AP2: Lymphatic System - 4

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A ring of lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

tonsil

Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.

tonsil

Except for the __________ and the spleen, the lymphoid organs are poorly developed at birth.

tonsils

Of the following lymphoid organs, which is (are) structurally simplest and lack(s) a complete capsule?

tonsils

The ________ are the simplest lymphoid organs and are found at the entrance to the pharynx.

tonsils

Which of the following is/are the simplest lymphoid organ(s)?

tonsils

Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?

total blood volume

Functions of the lymphatic system include ________.

transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system

The lymph from all but the right side of the head and the right arm and right thorax is drained by the

- thoracic duct.

Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.

TRUE

Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue

TRUE

T OR F: About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph.

TRUE

By secreting hormones, the thymus causes what cells to become immunocompetent?

lymphocytes

These cells recognize antigens and initiate the immune response.

lymphocytes

Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones?

lymphocytes

plasma cell

produces antibodies

immunological memory

when the immunity system has/stores a memory from a previously encountered foreign antibody.

The highest density of lymph nodes can be found _____.

at the locations where lymphatic collecting vessels converge

The thymus is most active during ________.

childhood

Lymph collecting or pooling from the lower extremities would first pool in the ________ before moving on up.

cisterna chyli

List several functions of the spleen

cleanses the blood, stores breakdown products of RBCs, stores platelets and is thought to be the site of erythrocyte production in the fetus.

The thoracic duct of the lymphatic system empties into the ________.

left subclavian vein

The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.

lingual tonsils

Particularly large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.

lower extremities

What is lymph? And where does it come from?

lymph is the fluid inside lymph vessels. it enters the lymphatic vessels from interstitial fluid.

Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________.

lymph nodes

What is/are the principal lymphoid organ(s) in the body?

lymph nodes

Which lymphoid organ serves in immune surveillance and in filtering lymph?

lymph nodes

The lymphatic capillaries are ________.

more permeable than blood capillaries

What is MALT? List several components of MALT.

mucosa associated lymphatic tissue is found in the mucosa of the digestive tract , respiratory tract and genitourinary tract.

Which of the following best describes the arrangement of lymphatic vessels?

- A one-way system of vessels beginning with blind-ended lymphatic capillaries

Which sequence best describes the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system?

- Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts

Which of the following features is not common to both lymphatic collecting ducts and veins? - the presence of valves - a wall made of three layers - Each contain chyle. - Anatomical distributions of each vary between individuals.

- Each contain chyle.

Which of the following are NOT found in a lymph node? - Follicles/nodules - Eosinophils - T-lymphocytes - Macrophages - B-lymphocytes

- Eosinophils

Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of

- Hodgkin's disease.

Which statement is true of the thoracic duct?

- It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg.

Which of the following statements about the spleen is false?

- It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident.

Which statement below describes the lymphatic system''s role in relation to the cardiovascular system?

- It maintains blood volume and hence, pressure.

Which of the following statements is true when comparing large lymphatic vessels to larger veins of the circulatory system?

- Large lymphatic vessels have the same three layers, but are thinner and have more valves.

Which of the following make up the principle lymphoid organs in the body?

- Lymph nodes

What part of the lymphatic system is most closely associated with capillary beds?

- Lymphatic collecting vessels

Which of the following is located in the spleen''s white pulp regions?

- Lymphocytes

Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ? - Spleen - Thymus - Peyer''s patches - Macrophage - MALT

- Macrophage

Which of the following is found lining the lymphatic sinuses of the lymph nodes?

- Macrophages

Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum are

- Peyer''s patches.

Which of the following is not a role of the spleen? - Break down erythrocytes - Serve as a site of T cell maturation - Serve as an immune system surveillance organ - Store platelets

- Serve as a site of T cell maturation

People suffering from a throat infection often complain of ""swollen glands."" What is the actual problem?

- Some of the lymph nodes in the throat are full of bacteria.

In addition to lymphoid function, this organ holds a reservoir of platelets.

- Spleen

Which area does NOT contain a large collection of lymph nodes? - The brachial area - The inguinal area - The lumbar area - The axillary area - The neck

- The brachial area

Excess tissue fluid in the brain drains into the

- CSF.

If you were to draw an antibody, how might you sketch out its basic shape?

