AP2: Lymphatic System - 4
A ring of lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.
tonsil
Lymphoid tissue that appears as a swelling of the mucosa in the oral cavity is called a(n) ________.
tonsil
Except for the __________ and the spleen, the lymphoid organs are poorly developed at birth.
tonsils
Of the following lymphoid organs, which is (are) structurally simplest and lack(s) a complete capsule?
tonsils
The ________ are the simplest lymphoid organs and are found at the entrance to the pharynx.
tonsils
Which of the following is/are the simplest lymphoid organ(s)?
tonsils
Which of the following is NOT an important source of resistance to blood flow?
total blood volume
Functions of the lymphatic system include ________.
transport of excess tissue fluid to the blood vascular system
The lymph from all but the right side of the head and the right arm and right thorax is drained by the
- thoracic duct.
Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.
TRUE
Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue
TRUE
T OR F: About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph.
TRUE
By secreting hormones, the thymus causes what cells to become immunocompetent?
lymphocytes
These cells recognize antigens and initiate the immune response.
lymphocytes
Which cells become immunocompetent due to thymic hormones?
lymphocytes
plasma cell
produces antibodies
immunological memory
when the immunity system has/stores a memory from a previously encountered foreign antibody.
The highest density of lymph nodes can be found _____.
at the locations where lymphatic collecting vessels converge
The thymus is most active during ________.
childhood
Lymph collecting or pooling from the lower extremities would first pool in the ________ before moving on up.
cisterna chyli
List several functions of the spleen
cleanses the blood, stores breakdown products of RBCs, stores platelets and is thought to be the site of erythrocyte production in the fetus.
The thoracic duct of the lymphatic system empties into the ________.
left subclavian vein
The tonsils located at the base of the tongue are the ________.
lingual tonsils
Particularly large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.
lower extremities
What is lymph? And where does it come from?
lymph is the fluid inside lymph vessels. it enters the lymphatic vessels from interstitial fluid.
Small organs associated with lymphatic vessels are termed ________.
lymph nodes
What is/are the principal lymphoid organ(s) in the body?
lymph nodes
Which lymphoid organ serves in immune surveillance and in filtering lymph?
lymph nodes
The lymphatic capillaries are ________.
more permeable than blood capillaries
What is MALT? List several components of MALT.
mucosa associated lymphatic tissue is found in the mucosa of the digestive tract , respiratory tract and genitourinary tract.
Which of the following best describes the arrangement of lymphatic vessels?
- A one-way system of vessels beginning with blind-ended lymphatic capillaries
Which sequence best describes the flow of lymph through the lymphatic system?
- Capillaries - vessels - trunks - ducts
Which of the following features is not common to both lymphatic collecting ducts and veins? - the presence of valves - a wall made of three layers - Each contain chyle. - Anatomical distributions of each vary between individuals.
- Each contain chyle.
Which of the following are NOT found in a lymph node? - Follicles/nodules - Eosinophils - T-lymphocytes - Macrophages - B-lymphocytes
- Eosinophils
Reed-Sternberg cells are characteristic of
- Hodgkin's disease.
Which statement is true of the thoracic duct?
- It drains the lymph from the entire left side of the body and the right abdomen and leg.
Which of the following statements about the spleen is false?
- It is best to perform a splenectomy if the spleen is damaged in a car accident.
Which statement below describes the lymphatic system''s role in relation to the cardiovascular system?
- It maintains blood volume and hence, pressure.
Which of the following statements is true when comparing large lymphatic vessels to larger veins of the circulatory system?
- Large lymphatic vessels have the same three layers, but are thinner and have more valves.
Which of the following make up the principle lymphoid organs in the body?
- Lymph nodes
What part of the lymphatic system is most closely associated with capillary beds?
- Lymphatic collecting vessels
Which of the following is located in the spleen''s white pulp regions?
- Lymphocytes
Which of the following is NOT a lymphatic organ? - Spleen - Thymus - Peyer''s patches - Macrophage - MALT
- Macrophage
Which of the following is found lining the lymphatic sinuses of the lymph nodes?
- Macrophages
Aggregates of lymphoid nodules located in the wall of the ileum are
- Peyer''s patches.
