increases in agricultural productivity due to Green Revolution technology C) Worldwide transition from polytheism to monotheism D) Transition from use of coal and steam to nuclear power

A) Significant increases in demand for fossil fuels for industrial uses

Which of the following was a major factor that contributed to changes in family dynamics in both Great Britain and Japan during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries? A) The increased number of women in the workforce B) The migration of male indentured laborers to the Americas C) The large number of women elected to political office D) The rapid rise in the number of children working in large factories

A) The increased number of women in the workforce

The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in Great Britain was most influenced by which of the following factors? A) The location and large number of British coal deposits B) The aggressive promotion of industrialization by George III C) The amount and location of British petroleum reserves D) The spread of cotton cultivation in southern England

A) The location and large number of British coal deposits

"Americans today . . . who live within the Spanish system occupy a position in society no better than that of serfs destined for labor, or at best they have no more status than that of mere consumers. Yet even this status is surrounded with galling restrictions, such as being forbidden to grow European crops, . . . or to establish factories of a type the Peninsula itself does not possess. To this add the exclusive trading privileges, even in articles of prime necessity, and the barriers between American provinces, designed to prevent all exchange of trade, traffic, and understanding. In short, do you wish to know what our future held?—simply the cultivation of fields . . .cattle raising . . . hunting wild game . . . mining gold." Simón Bolívar, Letter from Jamaica, 1815 Bolívar's reaction to Spanish policies in the Americas is best understood in the context of which of the following? A) Plans by abolitionists to force the passage of laws ending chattel slavery and indentured servitude B) Attempts by Enlightenment thinkers to influence resistance to existing political authority C) Desire of suffragists to expand the franchise to women and the poor D) Efforts by intellectuals to critique the role that religion played in public life

B) Attempts by Enlightenment thinkers to influence resistance to existing political authority

"Liberty and justice consist of restoring all that belongs to others; thus, the only limits on the exercise of the natural rights of woman are perpetual male tyranny; these limits are to be reformed by the laws of nature and reason." Olympe de Gouges, French feminist, Declaration of the Rights of Woman and of the Female Citizen, 1791 The passage above is an example of which of the following processes occurring in the eighteenth century? A) The emergence of nationalism B) The application of Enlightenment ideas C) The formation of separatist movements D) The growth of empirical science

B) The application of Enlightenment ideas

In what way did the Haitian Revolution differ from the French Revolution? A) The French Revolution was inspired by Enlightenment ideas while the Haitian Revolution was not. B) The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution. C) The Haitian Revolution began because of unfair taxation by the French king. D) The leaders of the French Revolution wanted religious freedom while the leaders of the Haitian Revolution wanted equal representation.

B) The leaders of the Haitian Revolution came from a different social class than did the leaders of the French Revolution.

Commander Cotton's reaction to the events in Jamaica, in the notice above, might best be understood in the context of which of the following? A) The expansion of the trans-Atlantic slave trade across the Caribbean B) Growing profitability of plantation slavery in the Americas C) Mounting resistance to slavery in the Americas, reflected in challenges to imperial authority D) The waning influence of religious ideas and millenarianism in nationalist conflicts

C) Mounting resistance to slavery in the Americas, reflected in challenges to imperial authority

Which of the following best supports the view of some world historians that the eighteenth century marked a major turning point in world history? A) The beginning of European colonization of Australia and New Zealand B) The beginning of European colonization of Africa C) The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England D) The beginning of the Wahhabi movement of Islamic renewal in Arabia

C) The beginning of the Industrial Revolution in England

Which of the following best supports the argument that colonialism was responsible for the lack of economic development in Africa, Asia, and the Middle East in the late twentieth century? A) The prosperity of some newly independent states B) Corruption within the governments of former colonies C) The tendency of former colonies to export raw materials D) The presence of impoverished groups within industrialized states

C) The tendency of former colonies to export raw materials

The Meiji reforms in Japan resulted in: A) the strengthening of the power of regional lords at the expense of the emperor B) the Tokugawa shogunate's adoption of a unified civil code C) a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor D) the overthrow of the imperial system for a democratic republic

C) a shift of power away from regional lords and to the emperor

One important similarity between the American Revolution and the French Revolution is that they both: A) resulted in the abolition of class divisions in society B) resulted in the abolition of slavery C) challenged monarchical governments D) enabled women to achieve political equality with men

C) challenged monarchical governments

All of the following contributed to the rise of industrialization in western Europe and North America during the nineteenth century EXCEPT A) geographic distribution of coal and iron B) improved agricultural productivity C) increased rights for laborers D) legal protection of private property