As a "Y"

What is a bubo?

an infected lymph node

Which of the following is not a part of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)? - The tonsils - The appendix - The spleen - Peyer's patches

- The spleen

Which statement is true regarding lymph nodes?

- They have fewer efferent than afferent (incoming) vessels.

Which of the following is the major lymphoid organ that ""trains"" T-lymphocytes to become immunocompetent?

- Thymus

The lymphoid organs, located in the throat, that defend against invading bacteria coming in through the mouth and nose are

- Tonsils

This structure attached to the cecum is in an ideal place to destroy bacteria before it migrates into the large intestine.

- appendix

Which of the following does not contribute to lymph transport? - being located adjacent to large veins - pressure changes in the thoracic cavity - contraction of skeletal muscles - mini-valves in the lymphatic vessels

- being located adjacent to large veins

What lymphatic structure absorbs excess tissue fluid?

- capillary

What lymphatic structure forms from the merging of the intestinal and lumbar trunks?

- cisterna chyli

The lymphatic structure that arises anterior to the first two lumbar vertebrae is known as the

- cisterna chyli.

The lymphedema condition, caused by tropical parasitic worms, is

- elephantiasis.

When B-lymphocytes are dividing rapidly the _____ of the lymphoid tissue enlarges.

- germinal centers

Where are plasma cells found in the node?

- in the medullary cords

Thymic corpuscles are composed of

- keratinized epithelial cells.

What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine?

- lacteal

Large lymph capillaries spanned by criss-crossing reticular fibers are known as

- lymph sinuses.

To assist with lymph return,

- lymph vessels possess valves, like veins, to prevent backflow.

Which of the following vessels transport fluid that leaks from the vascular system back into the blood?

- lymphatics

Lacteals are specialized

- lymphatics in the intestine submucosa.

Which of the following cells would not be found in a germinal center in a lymph node?

- monocytes

What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral mucosa?

- palatine tonsils

Lymphangitis presents itself as

- red lines under the skin that are sensitive to touch.

The structural framework of lymphoid tissue is offered by

- reticular connective tissue.

A major function of the lymphatic system is

- return of tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system.

Where is the site of erythrocyte production in the fetus?

- spleen

All lymph is eventually returned to circulation via the:

- subclavian veins.

A sentinel node is the first lymph node

- that receives lymph drainage from a body area suspected of cancer.

The hormones of the thymus are secreted by the

- thymic corpuscles.

Areas of lymphocytes suspended by reticular fibers in the spleen are known as

- white pulp.

If an unknown antigen contains only swine serum albumin, how many precipitates will form between it and the wells of antibodies for horse, bovine, and swine albumin?

1

Choose the true statement about the thymus.

After puberty, the thymus begins to decrease in size.

Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed?

Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.

WHich of the following represents a logical sequence of structures that contribute to the return of fluid into the blood via the lymphatic system?

Arteries, blood capillaries, lymphatic vessels, subclavian vein

Which of the following will lower blood pressure?

Atrial natriuretic peptide

Germinal centers in the cortex of lymph nodes contain primarily ________.

B cells

What is the function of B cells in the immune response?

B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that bind to specific antigens and mark them for destruction. They provide humoral immunity.

Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.

B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.

Which of the following would the body perceive as an antigen?

Bacteria, Virus, and Mismatched red blood cells

_____ can enter lymph capillaries.

Bacteria, large proteins, and interstitial fluid

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________. A) Peyer's patches B) palatine tonsils C) lingual tonsils D) islets of Langerhans

D

Why would removal of lymph vessels from the right adillary region cause edema in the right arm?

Excess blood plasma builds up in regions where there are no lymph vessels.

All lymphatic organs are composed of epithelial tissue.

FALSE

All lymphoid organs develop from mesoderm

FALSE

All lymphoid organs develop from mesoderm.

FALSE

All the lymphoid organs are well developed before birth

FALSE

All the lymphoid organs are well developed before birth.

FALSE

Lymph always flows away from the heart

FALSE

Lymph arrives to the lymph nodes via efferent lymphatic vessels.

FALSE

Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine.

FALSE

T OR F: Lymph always flows away from the heart.

FALSE

T OR F: The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs.

FALSE

T OR F: The simplest lymphoid organs are the lymph nodes.