Which of the following is not a role of the spleen? - Break down erythrocytes - Serve as a site of T cell maturation - Serve as an immune system surveillance organ - Store platelets
- Serve as a site of T cell maturation
People suffering from a throat infection often complain of ""swollen glands."" What is the actual problem?
- Some of the lymph nodes in the throat are full of bacteria.
In addition to lymphoid function, this organ holds a reservoir of platelets.
- Spleen
Which area does NOT contain a large collection of lymph nodes? - The brachial area - The inguinal area - The lumbar area - The axillary area - The neck
- The brachial area
Excess tissue fluid in the brain drains into the
- CSF.
If you were to draw an antibody, how might you sketch out its basic shape?
As a "Y"
What is a bubo?
an infected lymph node
Which of the following is not a part of the mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)? - The tonsils - The appendix - The spleen - Peyer's patches
- The spleen
Which statement is true regarding lymph nodes?
- They have fewer efferent than afferent (incoming) vessels.
Which of the following is the major lymphoid organ that ""trains"" T-lymphocytes to become immunocompetent?
- Thymus
The lymphoid organs, located in the throat, that defend against invading bacteria coming in through the mouth and nose are
- Tonsils
This structure attached to the cecum is in an ideal place to destroy bacteria before it migrates into the large intestine.
- appendix
Which of the following does not contribute to lymph transport? - being located adjacent to large veins - pressure changes in the thoracic cavity - contraction of skeletal muscles - mini-valves in the lymphatic vessels
- being located adjacent to large veins
What lymphatic structure absorbs excess tissue fluid?
- capillary
What lymphatic structure forms from the merging of the intestinal and lumbar trunks?
- cisterna chyli
The lymphatic structure that arises anterior to the first two lumbar vertebrae is known as the
- cisterna chyli.
The lymphedema condition, caused by tropical parasitic worms, is
- elephantiasis.
When B-lymphocytes are dividing rapidly the _____ of the lymphoid tissue enlarges.
- germinal centers
Where are plasma cells found in the node?
- in the medullary cords
Thymic corpuscles are composed of
- keratinized epithelial cells.
What lymphatic structure absorbs lipids in the intestine?
- lacteal
Large lymph capillaries spanned by criss-crossing reticular fibers are known as
- lymph sinuses.
To assist with lymph return,
- lymph vessels possess valves, like veins, to prevent backflow.
Which of the following vessels transport fluid that leaks from the vascular system back into the blood?
- lymphatics
Lacteals are specialized
- lymphatics in the intestine submucosa.
Which of the following cells would not be found in a germinal center in a lymph node?
- monocytes
What lymphatic structures trap bacteria in the posterior oral mucosa?
- palatine tonsils
Lymphangitis presents itself as
- red lines under the skin that are sensitive to touch.
The structural framework of lymphoid tissue is offered by
- reticular connective tissue.
A major function of the lymphatic system is
- return of tissue fluid to the cardiovascular system.
Where is the site of erythrocyte production in the fetus?
- spleen
All lymph is eventually returned to circulation via the:
- subclavian veins.
A sentinel node is the first lymph node
- that receives lymph drainage from a body area suspected of cancer.
The hormones of the thymus are secreted by the
- thymic corpuscles.
Areas of lymphocytes suspended by reticular fibers in the spleen are known as
- white pulp.
If an unknown antigen contains only swine serum albumin, how many precipitates will form between it and the wells of antibodies for horse, bovine, and swine albumin?
1
Choose the true statement about the thymus.
After puberty, the thymus begins to decrease in size.
Why might lymphedema occur as a complication after a radical mastectomy, in which lymph nodes have been removed?
Anything that prevents the normal return of lymph to the blood results in severe localized edema.
WHich of the following represents a logical sequence of structures that contribute to the return of fluid into the blood via the lymphatic system?
Arteries, blood capillaries, lymphatic vessels, subclavian vein
Which of the following will lower blood pressure?
Atrial natriuretic peptide
Germinal centers in the cortex of lymph nodes contain primarily ________.
B cells
What is the function of B cells in the immune response?
B cells differentiate into plasma cells that secrete antibodies. Antibodies are proteins that bind to specific antigens and mark them for destruction. They provide humoral immunity.
