APUSH EXAMS IV, V, VI
Which of the following sets of Supreme Court decisions demonstrated the strongest continuity with the idea expressed in the excerpt?
(A) Decisions endorsing the constitutionality of the death penalty, such as Gregg v. Georgia (B) Decisions limiting affirmative action programs, such as Regents of the University of California v. Bakke *(C) Decisions defining individual rights and protections, such as Miranda v. Arizona* (D) Decisions defining election laws, such as Citizens United v. Federal Election Commission
What role, if any, did decolonization play in the Cold War?
(A) Decolonization exclusively benefited the US because countries had to ban communism in exchange for independence (B) Decolonization exclusively benefited the USSR because they occupied many former colonies in an effort to prevent American influence *(C) Decolonization led to a struggle in former colonies between the US and USSR!!!* (D) It played no role in the Cold War because all former-colonies joined the non-aligned conference
Which of the following statements best characterizes the economic consequences of the declaration of war described above?
(A) Decreased trade with Asian nations precipitated economic recession in both the United States and Europe. *(B) The war-ravaged conditions of Asia and Europe allowed the United States to emerge as one of the most prosperous nations on Earth.* (C) Cold War tension isolated the economies of both the Soviet Union and the United States, leading to economic struggle for both nations. (D) Japan was subsequently required to pay reparations to the United States, forcing it into a prolonged depression.
Which of the following best characterizes the policy of detente?
(A) Direct confrontation (B) Covert sabotage (C) Decolonization *(D) Mutual coexistence*
The top goals of the Reagan presidency included
(A) Eliminating all social programs and balancing the federal budget *(B) Reducing the size of the federal government and increasing defense spending* (C) Using the federal government to enforce civil rights and reducing US influence in Central America (D) Increasing income tax rates and strengthening environmental regulations
The reasoning expressed in the passage most directly reflects which of the following?
(A) Federalism contained in the U.S. Constitution *(B) Principles of republican self-government contained in the Declaration of Independence* (C) Disavowal of the Monroe Doctrine (D) Support for the Missouri Compromise
The sentiments expressed in the excerpt above about political parties are most similar to those expressed by
(A) George McGovern, Democratic Party 1972 (B) Theodore Roosevelt, Progressive Party, 1912 *(C) Andrew Jackson, Democratic Party, 1829* (D) H. Ross Perot, Reform Party, 1996
The dismal plight of the "Dust Bowl" refugees was captured in
(A) Harriet Beecher Stowe's' Uncle Tom's Cabin (B) F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby (C) Theodore Dreiser's An American Tragedy *(D) John Steinbeck's The Grapes of Wrath*
The influx of which immigrant groups gave rise to the sentiments in the cartoon?
(A) Immigrants from Northern and Western Europe (B) Immigrants from Central and South America (C) Immigrants from East Asia and Central Asia *(D) Immigrants from Southern and Eastern Europe*
The conflict described above is most likely a result of which of the following doctrines?
(A) Imperialism *(B) Containment* (C) "Big-stick" diplomacy (D) Isolationism
Which of the following was most likely the result of Bryan's speech?
(A) It boosted production in the United States to bring them out of the depression of 1893 (B) It revived the gold standard in the United States, which had been abandoned since 1873. *(C) He united the Populist Party with the Democratic Party to run against the Republicans* (D) Bryan's speech played no role, as he lost the nomination for president to William McKinley.
What impact, if any, did the New Deal have on US politics?
(A) It completely destroyed the Democratic and Republican parties (B) It led to a communist dictatorship (C) None-politics went on without any major changes *(D) It led to an ideological realignment of Republican and Democratic parties.*
What impact did President Roosevelt's New Deal have on the US economy?
(A) It instantly solved the Great Depression *(B) Although it did not end the Great Depression, New Deal programs continued to affect Americans in the 21st century* (C) The New Deal was largely a failure and had little impact on the nation (D) The New Deal was successful but was completely dismantled after the Great Depression ended.