FALSE

The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs

FALSE

The largest lymphatic vessels are called lacteals

FALSE

The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.

FALSE

The thymus lacks T cells

FALSE

Blood plasma and lymph are identical except for their respective locations in the body.

False

Reticular connective tissue is found in all lymphoid organs and tissues.

False

B cells provide this kind of immunity.

Humoral

Which class of antibody is most abundant in blood? which is secreted first in a primary immune response? which is most abundant in secretions ?

IgG antibody is most abundant in blood. IgM is secreted first in a primary immune response. IgA is most abundant in secretions.

Peyer's patches are found in the ________.

Ileum of the small intestine

Note three areas where lymph nodes are densely clustered:

Inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of the body.

What is the function of a Hassall's corpuscle?

It has no known significant function.

Which of the following would experience a decreased blood flow during exercise?

Kidneys

Although all of the organs below can raise an immune response, only this one filters the lymph.

LYMPH NODES; spleen; tonsils

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lymph nodes? Lymph nodes filter lymph. Lymph nodes have a capsule. Lymph nodes activate the immune system.

Lymph nodes produce lymph.

Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs does not contain reticular connective tissue?

Lymph nodes; Tonsils; THYMUS; Spleen

Select the correct statement about lymph transport.

Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.

How are lymphatic collecting vessels different from veins?

Lymphatic collecting vessels have endothelial flap valves, but veins do not.

Which of the following are considered the primary immune system cells?

Lymphocytes

Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.

Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.

The appendix, tonsils, and Peyer's patches are examples of ________.

MALT

List four ways antibodies can bring about destruction of a pathogen.

P.L.A.N. phagocytosis lysis (via complement) agglutination neutralization

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?

PANCREAS; Peyer's patches of the intestine; tonsils; spleen

The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called ________.

Peyer's patch

Collections of lymphoid tissues, called MALT, are strategically placed throughout the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary systems. Which one of these is located at the end of the small intestine?

Peyer's patches

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________.

Peyer's patches; ISLETS OF LANGERHANS; lingual tonsils; palatine tonsils

Which of the following would not move by diffusion across a capillary into the surrounding tissue?

Proteins

Which of the following is involved in long-term blood pressure regulation?

Renal mechanisms

Which portion of the body is drained by the right lymphatic duct?

Right upper extremity, head and thorax

Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow?

SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION; valves in lymph vessel walls; skeletal muscle contraction; breathing

recognition of self from non-self

Self recognition immunity is when something goes into the body and it has been there before. The body automatically puts a marker specific to only that substance on it so that anytime it is in contact with the body it will recognize it. Non-recognized immunity is when a foreign substance enters the body. In this case the body has defense teams designed to attack and rid the body of the foreign substance.

A woman had a mastectomy that included the removal of axillary lymph nodes on her left side. What can she expect regarding her left arm, and why?

She can expect severe localized edema along the arm, although some lymphatic drainage is eventually reestablished by regrowth of the vessels.

Which lymphoid organ provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response and provides blood-cleansing functions?

Spleen

The thymus is important for:

T lymphocyte maturation.

Which of the following is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

THYMUS; tonsil; appendix; Peyer's patch

About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph

TRUE

An infected lymph gland is called a bubo

TRUE

Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics

TRUE

Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system

TRUE

Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.

TRUE

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself

TRUE

If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself.

TRUE

Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins

TRUE

T OR F: An infected lymph gland is called a bubo.

TRUE

T OR F: Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.

TRUE

T OR F: Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system.

TRUE

T OR F: Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.

TRUE

T OR F: Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins.

TRUE

T OR F: Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.

TRUE

T OR F: Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue.

TRUE

T OR F: The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.

TRUE

T OR F: When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells.

TRUE

The lymphatics function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream

TRUE

The thymus functions strictly in maturation of T cells.

TRUE

An advantage to having reticular connective tissue present in lymph nodes would be that:

The loose organization of reticular connective tissue provides niches for macrophages and lymphocytes; lymph filters through the nodes and is exposed to lymphocytes and macrophages; lymphocytes cycle to various areas of the body and back to lymph nodes

While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with one enormous leg and one normal-sized leg. What is the most likely reason for the increased size of the swollen leg?

The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.

Which of the following contribute(s) to the flow of lymph through lymphatic vessels?