Select the correct statement about lymphocytes.
B cells produce plasma cells, which secrete antibodies into the blood.
Which of the following would the body perceive as an antigen?
Bacteria, Virus, and Mismatched red blood cells
_____ can enter lymph capillaries.
Bacteria, large proteins, and interstitial fluid
Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________. A) Peyer's patches B) palatine tonsils C) lingual tonsils D) islets of Langerhans
D
Why would removal of lymph vessels from the right adillary region cause edema in the right arm?
Excess blood plasma builds up in regions where there are no lymph vessels.
All lymphatic organs are composed of epithelial tissue.
FALSE
All lymphoid organs develop from mesoderm
FALSE
All lymphoid organs develop from mesoderm.
FALSE
All the lymphoid organs are well developed before birth
FALSE
All the lymphoid organs are well developed before birth.
FALSE
Lymph always flows away from the heart
FALSE
Lymph arrives to the lymph nodes via efferent lymphatic vessels.
FALSE
Peyer's patches are clusters of lymphoid tissue found primarily in the large intestine.
FALSE
T OR F: Lymph always flows away from the heart.
FALSE
T OR F: The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs.
FALSE
T OR F: The simplest lymphoid organs are the lymph nodes.
FALSE
The cisterna chyli collects lymph from the lumbar trunks draining the upper limbs and from the intestinal trunk draining the digestive organs
FALSE
The largest lymphatic vessels are called lacteals
FALSE
The most important role of the spleen is to provide a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response.
FALSE
The thymus lacks T cells
FALSE
Blood plasma and lymph are identical except for their respective locations in the body.
False
Reticular connective tissue is found in all lymphoid organs and tissues.
False
B cells provide this kind of immunity.
Humoral
Which class of antibody is most abundant in blood? which is secreted first in a primary immune response? which is most abundant in secretions ?
IgG antibody is most abundant in blood. IgM is secreted first in a primary immune response. IgA is most abundant in secretions.
Peyer's patches are found in the ________.
Ileum of the small intestine
Note three areas where lymph nodes are densely clustered:
Inguinal, axillary, and cervical regions of the body.
What is the function of a Hassall's corpuscle?
It has no known significant function.
Which of the following would experience a decreased blood flow during exercise?
Kidneys
Although all of the organs below can raise an immune response, only this one filters the lymph.
LYMPH NODES; spleen; tonsils
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of lymph nodes? Lymph nodes filter lymph. Lymph nodes have a capsule. Lymph nodes activate the immune system.
Lymph nodes produce lymph.
Which of the following lymphoid tissues/organs does not contain reticular connective tissue?
Lymph nodes; Tonsils; THYMUS; Spleen
Select the correct statement about lymph transport.
Lymph transport depends on the movement of adjacent tissues, such as skeletal muscles.
How are lymphatic collecting vessels different from veins?
Lymphatic collecting vessels have endothelial flap valves, but veins do not.
Which of the following are considered the primary immune system cells?
Lymphocytes
Select the correct statement about lymphoid tissue.
Lymphoid tissue is predominantly reticular connective tissue.
The appendix, tonsils, and Peyer's patches are examples of ________.
MALT
List four ways antibodies can bring about destruction of a pathogen.
P.L.A.N. phagocytosis lysis (via complement) agglutination neutralization
Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?
PANCREAS; Peyer's patches of the intestine; tonsils; spleen
The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called ________.
Peyer's patch
Collections of lymphoid tissues, called MALT, are strategically placed throughout the respiratory, digestive, and genitourinary systems. Which one of these is located at the end of the small intestine?
Peyer's patches
Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________.
Peyer's patches; ISLETS OF LANGERHANS; lingual tonsils; palatine tonsils
Which of the following would not move by diffusion across a capillary into the surrounding tissue?
Proteins
Which of the following is involved in long-term blood pressure regulation?
Renal mechanisms
Which portion of the body is drained by the right lymphatic duct?
Right upper extremity, head and thorax
Which of the following is not a method that maintains lymph flow?