Which of the following sentences best describes the significance of the Scopes Trial?
(A) It was an important case that set new standards for naval safety and equipment (B) It was a minor case about evolution that drew little attention outside of Tennessee (C) It was a major case that established Christianity as the official religion of the United States *(D) It was a major case that highlighted the growing tension between modern and traditional values*
Which one of these presidents was best known for the campaign promise "Read my lips: No new taxes!"?
(A) Jimmy Carter (B) Ronald Reagan *(C) George H. W. Bush* (D) Bill Clinton
The ideas expressed by the artist in the political cartoon illustrate which of the following issues of the Industrial Revolution?
(A) Labor unions had too much influence in the government (B) The US Senate was able to pass legislation to promote fair business practices *(C) The belief that monopolies controlled the US Senate* (D) The economy was producing an equitable society.
Which of the following least represents the argument over bimetallism as expressed in Jennings's speech?
(A) Laborers and farmers tended to support an inflationary money policy through the silver standard *(B) Industrialists favored the silver standard because it allowed them to grow their business by putting more money in their pockets* (C) The use of the gold standard was supported by Republicans and industrialists because it allowed them to control financial policies (D) The use of the silver standard was widely accepted in the southern and western portions of the United States because of its agricultural industry.
Which of the following advantages helped the United States achieve victory in World War II?
(A) Large reserve of manpower (B) Powerful industrial capacity (C) Advanced technology such as the atomic bomb *(D) All of the above*
The actions expressed in the excerpts of the Dawes Act most clearly show the influence of which of the following?
(A) Legislative supremacy as contained in the Articles of Confederation (B) Orderly creation of new states as contained in the Northwest Ordinance *(C) Separation of powers as contained in the US Constitution* (D) Civil liberties contained in the Bill of Rights
Which one of the following was an unintended consequence of the liberal successes of the 1960s?
(A) Liberal Democrats abandoned anti-war protests in a show of support for President Johnson *(B) Conservative Republicans mobilized to defend traditional mores and curb government authority* (C) Economic recession catalyzed by increased government spending "stagflation." (D) A majority of Northern black voters abandoned the Democrat party, siding with Republicans.
The ideas expressed by Clinton in the excerpt were most similar to those of which twentieth-century president?
(A) Lyndon Johnson *(B) Ronald Reagan* (C) Franklin Roosevelt (D) Woodrow Wilson
The Brown decision reversed which of the following earlier decisions?
(A) Marbury v. Madison, which established the principle of judicial review (B) Worcester v. Georgia, which established that the federal government rather than individual states had authority in American Indian affairs (C) Dred Scott v. Sandford, which proclaimed that slaves could not be citizens *(D) Plessy v. Ferguson, which endorsed racial segregation laws*
Muir's position regarding wilderness was most strongly supported by which of the following?
(A) Members of the Populist movement (B) Urban political bosses (C) American Indians living on reservations *(D) Preservationists concerned about overuse of natural resources*
Which of the following actions by the Clinton Administration was most harmonious with Liberal Democrat values?
(A) Military peacekeeping interventions in the Balkans and Somalia (B) Welfare benefit reform to encourage young mothers to reenter the workforce (C) Free trade agreements such as NAFTA and GATT *(D) The effort to pass a universal health care legislation in the Congress*
Which of the following groups would be most opposed to the sentiments expressed in the excerpt above?
(A) Neoconservatives (B) Reagan Democrats *(C) Progressive Liberals* (D) Populists
The "free silver" campaign of 1896 received its greatest popular support from
(A) New England businessmen who were discriminated against under the existing banking system (B) Southern women, who incorporated it into a larger campaign for economic equality (C) Bankers, who had run out of paper currency to invest *(D) Farmers, who hoped that a more generous money supply would ease their debt burden*
Of the following polices, which was NOT a main objective of American Progressives?