The pumping of the heart; Pressure changes in the thorax that result from breathing

What effect does age have on the size of the thymus?

The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence through old age.

What causes the flow of lymph to slow within lymph nodes?

There are more afferent vessels than efferent vessels.

What is not true about antibodies?

They are found in plasma and other body secretions; THEY ARE CELLS; They bind to a single, specific antigen; They are produced by plasma cells

Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes?

They filter lymph.

What are the primary lymphoid organs

Thymus and Bone Marrow

Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue/organ?

Tonsils; BONE MARROW; Peyer's patches; Spleen

Which of the following would be a result of anaphylaxis (a systemic allergic reaction)?

Vascular shock

Lymph vessels resemble these vessels of the systemic circulation.

Veins

Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels?

Veins have fewer internal valves than do lymphatic vessels.

Which of the following is true about veins?

Veins have valves; arteries do not.

autoimmune disease

When the immune system attacks the body (doesn't recognize a body tissue, identifies it as foreign)

Which of the following lists the correct order of lymph flow through the lymph node?

afferent vessel, subcapsular sinus, medullary sinuses, efferent vessel

Peyer's patches are located:

along the small intestine

Which of the following is NOT a part of the MALT?

appendix; tonsils; Peyer's patches; LYMPH NODES

Antibodies ________.

are proteins composed of heavy chains and light chains

Which vessels carry blood away from the

arteries

In the Ouchterlony test, where will a precipitate form when bovine serum albumin is mixed with the antibodies for horse albumin, bovine albumin, and swine albumin?

between the wells for bovine albumin and antibodies for bovine albumin

Red pulp of the spleen is most concerned with ______, while white pulp is most concerned with _____.

blood filtering; immunity

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

blood vessels

Lymph capillaries are absent in all but which of the following?

bone marrow; bones and teeth; cns; DIGESTIVE ORGANS

Which of the following is NOT a capillary transport mechanism?

bulk flow

Gas and nutrient exchange occur in the:

capillaries.

Lymphatic collecting vessels are most closely associated with:

capillary beds

dendritic cell

captures antigens and brings them back to lymph nodes

Lymphatic vessels:

collect excess fluid from interstitial spaces.

Which capillaries are the most common in the body?

continuous capillaries

In the tonsils, these structures trap bacteria and other foreign material.

crypts

Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________.

crypts

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________.

crypts that trap bacteria

Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.

efferent lymphatic vessels

Where in the lymph node do the T cells first encounter antigens presented by dendritic cells?

deep in the cortex

Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphatic vessels? the return of leaked proteins to the blood the return of tissue fluid to the bloodstream transportation of absorbed fat from the intestines to the blood

delivery of nutrients to tissues

What is the role of T cells?

directly attack virus-infected tissue cells, some help activate the B cells and cytotoxic T cells, and others can inhibit the immune response. They provide cellular immunity.

Where are Peyer's patches located?

distal portion of the small intestine

Lymph in the cisterna chyli differs in composition from lymph in the general lymphatic stream in that it contains more ________.

fat

Lymph tends to stall inside lymph nodes. This is due to:

fewer efferent lymphatic vessels than afferent lymphatic vessels

reticular cell

fibroblast-like cell that produces the reticular fiber stroma

What are the two major functions of the lymph nodes?

filtering and protection

Antigens that can provoke an immune response include ________.

foreign proteins, polysaccharides, and small molecules, called haptens, that link to our own body proteins

The main role of the tonsils is to __________.

gather and remove pathogens entering through the pharynx

What is the function of a Hassall's corpuscle?

has no known significant function

What is the benefit of having fewer efferent than afferent lymphatics in the lymph nodes?

having fewer efferents causes lymph to accumulate in lymph nodes, allowing more time for its cleansing.

Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue?

house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes; furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages

What is the role of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries?

increase permeability

Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.

inguinal region; axillary region; LOWER EXTREMITIES; cervical region

Lymph is most similar to:

interstitial fluid

Lymph is most similar to:

interstitial fluid.

Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________.

islets of Langerhans

What are three key characteristics of adaptive immunity?

it is specific, adaptive, and has memory

Highly specialized lymph capillaries called ________ are present in the villi of the intestinal mucosa.

lacteals

Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?

lymph nodes; lymphatic vessels; BLOOD VESSELS; lymph

What part of the lymphatic system is most closely associated with capillary beds?

lymphatic capillaries

Which of the following are considered the primary immune system cells?

lymphocytes

What is a lymphoid follicle? what type of lymphocyte predominates in follicles , especially in their germinal centers?

lymphoid follicles are solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed reticular elements and cells, often with a lighter staining center region. B cells predominate.

Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid cell?

macrophage; reticular cell; EOSINOPHIL; dendritic cell

Hassall's corpuscles are always found in the lighter-colored ________ regions of the thymus.

medullary

Select the mechanism below that is not involved in the flow of lymph through the lymphatic vessels.

milking action of skeletal muscles; PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART; pressure changes in the thorax that occur during breathing

Lymphatic capillaries owe their permeability to the presence of:

minivalves in their walls.

The ________ is (are) the most likely to become infected.

palatine tonsils

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?

pancreas

The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called ________.

peyer's patches

macrophage

phagocytic cell

Antibodies are produced by _______.

plasma cells

Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.

plasma cells

Which of the following lymphoid cells secrete antibodies?

plasma cells

The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not:

produce hormones; have lymphocytes; have a cortex and medulla; DIRECTLY FIGHT ANTIGENS

Which arteries carry deoxygenated blood?

pulmonary arteries

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?

red blood cells

Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________.

removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood; FORMING CRYPTS THAT TRAP BACTERIA; storage of iron; storage of blood platelets

Which of the following is a long-term mechanism for maintaining blood pressure?

renal regulation

Lymphatic vessels:

return tissue fluid to the bloodstream.

Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?

right lymphatic duct

Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes?

serve as antigen surveillance areas; produce lymphoid cells and granular WBCs; PRODUCE LYMPH FLUID AND CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID; act as lymph filters and activate the immune system

When the lymphatic structures are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.

severe localized edema distal to the blockage

When the lymphatics are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.

severe localized edema distal to the blockage

Leaky capillaries found in the bone marrow are called_________.

sinusoidal capillaries

Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on ________.

skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement

Peyer's patches are found in the ________.

small intestine

The _____ is the largest lymphoid organ.

spleen

Which lymphoid organ provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response and provides blood-cleansing functions?

spleen

Which of the following lymphoid tissues removes defective red blood cells from the blood?

spleen

Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?

spleen

The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, lymph nodes, ________.

spleen, and thymus

The property of immunological memory is ________.

the ability to recognize and mount an attack on an antigen that was previously encountered

What is the driving force for lymph movement?

the contraction of the adjacent skeletal muscles, pressure changes in the thorax during breathing, and the pulsations of nearby arteries.

A sentinel node is ________.

the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous

specificity

the quality of having a certain action, reacting only with certain substances, as antibodies with certain antigens (antigen specificity). Like B cells with antibodies.

Name two lypmhatic ducts and indicate the body regions usually drained by each.

the right lymphatic duct draines lymph from the right upper limb, head , and thorax. the thoracic duct drains everything else.

The right lymphatic duct drains ________.

the right side of the head and thorax, and the right upper extremity

Which lymphoid organ develops first?

the thymus

The first lymphoid organ to appear in development is (are) the:

thymus

There is a decrease in our ability to fight infection as we age. Which lymphoid organ may have a role in this decline?

thymus

Which is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?

thymus

Which lymphoid organ serves as the site where T lymphocytes become immunocompetent T cells?

thymus gland

The function of B cells in the immune response is ________.

to produce plasma cells that make antibodies

Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?

transporting dietary fats; TRANSPORTING RESPIRATORY GASES; draining excess interstitial fluid; carrying out immune responses

Tonsils promote memory of pathogens by:

trapping pathogens to develop immune cells with memory.

Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting vessels.

trunks

Once collected, lymph is returned to:

venous circulation

Once collected, lymph is returned to:

venous circulation.

Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?

water; RED BLOOD CELLS; ions; plasma proteins

The ________ pulp is responsible for the immune functions of the spleen.

white

The ________ pulp of the spleen forms cuffs around the central arteries.

white

Which of the following areas in a secondary lymphoid organ allows intimate contact between blood and the lymphocytes?

white pulp of the spleen


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