AP World SA Unit 5

1. c) Explain ONE way in which Enlightenment ideas influenced political ideologies in Latin America, Asia, or Africa in the period circa 1800-2000.

Enlightenment ideas influenced political ideologies in Latin America during 1800-2000. In Latin America, the creoles were mad at the rigid social hierarchy. Creoles were the upper and middle class of the Spanish. They were born in Latin America, but of Spanish descent, and they were considered inferior because they were not born in Spain. Creoles were done with being treated as minorities. Latin America was a colony of Spain, and the citizens living within Latin America believed that Spain was violating their popular sovereignty. The Napoleonic wars in Europe weakened Spanish and Portuguese control over their colonies which is another reason leading to the war for Latin American Independence.

4. b) Identify and explain ONE reason European powers colonized only the coast of Africa during the period 1450-1750 C.E.

European powers such as the Spanish and Portuguese colonized the coast of Africa because of economic competition. Spain and Portugal were both highly motivated to quickly colonize. Portuguese sailors successfully navigated an eastward route to west Africa, where they established a trading post. Portugal then spread its empire along the west coast of Africa because of the nation's desire to quickly colonize and grab a foothold in land before other nations.

2. a) For the period 1500-1750, explain ONE factor behind the population changes in Chart 1.

From 1500-1750, chart 1 shows no huge population changes. There is not a significant increase or decrease because of The Great Dying. Native Americans were dying because diseases were spreading, but Europeans were migrating to the Americas. The Americans did not suffer major loss from the Great Dying because more people were migrating into the Americas.

2. c) For the period 1500-1900, explain ONE factor behind the population changes in Chart 2.

From 1500-1900, the population of Africa increases. Europe was first interested in the slave trade, but it declined in the late 1800s because many countries made slavery illegal. The industrialization in Europe created a demand for raw materials and markets to sell finished goods. Colonies provided both. With nationalism growing among Europe, rulers felt the need for imperialism and expansion. Africa became colonized by the Europeans and only two nations remained independent: Liberia and Ethiopia. France and Great Britain were the two nations that controlled most of Africa, but other European nations also conquered some land. European Imperialism increased the population in Africa because many Europeans migrated to Africa. The Columbian Exchange also increased African population the food coming in from the Americas improved Africans diet. Africa did not have access to many good and healthy foods that came from the Americas. The Columbian Exchange enabled Africa to obtain the food, and develop a healthier diet. Healthier diets created a rise in population because life span increased.

2. b) For the period 1750-1900, explain ONE factor behind the population changes in Chart 1.

From 1750 to 1900, chart one represents a substantial growth of population in the Americas. The Industrial Revolution is occuring in the United States during this time, so there is massive immigration into the United States because of job availability. Europeans came to the United States seeking greater economic opportunity. In the mid-nineteenth century, most of America's immigrants came from Ireland because they were experiencing a famine that they wanted to escape. Not only were Europeans migrating to the United States, but slaves were as well. Although it was a forced migration, slaves were also coming into the United States through the Atlantic Slave Trade.

5. b) Identify and explain ONE way in which the painting reflects the development of new cultural identities in the nineteenth century.

This painting depicts a new cultural identity and power. This painting shows Japan trying to become a new modernized power because they are using more modern Westernized clothing. The clothing the Japanese are now dressing with is more modern than that of a Samurai. Samurai's wore longer clothing rather than pants and a suit with a hat.

5. c) Identify and explain ONE limitation of the image above as a source of information about social and economic change in Asia during the 1800s.

This painting is a limitation because it does not show anything of Japanese social structure or economy. It doesn't address the topic of the social and economic change in Asia. This image does not show the social instability Japan faced after the overthrowing of the Shogun. By looking at this painting, you would not be able to tell that lower-status peasants were able to afford the trapping of the elite. This painting does not show that widespread corruption and failure of the government to respond to a famine in 1830 led to various uprisings, revolts, and attacks.

3. b) Identify and explain TWO effects of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe

One effect of the Industrial Revolution was the decline of the aristocrats at the end of the nineteenth century. The wealth and power of the aristocrats declined because the middle class began to make large amounts of money. The upper middle class consisted of bankers, industrialists, and entrepreneurs. The lower class suffered the most from industrialization because they gained the least and made up most of the workers in British society. Workers had unfair and unsafe labor conditions. Cities were poorly planned due to urbanization because there were a lot of people living in cramped places which allowed disease to spread quickly across the poor. Another effect of the industrial revolution was the poor environmental conditions due to urbanization. Pollution from the factories and and deforestation created a poor environment. Pollution is not good to breathe in and deforestation is bad because trees are sources of oxygen.

4. a) Identify and explain TWO factors in the period 1750-1900 C.E. that enabled European powers to carve up almost the entirety of Africa by 1914

One factor that enabled European powers to carve up Africa was the Berlin Conference. The Berlin Conference was a European meeting to peacefully divide up the African continent. Another factor that allowed Europeans to carve up Africa was their weapons and transportation networks. Overall, the Europeans were more advanced and their power was no match for the local resistance of most African nations. (European competition between states was factor of industrial revolution —> developing new technological innovations —>high demand of raw materials —> colonizing Africa)

1. a) Identify ONE way in which Enlightenment ideas changed political thought in Europe in the period after 1750.

One way in which the Enlightenment ideas changed political thought throughout Europe was through an increase in logical thinking and less reliance on the church and religion. It let people form unions and organize strikes to protest unsafe and unfair labor conditions because they were being treated unjust.

1. b) Explain ONE way in which Enlightenment ideas represent a continuity with previous patterns of social thought in global history.

One way in which the Enlightenment ideas represent a continuity with previous patterns of social thought in global history was that new rights were not granted to women. Women were not able to gain an education or receive some of the same rights as men. Women were able to enter into new professions as well as expand their property rights, but they still had few rights and could not get an education.*Women were excluded from educational opportunities

3. a) Identify and explain ONE cause of the Industrial Revolution in Western Europe

The Industrial Revolution was caused by the desire to make cheap goods and competition among other European countries. Great Britain had a vast supply of mineral resources such as coal that were later used to run industrial machines and factories. These machines would increase production at a low cost because coal was easy to transport. European states were very competitive and always looking for a new way of income.

5. a) Identify and explain ONE factor that enabled Japan to develop the military capacity alluded to in the painting.

The Meiji Restoration transformed Japan into a more modernized and industrialized nation. The Meiji Restoration occurred because the shogunate was overthrown. Japanese society transformed as a result of the restoration. Japanese studied Western political systems, developed political parties, and promotion of industry. Building a modern social structure helped strengthen the army. Japan created more modernized weapons to help them expand and gain colonies. Japan realized that they needed raw materials, and other nations got their resources from their colonies. Japan's army was strengthened for Imperialism and to conquer new lands.