(A) Passage of the Pure Food and Water Act (B) Creation of national forests and protected wildlife reserves (C) Initiation of antitrust lawsuits against various corporate monopolies *(D) Intervention in the affairs of Central American governments*
Which of the following was the most immediate result of the decision excerpted?
(A) Radicals critiqued government actions as doing too little to transform the racial status quo. (B) Education advocates raised awareness of the effect of poverty on students' opportunities. (C) Civil rights activists became increasingly divided over tactical and philosophical issues. *(D) Segregationists in southern states temporarily closed many public schools in an effort to resist the decision.*
Henry Clew's opinion was most likely a reaction to which of the following?
(A) Rapid industrialization after the Civil War (B) Increasing immigration to the United States from Europe (C) The lack of work opportunities for Americans in factories *(D) The result of violent events like the Great Railroad Strike of 1877 and the Haymarket Affair*
Progressive Theodore Roosevelt's "Big Stick" policy in Latin America was best characterized by his
(A) Repudiation of the Monroe Doctrine (B) Belief that European nations had the right to protect their economic interests in any remaining colonies throughout the region (C) Recognition of the sovereignty of newly independent nations in the Western Hemisphere *(D) Belief that the United States had an obligation to protect security and stability throughout the Western hemisphere*
Who of the following would most likely support the sentiments of the previous excerpt
(A) Samuel Gompers *(B) Grover Cleveland* (C) Terence V. Powderly (D) Mother Jones
During the 1990s, President George H. W. Bush
(A) Signed the welfare reform bill (B) Persuaded Anwar Sadat and Menachem Begin to sign the Camp David Accords *(C) Sent troops to fight in the Persian Gulf War* (D) Cut taxes and social services
Which of the following is LEAST associated with the Populist movement?
(A) Support of labor unions* (B) Secret ballot elections (C) Free coinage of silver *(D) Deregulation of railroads and utilities*
Which of the following groups would be most likely to support the demands in the previous passage?
(A) Supporters of the New South *(B) The People's (Populist) Party* (C) Proponents of "conspicuous consumption" (D) Advocates of business consolidation
Which of the following was NOT a major contributing factor to the onset of the Great Depression?
(A) Technological advances had allowed farmers and manufacturers to overproduce, creating large inventories. *(B) The federal government interfered too frequently with the economy, causing investors to lose confidence.* (C) Stock investors had been allowed to speculate wildly, creating an unstable and volatile stock market. (D) Major businesses were controlled by so few producers that the failure of any one had considerable effect on the national economy.
Which of the following was not associated with the temperance movement of the late 19th century?
(A) The Anti-Saloon League (B) The National Prohibition Party (C) Women's Christian Temperance Union *(D) Order of the Star-Spangled Banner*
All of the following were part of Johnson's Great Society program EXCEPT
(A) The Civil Rights Act of 1964 (B) Medicare and Medicaid (C) The establishment of the Department of Housing and Urban Development *(D) The balance budget mandate*
Which of the following regulatory laws was passed as a result of Upton Sinclair's The Jungle?
(A) The Clayton Antitrust Act (B) The Hepburn Act (C) The Sherman Antitrust Act *(D) The Pure Food and Drug Act*
Which of the following does NOT accurately describe the presidential election of 1968?
(A) The Democratic Party was fractured due to dissent over the Vietnam War (B) A frontrunner for one of the major parties was assassinated during the primary season *(C) Both major-party candidates campaigned as Washington outsiders* (D) A third-party candidacy split the traditionally Democratic Southern vote
What long-term factors led to World War II?
(A) The Holocaust and persecution of the Jews *(B) Appeasement and the rise of fascism* (C) A strong League of Nations which disarmed Allied powers (D) The Great Depression and the Cold War
Which of the following did not contribute to the emergence of the New Right of the 1970s and 1980s?