SMOOTH MUSCLE CONTRACTION; valves in lymph vessel walls; skeletal muscle contraction; breathing
recognition of self from non-self
Self recognition immunity is when something goes into the body and it has been there before. The body automatically puts a marker specific to only that substance on it so that anytime it is in contact with the body it will recognize it. Non-recognized immunity is when a foreign substance enters the body. In this case the body has defense teams designed to attack and rid the body of the foreign substance.
A woman had a mastectomy that included the removal of axillary lymph nodes on her left side. What can she expect regarding her left arm, and why?
She can expect severe localized edema along the arm, although some lymphatic drainage is eventually reestablished by regrowth of the vessels.
Which lymphoid organ provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response and provides blood-cleansing functions?
Spleen
The thymus is important for:
T lymphocyte maturation.
Which of the following is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?
THYMUS; tonsil; appendix; Peyer's patch
About 3 liters of fluid are lost to the tissue spaces every 24 hours and are returned to the bloodstream as lymph
TRUE
An infected lymph gland is called a bubo
TRUE
Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics
TRUE
Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system
TRUE
Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.
TRUE
If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself
TRUE
If even a small part of the spleen is left in a ten-year-old child, it will most likely regenerate itself.
TRUE
Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins
TRUE
T OR F: An infected lymph gland is called a bubo.
TRUE
T OR F: Because lymph vessels are very low-pressure conduits, movements of adjacent tissues are important in propelling lymph through the lymphatics.
TRUE
T OR F: Chyle is delivered to the blood via the lymphatic system.
TRUE
T OR F: Digested fats are absorbed from the intestine by the lymph capillaries.
TRUE
T OR F: Lymphatic capillaries are permeable to proteins.
TRUE
T OR F: Lymphocytes reside temporarily in lymphoid tissue, then move to other parts of the body.
TRUE
T OR F: Lymphoid tissue is mainly reticular connective tissue.
TRUE
T OR F: The lymphatic capillaries function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream.
TRUE
T OR F: When tissues are inflamed, lymphatic capillaries develop openings that permit uptake of large particles such as cell debris, pathogens, and cancer cells.
TRUE
The lymphatics function to absorb the excess protein-containing interstitial fluid and return it to the bloodstream
TRUE
The thymus functions strictly in maturation of T cells.
TRUE
An advantage to having reticular connective tissue present in lymph nodes would be that:
The loose organization of reticular connective tissue provides niches for macrophages and lymphocytes; lymph filters through the nodes and is exposed to lymphocytes and macrophages; lymphocytes cycle to various areas of the body and back to lymph nodes
While passing through a village on safari you notice a man with one enormous leg and one normal-sized leg. What is the most likely reason for the increased size of the swollen leg?
The man has elephantiasis, which is caused by parasitic worms that get in the lymph system and reproduce to levels that block the vessels. The swelling is due to edema.
Which of the following contribute(s) to the flow of lymph through lymphatic vessels?
The pumping of the heart; Pressure changes in the thorax that result from breathing
What effect does age have on the size of the thymus?
The thymus initially increases in size and then decreases in size from adolescence through old age.
What causes the flow of lymph to slow within lymph nodes?
There are more afferent vessels than efferent vessels.
What is not true about antibodies?
They are found in plasma and other body secretions; THEY ARE CELLS; They bind to a single, specific antigen; They are produced by plasma cells
Which of the following is a role of lymph nodes?
They filter lymph.
What are the primary lymphoid organs
Thymus and Bone Marrow
Which of the following is not a lymphoid tissue/organ?
Tonsils; BONE MARROW; Peyer's patches; Spleen
Which of the following would be a result of anaphylaxis (a systemic allergic reaction)?
Vascular shock
Lymph vessels resemble these vessels of the systemic circulation.
Veins
Which of the following statements is true regarding veins versus lymphatic collecting vessels?
Veins have fewer internal valves than do lymphatic vessels.
Which of the following is true about veins?
