Biology 101 - Chapter 3
Based on evolutionary relationships, which is more likely ancestors to eukaryotic cells?
Archaeans
What material is found in the cell walls of fungi?
Chitin
What are the components of the endomembrane system?
Endoplasmatic Reticulum, Golgi Apparatus, Vesicles, The Nuclear Envelope
What cell structure is assembled in the nucleolus of the nucleus?
Ribosome
The organelle that contains the genetic material in a eukaryotic cell is called the
nucleus.
The _____ membrane separates the cytoplasm from the surrounding environment and regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell.
plasma
Actin filaments can attach, detach, and reattach to _____ to produce movement.
Motor Molecules
A vesicle that contains hydrolytic digestive enzymes is called
lysosome.
Which two eukaryotic organelles function to convert energy into a form that cells can use?
Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
The small structures within the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells that perform specific functions are called
organelles.
The structures that cover the rough endoplasmatic reticulum, giving it a studded appearance, are
ribosomes.
The action known as _____, or exocytosis, involves the release of materials from the cell via vesicles that fuse with the plasma membrane.
Cellular Secretion
Spherical-shaped bacteria are called
coccus/cocci.
The semifluid medium within a cell is called the
cytoplasm.
The internal framework of the cell, which consists of microtubules, actin filaments, and intermediate filaments is collectively referred to as the
cytoskeleton.
The nuclear envelope and endoplasmatic reticulum are components of the
endomembrane system.
The rough ER differs from the smooth ER in that is is covered with
ribosomes.
One meter is equal to how many millimeters?
1,000
Coccus
Spherical-Shaped Cell
The smooth ER synthesizes _____ molecules while the rough ER is involved with the production of _____ molecules.
lipid; protein
The basic unit of living organisms, which can carry out all of the necessary functions of life is the
cell.
The material that is common to the cell walls of plants and algae is called
cellulose.
Cytoskeletal filaments that are larger than actin filaments but smaller than microtubules are called _____ filemants.
intermediate
A darkly staining region that may appear within the nucleus on an electron micrograph is called a _____. This is the location of rRNA production.
nucleus
A rod-shaped bacterium is called a
bacillus.
One meter is equal to how many centimeters?
100
What molecule is used to fuel all energy-dependent cellular processes?
ATP
Mitochondria use carbohydrates to produce
ATP.
The molecule produced by cellular respiration that is used to fuel energy-requiring cellular reactions is
ATP.
What cytoskeletal filament is composed of two twisted chains of monomers and forms a dense web just under the plasma membrane?
Actin Filaments
What are the functions of the cytoskeleton?
Aids in cell division, Cellular structural support, Intracellular transport
Which two domains contain cells that lack a membrane-bound nucleus?
Bacteria and Archaea
What enzyme found within the peroxisome functions to degrade hydrogen peroxide?
Catalase
Which theory states that all organisms are made up of cells that are capable of self-reproduction and come only from preexisting living cells?
Cell Theory
A substance consisting of DNA and associated proteins in a eukaryotic nucleus is called _____. When highly condensed, as it is in preparation for cell division, this material is called _____.
Chromatin; Chromosome
True or false: The main characteristic that distinguished a eukaryotic cell from a prokaryotic cell is the cell wall.
False; It is the nucleus
Spirochete
Flexible, Twisted Rods
What organelle receives proteins and lipid-filled vesicles from the endoplasmatic reticulum and then repackages then for export in secretory vesicles?
Golgi Apparatus
What are the components of the cytoskeleton?
Intermediate filaments, Actin filaments, Microtubules
A protist engulfs a macromolecule via a vesicle. What organelle could fuse to this vesicle and aid in breaking down the macromolecule?
Lysosome
What organelle is formed by the Golgi apparatus?
Lysosomes
Tay-Sachs occurs when a lysosome cannot clean up damaged cellular debris. This leads to a breakdown of which type of cells?
Neural
What are the components of the plasma membrane of prokaryotes?
Phospholipids and Proteins
Which cellular process occurs within chloroplasts?
Photosynthesis
Which biomolecules make up glycocalyx in bacteria cells?
Polysaccharides
Spirilla
Rigid, Twisted Rods
Bacillus
Rod-Shaped Cell
What are the functions of the intermediate filaments?
Support the nuclear envelope, Formation of cell-to-cell junctions, Support the plasma membrane
True or false: Both plant and animal cells contain organelles.
True
True or false: The nucleoplasm has different fluid composition than the cytoplasm of a cell.
True
What are components of the cytoplasm?
Water, Dissolved Organic Molecules, and Salts
Formerly called microfilaments, _____ filaments are long, very thin flexible fibers that account for the formation of pseudopods (false feet) used by some cells in order to move in an amoeboid fashion.
actin
In the plasma membrane of cells, the phospholipids are arranged in a
bilayer.
Tay-Sachs occurs when _____ cannot clean up cellular debris.
lysosomes
In a eukaryotic cell, cellular respiration occurs in the
mitochondria.
All eukaryotic cells convert carbohydrate energy to ATP within an organelle called the
mitochondrion.
Actin filaments can attach, detach, and reattach to _____ to produce movement.
motor molecules
The semifluid material enclosed by the nuclear envelope is called
nucleoplasm.
Vesicles that function in the metabolism of fatty acids and contain an enzyme to break down the hydrogen peroxide byproduct of this metabolism are called
peroxisomes.
During the evolutionary development of eukaryotic cells from prokaryotic cells, the nuclear envelope and membranous organelles may have developed from the _____ _____ of the original prokaryote.
plasma membrane
Chromatin consists of DNA and associated
proteins.
Chloroplasts contain numerous structures called grana, each of which is a stack of
thylakoids.