(A) The Moral Majority movement (B) The popularity of Ronald Reagan (C) The "stagflation" economic condition of the 1970s *(D) The drop in the stock market*
The main point of this political cartoon most directly reflects which of the following ideas?
(A) The Social Gospel, a Protestant intellectual movement to help to plight of the poor at the turn of the 20th century (B) Progressivism, from 1900 to 1924 (C) Populism, a pro-agricultural movement, from 1890 to 1896 *(D) Social Darwinism, a belief that only the fittest would survive in business, from 1870s and 1880s.*
The temperance movement of the late 19th century was given most of its support from which region of the country?
(A) The South (B) The northwest *(C) The West* (D) The Midwest
Advocates for individuals such as those shown in the image would have most likely agreed with which of the following perspectives?
(A) The Supreme Court's decision in Plessy v. Ferguson was justified. (B) Capitalism, free of government regulation, would improve social conditions. (C) Both wealth and poverty are the products of natural selection. *(D) Government should act to eliminate the worst abuses of industrial society.*
Which of the following statements best describes relationship between the US and USSR during the Cold War?
(A) The US and USSR were always engaged in a fierce military and political rivalry (B) The US and USSR were completely sealed off from each other and had no contact at all during the Cold War (C) The US and USSR maintained a facade that upheld the friendship of their alliance during World War II *(D) The US and USSR fluctuated between periods of indirect conflict and mutual coexistence*
What stance did the US take towards the USSR during the Cold War?
(A) The US decided to launch a direct invasion of the USSR to destroy communism once and for all *(B) The US used diplomatic, political, and economic tools to try and contain the USSR* (C) The US did nothing because we were shocked by the carnage of World War II and reverted to isolationism (D) The US sent money and technology directly to Soviet citizens to convince them communism was inferior
Which of the following statements about the Treaty of Versailles is true?
(A) The United States Senate rejected it because it treated Germany too leniently *(B) The United States Senate rejected it because it required increased American involvement in European affairs* (C) The United States Senate approved it, with reservations concerning the division of Eastern Europe (D) It was never voted on by the United States Senate
Which one of the following legislative acts is most closely of nativism?
(A) The Wagner Act of 1935 *(B) The Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798* (C) The Espionage Act of 1917 (D) The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965
Which of the following best represents continuity in the years after 1945 with the ideas that Roosevelt expressed in the excerpt?
(A) The conviction and execution of suspected Soviet spies in the United States *(B) United States membership in an international peacekeeping body* (C) United States military commitment to countries battling communist insurgencies (D) The rise of peace organizations opposed to the buildup and use of nuclear weapons
Inflation throughout the 1970s was driven in large part by
(A) The cost of funding the Vietnam War *(B) Rapidly increasing gasoline and oil prices* (C) Government investment in the space program (D) A dramatic reduction of income tax rates
Which of the following actions by the Clinton administration best reflects the ideas about the scope of government expressed in the excerpt?
(A) The decision to pursue military peacekeeping interventions in the Balkans and Somalia *(B) The enactment of welfare reform to restrict benefits and encourage self-reliance* (C) The negotiation of new free trade agreements among North American countries (D) The effort to enact universal health care legislation
Which of the following pieces of evidence would counteract the ideal of the new South as described by Henry Grady?
(A) The development of the iron and steel industries in Birmingham, Alabama (B) Industrial development in New Orleans and other Gulf Coast cities (C) The restructuring of the South's agricultural system *(D) The existence of sharecropping and the crop-lien system.*
Which of the following aspects of Muir's description expresses a major change in Americans' views of the natural environment?
(A) The idea that wilderness areas are worthy subjects for artistic works (B) The idea that wilderness areas serve as evidence of divine creation *(C) The idea that government should preserve wilderness areas in a natural state* (D) The idea that mountainous scenery is more picturesque and beautiful than flat terrain
Conditions like those shown in the image contributed most directly to which of the following?