Veins have valves; arteries do not.
autoimmune disease
When the immune system attacks the body (doesn't recognize a body tissue, identifies it as foreign)
Which of the following lists the correct order of lymph flow through the lymph node?
afferent vessel, subcapsular sinus, medullary sinuses, efferent vessel
Peyer's patches are located:
along the small intestine
Which of the following is NOT a part of the MALT?
appendix; tonsils; Peyer's patches; LYMPH NODES
Antibodies ________.
are proteins composed of heavy chains and light chains
Which vessels carry blood away from the
arteries
In the Ouchterlony test, where will a precipitate form when bovine serum albumin is mixed with the antibodies for horse albumin, bovine albumin, and swine albumin?
between the wells for bovine albumin and antibodies for bovine albumin
Red pulp of the spleen is most concerned with ______, while white pulp is most concerned with _____.
blood filtering; immunity
Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?
blood vessels
Lymph capillaries are absent in all but which of the following?
bone marrow; bones and teeth; cns; DIGESTIVE ORGANS
Which of the following is NOT a capillary transport mechanism?
bulk flow
Gas and nutrient exchange occur in the:
capillaries.
Lymphatic collecting vessels are most closely associated with:
capillary beds
dendritic cell
captures antigens and brings them back to lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels:
collect excess fluid from interstitial spaces.
Which capillaries are the most common in the body?
continuous capillaries
In the tonsils, these structures trap bacteria and other foreign material.
crypts
Tonsils have blind-ended structures called ________.
crypts
Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________.
crypts that trap bacteria
Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.
efferent lymphatic vessels
Where in the lymph node do the T cells first encounter antigens presented by dendritic cells?
deep in the cortex
Which of the following is NOT a function of lymphatic vessels? the return of leaked proteins to the blood the return of tissue fluid to the bloodstream transportation of absorbed fat from the intestines to the blood
delivery of nutrients to tissues
What is the role of T cells?
directly attack virus-infected tissue cells, some help activate the B cells and cytotoxic T cells, and others can inhibit the immune response. They provide cellular immunity.
Where are Peyer's patches located?
distal portion of the small intestine
Lymph in the cisterna chyli differs in composition from lymph in the general lymphatic stream in that it contains more ________.
fat
Lymph tends to stall inside lymph nodes. This is due to:
fewer efferent lymphatic vessels than afferent lymphatic vessels
reticular cell
fibroblast-like cell that produces the reticular fiber stroma
What are the two major functions of the lymph nodes?
filtering and protection
Antigens that can provoke an immune response include ________.
foreign proteins, polysaccharides, and small molecules, called haptens, that link to our own body proteins
The main role of the tonsils is to __________.
gather and remove pathogens entering through the pharynx
What is the function of a Hassall's corpuscle?
has no known significant function
What is the benefit of having fewer efferent than afferent lymphatics in the lymph nodes?
having fewer efferents causes lymph to accumulate in lymph nodes, allowing more time for its cleansing.
Which of the following are functions of lymphoid tissue?
house and provide a proliferation site for lymphocytes; furnish an ideal surveillance vantage point for lymphocytes and macrophages
What is the role of the mini-valves in lymph capillaries?
increase permeability
Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the ________.
inguinal region; axillary region; LOWER EXTREMITIES; cervical region
Lymph is most similar to:
interstitial fluid
Lymph is most similar to:
interstitial fluid.
Digestive tract-associated lymphatic tissue includes all of the following except ________.
islets of Langerhans
What are three key characteristics of adaptive immunity?
it is specific, adaptive, and has memory
Highly specialized lymph capillaries called ________ are present in the villi of the intestinal mucosa.
lacteals
Which of the following is NOT a part of the lymphatic system?
lymph nodes; lymphatic vessels; BLOOD VESSELS; lymph
What part of the lymphatic system is most closely associated with capillary beds?
lymphatic capillaries
Which of the following are considered the primary immune system cells?
lymphocytes
What is a lymphoid follicle? what type of lymphocyte predominates in follicles , especially in their germinal centers?
lymphoid follicles are solid, spherical bodies consisting of tightly packed reticular elements and cells, often with a lighter staining center region. B cells predominate.
Which of the following is NOT a lymphoid cell?
macrophage; reticular cell; EOSINOPHIL; dendritic cell
Hassall's corpuscles are always found in the lighter-colored ________ regions of the thymus.
medullary
Select the mechanism below that is not involved in the flow of lymph through the lymphatic vessels.
milking action of skeletal muscles; PUMPING ACTION OF THE HEART; pressure changes in the thorax that occur during breathing
Lymphatic capillaries owe their permeability to the presence of:
minivalves in their walls.
