APES ch 20 & 21 test review

In the U.S., drinking water quality is primarily regulated under the ___.

A. Safe Drinking Water Act

35. One way to deal with the creation of solid wastes begins with the question "How can we avoid producing so much solid waste?" This approach is called ____.

A. Waste reduction

1. ground water is primarily stored in underground _____

A. aquifers

30. Natural and anthropogenic sources of ___ contaminated groundwater are a global problem that results in hundreds of thousands of premature deaths.

A. arsenic

21. Wetlands, estuaries, mangrove swamps, and coral reefs are examples of ___.

A. coastal environments

41. For recycling to be successful, three steps must be applied consistently. The three steps, in order of application, are ___.

A. collecting recyclables, converting recyclables, and buying/selling recyclables

11. E-waste can be recycled to extract ___.

A. high quality plastics

2. Filtration and distillation are ___ methods for detoxifying hazardous waste.

A. physical

42. Which type of method uses natural or genetically engineered plants to absorb, filter, and remove contaminants from soil and water?

A. phytoremediation

23. Materials that are recycled into products of the same type are undergoing ___.

A. primary recycling

49. Which statement about the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone" is FALSE?

B. The Gulf of Mexico is stratified, with warmer, oxygen-rich water on top and cooler, low-oxygen water on bottom.

22. Garbologists have discovered that trash in landfills is slow to decompose. Why is this?

B. Trash is compacted so tightly that sunlight, water, and air are unable to reach it.

27. The primary cause of BP's Deepwater Horizon oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico was ___.

B. an explosion of an oil rig

25. Of the following methods of dealing with hazardous wastes, the MOST desirable is ___.

B. conversion to less hazardous materials

33. Dry cell batteries and household pesticides are classified as ___.

B. hazardous waste

45. A body of water can be depleted of its oxygen by ___.

B. organic wastes

The recycling and composting rate of U.S. municipal solid waste is about ___.

C. 24%

19. About ___ of the U.S. lakes were tested unsafe for fishing, swimming, and other recreational uses.

C. 65%

39. Polluting factories, hazardous waste dumps, incinerators, and landfills in the U.S. are located LEAST in communities populated by ___.

C. Caucasians

17. Of the following organisms, what is the group that is LEAST likely to cause disease?

C. algae

8. Which of the following is a disadvantage of using a plasma torch to detoxify hazardous waste?

C. cost

32. One advantage of bioremediation over physical and chemical methods of cleaning up hazardous wastes is that___.

C. it is cheaper

46. What is an example of an organic contaminant?

C. oil

31. Consumers of recycled products are most effective when they maximize the amount of ___ waste in the products they buy.

C. pre-consumer

28. In the sewer treatment process, the purpose of chlorination involves ___.

C. reacting with organic materials to form chlorinated hydrocarbons

37. One method of biomimicry, in which the wastes produced by one manufacturer become the raw materials for another manufacturer, is called ___.

D. a resource exchange web

36. What is by far the leading cause of water pollution?

D. agricultural activities

5. In an intergraded waste management approach to solid waste, which action would be given LAST priority?

D. bury

38. The Clean Water Act could be strengthened by ___.

D. establishing national pollution standards

16. What is the most common method of storage of hazardous wastes used in most countries of the world?

D. land burial

34. The majority of the oil pollution of the ocean comes from ___.

D. runoff from land

43. Sanitary landfills typically have problems with ___.

D. traffic, noise, and dust

10. What percentage of expensive bottled water is actually bottled tap water?

E. 40%

6. What percentage of e-waste components contain materials that could be recycled or reused?

E. 80

47. The Great Lakes posses ___% of all the surface fresh water in the United States.

E. 95%

7. In a septic tank system, which of the following is FALSE?

E. After leaving the absorption field, wastewater is cleaned and can be used again for human consumption.

13. The individual matters in terms of what can be done to help reduce water pollution. Pollution will not, however, be reduced if we ___.

E. buy commercially produced foods

50. The natural nutrient enrichment of a shallow lake, estuary, or slow moving stream is called ___.

E. eutrophicaton

24. The primary drawback of waterless, odorless composing toilet systems is that they ___.

E. involve expensive upfront installation costs

29. Which activity is the LEAST desirable from an environmental standpoint?

E. recycling

14. One way to deal with the creation of solid wastes is to reduce the environmental impact without trying to reduce the amount of waste produced. This is called ____.

E. waste management

3. The ___ is used in the U.S. to regulate hazardous waste.

A. Resource conservation and Recovery Act

4. The most effective way to produce to protect groundwater is to ___.

A. prevent contamination

20. Taking a refillable coffee cup to the office and using it instead of throwaway cups is an exam,e of ___.

C. reusing

44. The Great Lakes are sensitive to pollution because less than 1% of the water that enters the lakes leaves via the ___River.

D. St. Lawrence

26. Which of the following id a non point source of water pollution?

D. a logged forest

18. Which strategy would be MOST likely to discourage reuse and recycling?

E. Encourage the shipping of hazardous waste to poor communities.

40. Which is LEAST characteristic of hazardous waste?

E. conductivity

Agricultural runoff would be increased if farmers ___.

E. switched from row crops to animal feedlots

48. What is an advantage of deep-well disposal of liquid hazardous wastes?

E. wastes can often be retrieved