(A) The passage of laws restricting immigration to the United States *(B) An increase in Progressive reform activity* (C) A decline in efforts to Americanize immigrants (D) The weakening of labor unions such as the American Federation of Labor
John F. Kennedy was unable to accomplish much of his stated civil rights agenda during his lifetime primarily because
(A) The war in Vietnam demanded his full attention (B) African American leaders refused to work with him (C) His vice president Lyndon Johnson opposed any changes to civil rights laws *(D) The tactics of the civil rights movement made any association with it politcally untenable*
Which of the following was the most immediate consequence of the events described in the excerpt above?
(A) Trade embargoes with Japan extending up through the 1980s (B) The Battle of Normandy *(C) The internment of Japanese-Americans* (D) The bombing of Nagasaki
The two political issues that most concerned the Counterculture Movement of the 1960s were
(A) U.S. involvement in Vietnam and flag burning (B) The civil rights movement and censorship *(C) U.S. involvement in Vietnam and the civil rights movement* (D) Censorship and the draft
Along with his goals of establishing a Great Society, Johnson was also engaged in which of the following initiatives?
(A) Undermining Communism in Cuba with the Bay of Pigs Invasion *(B) Undermining Communism in Vietnam after the Tet Offensive* (C) Undermining Communism in Turkey and Greece using economic aid (D) Undermining Communism in the Eastern Block by demanding a removal of the Berlin Wall.
The graph above is consistent with which of the following true statements about the era portrayed?
(A) Unemployment rates began to drop with the election of Herbert Hoover in 1933. (B) Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal produced a constant decrease in US unemployment rates. *(C) A full economic recovery did not occur until the US involvement in World War II.* (D) A brief economic recovery in 1937 sparked a sudden increase in US employment.
In response to several unfavorable Supreme Court rulings concerning New Deal programs, Franklin Roosevelt
(A) Urged the voting public to write letters of protest to Supreme Court justices (B) Submitted four separate Constitutional amendments broadening the powers of the presidency (C) Abandoned the New Deal and replaced it with a laissez-faire policy *(D) Proposed legislation that would allow him to appoint new federal and Supreme Court judges*
All of the following increased federal government power during World War I EXCEPT the
(A) War Industries Board (B) Food Administration (C) Espionage Act *(D) Dawes Plan*
Which of the following was most directly a cause of the success of the Populist party?
(A) Western farmers and ranchers favored conservation and organized to promote the National Parks system *(B) The growth of corporate and banking interests inspired rural activists to lobby for political reform* (C) Western farmers resisted the mechanization of agriculture and resented government interference in rural affairs* (D) After the Civil War, westward migration slowed, causing a long-term recession in many Western territories
Perhaps one of the most powerful trusts of the Gilded Age, as illustrated, was controlled by
(A) William Vanderbilt *(B) John Rockefeller* (C) Andrew Carnegie (D) William Marcy Tweed
The excerpt above is most likely a response to
(A) World War I patriotism *(B) Immigration quotas* (C) Labor strikes (D) The Red Scare
Would the Underwood-Simmons Tariff of 1913 be generally endorsed by Progressives of that era?