C) increased rights for laborers

"Nobody has one exclusive sphere of activity but each can become accomplished in any branch he wishes, society regulates the general production and thus makes it possible for me to do one thing today and another tomorrow, to hunt in the morning, fish in the afternoon, raise cattle in the evening, [and] criticize after dinner." Karl Marx, German philosopher, describing his view of life in a communist society, 1846 Marx's statement in the passage above is best understood in the context of which of the following responses to the development and spread of global capitalism in the nineteenth century? A) A movement to celebrate the productive capacity of global capitalism B) A movement to articulate an alternative vision of society C) A movement to gain higher wages and shorter hours for workers D) A movement to convince workers that global capitalism would ultimately benefit them

D) A movement to convince workers that global capitalism would ultimately benefit them

A historian researching international migration patterns of the nineteenth century would find which of the following sources most useful? A) A British factory's invoices and its shipping and tax records B) The diary of a German coal miner who emigrated to Canada C) Letters from an East Asian migrant to the Caribbean to his family back home D) Census records from New York and Buenos Aires detailing the birthplaces of individuals

D) Census records from New York and Buenos Aires detailing the birthplaces of individuals

Which of the following facilitated the creation of European empires in Africa during the late nineteenth century? A) Africans' widespread acceptance of European laws B) Europeans' desire to develop industry in Africa C) Africans' unified resistance to European intervention D) Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy

D) Europeans' use of both warfare and diplomacy

"Again, another marked characteristic of the Anglo-Saxon is what may be called an instinct or genius for colonizing. His unequaled energy, his indomitable perseverance, and his personal independence, made him a pioneer. He excels all others in pushing his way into new countries." Josiah Strong, American Protestant clergyman, essay on Anglo-Saxons, 1891 The sentiments expressed in the quotation above are most supportive of which of the following concepts? A) Liberalism B) Nationalism C) Marxism D) Imperialism

D) Imperialism

"The [Qing] government sponsored a number of projects designed to bolster the navy. The idea was to adopt Western technology but not the values and philosophies that produced it—China would learn from the West, equal it, and then surpass it." Haiwang Yuan, editor, historian, This is China: The First 5,000 Years, 2010 The philosophy behind the late-nineteenth-century Chinese policy mentioned above was part of which of the following? A) The increase in millenarian movements in the nineteenth century B) The Chinese government's embrace of procolonial policies C) The increasing popularity of Communist thought in China D) The Chinese government's attempt to reform the economy through self-strengthening

D) The Chinese government's attempt to reform the economy through self-strengthening

Which of the following is a similarity between European and Asian immigrants to the Americas during the nineteenth century? A) Both rejected the cultural traditions of their homelands. B) Both were mostly from the upper and middle classes. C) Both were attracted by employment opportunities. D) Both were exclusively from minority communities in their home countries.

NOT B

Many historians have argued that by the late nineteenth century the industrialized nations of Europe had achieved global economic dominance more through force and coercion than through the superiority of their industrial products. Which of the following nineteenth-century developments would best support this contention? A) The growth of South American agricultural exports B) The abolition of slavery in the Americas C) The growth of industrial production in North America D) The decline of the Indian textile industry's share of global manufacturing

NOT C

"When one realizes the influence that the practice of physical exercises may have on the future of a country, and on the force of a whole race, one is tempted to wonder whether Greece is not likely to date a new era from the year 1896." Pierre de Coubertin, about the first modern Olympic games in Athens, Greece, 1896 Which of the following offers the best interpretation of the passage above? A) The use of sports to project national and social aspirations B) The influence of Social Darwinism among European elites C) The growth and diffusion of popular culture globally D) The development of international organizations to promote world peace

NOT D

"Whereas we, the undersigned kings and chiefs of Fanti, have unanimously resolved and agreed upon the articles hereinafter named. "Article 1—That we form ourselves into a Committee with the view of effecting unity of purpose and of action between the kings and chiefs of the Fanti territory. "Article 12—That the Representative Assembly of the Fanti Confederation shall have the power of preparing laws, ordinances, bills, etc." Excerpt, Constitution of the Fanti Confederation, West Africa, 1871 Which of the following best describes the excerpt above? A) A rejection of traditional religious practice as a means of industrialization B) A liberal nationalist response to colonialism C) An appeal to European imperial powers to end the slave trade D) A Marxist-influenced call to revolution

NOT D