The ________ is (are) the most likely to become infected.
palatine tonsils
Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?
pancreas
The distal portion of the small intestine contains clumps of lymph follicles called ________.
peyer's patches
macrophage
phagocytic cell
Antibodies are produced by _______.
plasma cells
Antibodies that act against a particular foreign substance are released by ________.
plasma cells
Which of the following lymphoid cells secrete antibodies?
plasma cells
The thymus is the only lymphoid organ that does not:
produce hormones; have lymphocytes; have a cortex and medulla; DIRECTLY FIGHT ANTIGENS
Which arteries carry deoxygenated blood?
pulmonary arteries
Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?
red blood cells
Functions of the spleen include all of those below except ________.
removal of old or defective blood cells from the blood; FORMING CRYPTS THAT TRAP BACTERIA; storage of iron; storage of blood platelets
Which of the following is a long-term mechanism for maintaining blood pressure?
renal regulation
Lymphatic vessels:
return tissue fluid to the bloodstream.
Which lymphatic structure drains lymph from the right upper limb and the right side of the head and thorax?
right lymphatic duct
Which of the following is not a function of lymph nodes?
serve as antigen surveillance areas; produce lymphoid cells and granular WBCs; PRODUCE LYMPH FLUID AND CEREBRO-SPINAL FLUID; act as lymph filters and activate the immune system
When the lymphatic structures are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.
severe localized edema distal to the blockage
When the lymphatics are blocked due to tumors, the result is ________.
severe localized edema distal to the blockage
Leaky capillaries found in the bone marrow are called_________.
sinusoidal capillaries
Both lymph and venous blood flow are heavily dependent on ________.
skeletal muscle contractions and differences in thoracic pressures due to respiratory movement
Peyer's patches are found in the ________.
small intestine
The _____ is the largest lymphoid organ.
spleen
Which lymphoid organ provides a site for lymphocyte proliferation and immune surveillance and response and provides blood-cleansing functions?
spleen
Which of the following lymphoid tissues removes defective red blood cells from the blood?
spleen
Which of the following would not be classified as a lymphatic structure?
spleen
The lymphatic system consists of lymphatic vessels, lymphatic tissue, lymph nodes, ________.
spleen, and thymus
The property of immunological memory is ________.
the ability to recognize and mount an attack on an antigen that was previously encountered
What is the driving force for lymph movement?
the contraction of the adjacent skeletal muscles, pressure changes in the thorax during breathing, and the pulsations of nearby arteries.
A sentinel node is ________.
the first node to receive lymph from an area suspected to be cancerous
specificity
the quality of having a certain action, reacting only with certain substances, as antibodies with certain antigens (antigen specificity). Like B cells with antibodies.
Name two lypmhatic ducts and indicate the body regions usually drained by each.
the right lymphatic duct draines lymph from the right upper limb, head , and thorax. the thoracic duct drains everything else.
The right lymphatic duct drains ________.
the right side of the head and thorax, and the right upper extremity
Which lymphoid organ develops first?
the thymus
The first lymphoid organ to appear in development is (are) the:
thymus
There is a decrease in our ability to fight infection as we age. Which lymphoid organ may have a role in this decline?
thymus
Which is not a mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue?
thymus
Which lymphoid organ serves as the site where T lymphocytes become immunocompetent T cells?
thymus gland
The function of B cells in the immune response is ________.
to produce plasma cells that make antibodies
Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
transporting dietary fats; TRANSPORTING RESPIRATORY GASES; draining excess interstitial fluid; carrying out immune responses
Tonsils promote memory of pathogens by:
trapping pathogens to develop immune cells with memory.
Lymphatic ________ are formed from the union of the largest collecting vessels.
trunks
Once collected, lymph is returned to:
venous circulation
Once collected, lymph is returned to:
venous circulation.
Which of the following is not a normal component of lymph?
water; RED BLOOD CELLS; ions; plasma proteins
The ________ pulp is responsible for the immune functions of the spleen.
white
The ________ pulp of the spleen forms cuffs around the central arteries.
white
Which of the following areas in a secondary lymphoid organ allows intimate contact between blood and the lymphocytes?
white pulp of the spleen