(A) Yes, because they were largely supporters of Teddy Roosevelt's "Square Deal" *(B) Yes, because most Democrats advocated lower duties* (C) No, because they were largely supporters of Teddy Roosevelt's "New Nationalism" (D) No, because they were largely opponents of Woodrow Wilson
The Interstate Commerce Act, one of the first anti-trust legislations, had the effect of
(A) allowing railroad owners to ship goods across state lines without inspection (B) giving the federal government the power to regulate rates of interstate commerce *(C) regulating trusts' abilities to control commerce and rates across state lines* (D) lowering tariffs for certain goods that America needed from foreign countries
The Immigration Act of 1924 produced highly discriminatory results because it
(A) created a guest worker program that encouraged temporary immigration but denied citizenship (B) relied on a series of literacy tests and physical examinations to manage immigration *(C) placed restrictions on immigration by national origin, ethnicity, and race* (D) encouraged immigration of people with highly sought after skills or family in the United States
The Immigration Act of 1924 most directly reflected
(A) cultural tensions between scientific modernism and religious fundamentalism in the 1920s (B) conflicts arising from the migration of African Americans to urban centers in the North (C) the emergence of an increasingly national culture in the 1920s shaped by art, cinema, and mass media *(D) social tensions emerging from the First World War*
The excerpt best reflects an effort by Roosevelt to
(A) encourage the ratification of the Treaty of Versailles (B) promote the acquisition of new territories abroad (C) contain the spread of Soviet-dominated communism *(D) overcome opposition to participation in the impending Second World War*
The 1891 Immigration Act
(A) granted responsibility for immigration to the states (B) repealed the Chinese Exclusion Act of 1882 *(C) created a federal office to supervise the admission or rejection of immigrants at US ports of entry* (D) specifically limited immigration from Latin America
The pro-temperance poster was designed to
(A) illustrate the success of men involved in the business of distilling *(B) show the effects of alcohol consumption on a family* (C) gain support for women's suffrage (D) show how prohibition hurt American families
The poster was intended to
(A) persuade women to enlist in the military (B) promote the ideals of republican motherhood (C) advocate for the elimination of sex discrimination in employment *(D) convince women that they had an essential role in the war effort*
The Gilded Age was an economic period known for
(A) strong presidents who controlled the private industry and often regulated it (B) Congressional laws that disenfranchised trusts in order to give power back to the federal government *(C) an era when big business controlled almost every aspect of government and the American economy* (D) major advancements in workers' rights and their ability to be paid equal wages
Truman issued the doctrine primarily in order to
(A) support decolonization in Asia and Africa (B) support United States allies in Latin America (C) protect United States interests in the Middle East *(D) bolster noncommunist nations, particularly in Europe*
Which of the following statements is most accurate?
*(A) After World War I, debates intensified over American involvement overseas* (B) After World War I, Americans generally favored the new era of American involvement overseas. (C) American involvement in World War I was an extension of a long tradition of involvement overseas (D) American involvement in World War I was a direct result of "dollar diplomacy"
Which of the following evidence would best support Ngai's argument in the excerpt?
*(A) Census data showing the changing percentages of the foreign-born population from 1920 to 1930* (B) Narratives describing the challenges of immigrant family life in the 1920s (C) Diplomatic correspondence reflecting the increasing isolationism of United States foreign policy in the 1920s and 1930s (D) Census data revealing the Great Migration of African Americans to cities in the North and West in the 1920s
In harmony with the sentiments of the excerpt above, which of the following best characterizes the "Square Deal" of Theodore Roosevelt?
*(A) Conservation, trust-busting, consumer protection* (B) Protective tariffs, centralized banking, conservation (C) Equal opportunity, women's suffrage, laissez- faire economics (D) Laissez-faire economics, support of labor unions,conservation
Since the end of the Cold war, the continuing American impulse to intervene in the economic and political affairs of other nations around the world is motivated by all of the following EXCEPT
*(A) Fears of renewed Soviet expansion* (B) The protection of human rights (C) American economic interests (D) The desire to promote and develop democratic institutions in former communist and Third World nations
What was the main strategy President Roosevelt used in the New Deal to try and end the Great Depression?
*(A) Increased government regulation and spending* (B) Laissez-faire economics and private charity (C) An early form of "pay it forward" where citizens did good deeds for each other (D) The establishment of communism and the destruction of private property
What best accounts for the sharp increase of immigrants during the period 1880-1910?
*(A) Many Southern and Eastern Europeans turned to America for financial gain and political freedom* (B) Irish farmers were forced to leave their homes due to agricultural disasters (C) Germans were seeking ways to avoid military conscription (D) The United States welcomed immigrants by providing housing and employment
From the quote above, it is reasonable to infer that
*(A) Many Vietnamese viewed the United States as a colonial influence* (B) Most Vietnamese were opposed to Communism (C) Most Vietnamese favored Communism (D) Some Viet Cong fought alongside American troops in opposition to North Vietnam.
The Agricultural Adjustment Act of 1933 sought to lessen the effects of the Depression by
*(A) Paying farmers to cut production and, in some cases, destroy crops* (B) Purchasing farms and turning them into government collectives (C) Instituting an early retirement program for farmers over the age of 50 (D) Encouraging farmers to increase production
Which one of the following movements most closely shared many of the goals outlined by the Populist Party?
*(A) Progressives of the early 1900s* (B) Neoconservatism of the 1980s (C) Federalism of the late 1700s (D) Jacksonian Democracy of the early 1800s
In his 1985 State of the Union Address, Ronald Reagan articulated his foreign policy goals in what has come to be known as the Reagan Doctrine. Like Truman, Reagan pledged to
*(A) Support anti-communist resistance movements, particularly in the Third World* (B) Sponsor covert military operations to overthrow communist regimes in Eastern Europe (C) Ease tensions between the Soviet Union and the United States (D) Broker a peace agreement between the Palestinians and the Israelis
The most important factor in the defeat of Democratic presidential candidates in the elections of 1952 and 1968 was
*(A) The American public's desire to avoid conflict and return to a more conservative political and social life* (B) The Democratic Party platform pledge to increase taxes in order to pay off the national debt (C) The Democratic candidates' controversial positions on civil rights legislation (D) The Democratic Party's unequivocal support of the Equal Rights Amendment
John's Great Society most represented an extension of which of the following initiatives?
*(A) The New Deal* (B) The Square Deal (C) The Truman Doctrine (D) The Monroe Doctrine
The above statements were most likely made after which major event?
*(A) The bombing of Pearl Harbor* (B) The sinking of the U.S.S. Maine (C) The bombing of the U.S.S. Liberty (D) The Boxer Rebellion
All of the following are factors that contributed to the prominence of conservatism in the late 1970s and 1980s EXCEPT
*(A) The success of the Libertarian party in national elections* (B) The growth of religious fundamentalism (C) Perceived economic and foreign policy failures under President Carter (D) Social changes following the Civil Rights movement and Vietnam War
The statement above is most in harmony with the sentiments in which of the following speeches?
*(A) Washington's Farewell Address* (B) George H.W. Bush's "A Thousand Points of Light" (C) Lincoln's Gettysburg Address (D) Franklin D. Roosevelt's "Day of Infamy"
How, if at all, did the status of women change in the early 20th century?
*(A) Women gained greater economic and political freedom* (B) Women were forced to choose between motherhood and a career (C) Women became unwilling participants in the modern economy (D) It changed very little-the "New Woman" was largely fiction
The ideas expressed in the excerpt differed from the prevailing United States approach to foreign policy issues primarily in that Roosevelt was
*(A) arguing to expand the role of the United States in the world* (B) encouraging the United States to avoid political entanglements in Europe (C) seeking to promote United States influence throughout Latin America (D) encouraging new laws that would give the United States international police power
Muir's ideas are most directly a reaction to the
*(A) increasing usage and exploitation of western landscapes* (B) increase in urban populations, including immigrant workers attracted by a growing industrial economy (C) westward migration of groups seeking religious refuge (D) opening of a new frontier in recently annexed territory
The decision excerpted most directly reflected a growing belief after the Second World War that the power of the federal government should be used to
*(A) promote greater racial justice* (B) revitalize cities (C) foster economic opportunity (D) defend traditional visions of morality
The statements of both Truman and Reagan share the same goal of
*(A) restraining communist military power and ideological influence* (B) creating alliances with recently decolonized nations (C) reestablishing the principle of isolationism (D) avoiding a military confrontation with the Soviet Union
The conditions shown in the image depict which of the following trends in the late nineteenth century?
*(A) the growing gap between rich and poor* (B) the rise of the settlement house and Populist movements (C) increased corruption in urban politics (D) the migration of African Americans to the North in the late nineteenth century
The poster most directly reflects the
*(A) wartime mobilization of United States society* (B) emergence of the United States as a leading world power (C) expanded access to consumer goods during wartime (D) wartime repression of civil liberties
The statement above was most likely prompted by which of the following world events?
(A) Cuban revolt against Spanish control (B) Adolph Hitler's invasion of Poland *(C) Austria-Hungary's declaration of war against Serbia* (D) Mussolini's invasion of Ethiopia
All of the following acts of President Ronald Reagan's administration are characterized as a return to conservative political values EXCEPT
(A) Cuts in the federal budget *(B) The appointment of Sandra Day O'Connor to the Supreme Court* (C) Tax cuts for corporations (D) The loosening of government regulations
The process described in the Dawes Act most directly reflects which of the following continuities in United States history?
(A) Debates about expansion of voting rights *(B) Debates about the role of assimilation in national identity* (C) Debates about the growth of executive power (D) Debates about economic globalization
Which of the following situations most directly resulted from the passage of this act?
(A) An increase in Native American tribal lands west of the Mississippi River (B) A decrease in federal control over Native American affairs (C) An increase in immigration from southern and eastern Europe after 1890 *(D) A reduction in tribal autonomy*
During the 1950s and early 1960s, the Warren Court was often criticized for
(A) Backing down from the Brown decision in its other civil rights rulings (B) Exercising judicial restraint (C) Protecting civil rights for African Americans while denying rights for political activist and communists *(D) In effect, enacting "judicial legislation" through its rulings on individual rights*
The incident that began a chain of events that became one of the most infamous presidential scandals in American history and eventually led to the resignation of Richard Nixon was the
(A) Burglary of Daniel Ellsberg's psychiatrist's office (B) Political sabotage of Nixon's opponent, George McGovern (C) Illegal use of the CIA to hush up the FBI's investigation of the events surrounding the publication of the Pentagon Papers *(D) Break-in and attempted bugging of the Democratic party's national headquarters*
Reagan's speech best reflects which of the following developments in United States foreign policy?
(A) Caution resulting from earlier setbacks in international affairs *(B) Assertions of U.S. opposition to communism* (C) The expansion of peacekeeping efforts (D) The pursuit of free trade worldwide
"Muckraking" author Jacob A. Riis's How the Other Half Lives best exemplifies which of the following quotes from the excerpt above?
(A) "The duty laid upon us by our fathers" (B) "Masters of their Constitution" (C) "An instrument of injustice" *(D) "Without which no republic can endure"*
Based on the excerpt of Henry Grady's New South, which of the following statements best describes the change in the description of the American identity?
(A) After the Civil War, the South accepted the new status of the African Americans as an equal citizen *(B) The South had done away with the hierarchical plantation system and replaced it with a more egalitarian society* (C) The new South was the first region to grant political equality to women. (D) The South had become as industrialized as the North.
Which of the following pairs of words best characterizes the differences between the approaches of Presidents Lyndon Johnson (1963-1969) and Richard Nixon (1969-1974) to the Vietnam conflict?
(A) Aggression vs. pacifism (B) Competency vs. failure *(C) Insurgence vs. retreat* (D) Appeasement vs. provocation
What consequences did World War II have on status of the United States?
(A) Although it was a great victory, the US quickly reverted to isolationism in order to avoid being drawn into another bloody conflict *(B) Although it was a great victory, the US was only one of many powerful nations that emerged victorious after the conflict* (C) The US emerged from the war as one of only two victorious nations and became a dominant world power (D) World War II was a pyrrhic victory for all involved-victory came at a high cost that negated any benefits of victory
