apwh unit 2

The domestic labor of the enslaved woman in the sketch is most similar to the predominant form of slavery in which of the following regions? A Africa B The Caribbean C Russia D South America

Africa

Which of the following best explains why the painting was seen as a challenge to social conventions when it was painted? A Women were rarely the subject of paintings in European art of the period. B Caribbean society was built on racial hierarchies that generally reserved elite status for people of European ancestry. C In most cultures of the period, children were not considered worthy of being portrayed in art until they reached adulthood. D Caribbean society was predominantly matriarchal, with men expected to play strictly domestic roles in the household.

Caribbean society was built on racial hierarchies that generally reserved elite status for people of European ancestry.

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his claim that the arrival of the Spanish "destroyed our people"? A The Spanish spread infectious disease among the Maya. B The Spanish conquered all Maya towns. C Maya people became poor. D The Spanish assassinated the king's eldest son.

The Spanish conquered all Maya towns.

Which of the following best describes Alfred Crosby's argument in the passage above? A Various Amerindian groups did not have contact with each other before 1492. B Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage. C The genetic makeup of the native population of the Americas remained unchanged until 1492. D By 1492 Amerindians generally had migrated for shorter distances than had other groups.

Amerindians' long isolation from the rest of the world had placed them at a biological disadvantage.

The judge's decision in the case is best understood in the context of colonial authorities' policy of A encouraging the spread of indigenous Christian practices, such as the cult of the Virgin of Guadalupe B ensuring that intercommunal conflicts were brought under control before they could disrupt public order C maintaining the continued inflow of coerced labor through the asiento system D favoring Spanish-born rather than American-born individuals in official appointments and promotions

ensuring that intercommunal conflicts were brought under control before they could disrupt public order

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by the expansion in the production of A cotton B sugar C tobacco D rice E coffee

sugar

The passage could best be used to explain which of the following developments in the Americas in the period 1500-1750 ? A Enslaved peoples and their descendants were frequently recruited into the armies of colonial empires. B Some of the descendants of enslaved peoples gradually came to own large sugar plantations. C Some enslaved peoples won their freedom by taking legal action against plantation owners in colonial courts. D Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.

Enslaved peoples and their descendants used violent means to escape oppression and maintain their freedom.

Which of the following best describes the impact on African society of the trade depicted on the map? A Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished. B Bantu peoples increasingly migrated southwards and eastwards. C African societies became increasingly monotheistic as they adopted Islam. D African states underwent significant urbanization as rural agricultural populations diminished.

Gender and family roles were restructured as the male population in West Africa diminished.

For the period circa 1650-1790, the differences between clove prices in Southeast Asia and those in Amsterdam best support which of the following conclusions? A Imperialism economically benefited those Asians who collaborated with the Europeans and harmed those Asians who resisted European control. B Imperialism led directly to the articulation of anticolonial ideologies based on Enlightenment principles. C Imperialism was undertaken mostly to prevent the expansion of rival European powers and resulted in the colonization of areas of no direct economic interest to Europeans. D Imperialism economically benefited European merchants and governments while leading to the economic decline or stagnation of Asian producers.

Imperialism economically benefited European merchants and governments while leading to the economic decline or stagnation of Asian producers.

The expansion of trade routes along the coast of Africa as shown on Map 2 was most directly facilitated by which of the following? A Expanding Chinese influence as a result of maritime voyages under the Ming dynasty B Changes in fishing practices in the Indian Ocean C Improved ship designs and navigational technologies D Commercial decline in Europe as a result of the global cooling of climate known as the Little Ice Age

Improved ship designs and navigational technologies

The implicit claim made by the image about a connection between religious devotion and maritime exploration best demonstrates which of the following in the period circa 1450-1750 ? A Increasing global connections expanded the reach of existing religions. B Church authorities argued that religious diversity should be respected and protected. C The intensification of cross-cultural interactions resulted in the development of syncretic religions. D Religious motivations for European exploration and colonization were secondary to economic motivations.

Increasing global connections expanded the reach of existing religions.

Based on the passage and your knowledge of world history, which of the following can be inferred about the economic hierarchy in San Juan Peribán? A Mulattoes and mestizos had no property rights and worked as tenant farmers on creole-owned plantations. B Creoles were predominantly employed in commerce and administration, whereas mulattoes and mestizos were predominantly employed in agriculture. C Mulatto and mestizo communities had some economic resources, but creoles were still economically dominant. D Creoles were being outcompeted economically by their mulatto and mestizo counterparts and were becoming impoverished as a result.

Mulatto and mestizo communities had some economic resources, but creoles were still economically dominant.

The production of the plaque in Goa is best understood in the immediate context of which of the following? A The establishment of plantation economies B The spread of printing-press technology C The development of trading-post empires D The decline of Asian states such as the Mughal Empire

The development of trading-post empires

A likely purpose for including the religious figure in the plaque was to show that A salvation for the Portuguese inhabitants of Goa could be obtained only by rejecting material wealth B Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces C because of their belief in the prophecy of Jesus, the Muslim inhabitants of Goa could also obtain salvation D Jesus was going to provide the Portuguese with new sailing technologies for their ships if they continued to follow him

Portuguese naval activities in the Indian Ocean region were favored by divine forces

The trade illustrated by the map contributed most directly to which of the following? A The Glorious Revolution B The French Revolution C The Haitian Revolution D The Cuban Revolution

The Haitian Revolution

Which of the following most directly led to the arrival of substantial numbers of Africans in the Americas at the time of the painting? A The collapse of the Inca and Aztec Empires as a result of Spanish invasion B The growth of industrial production in the United States C The expansion of the plantation system for growing sugarcane and other crops D The development of large-scale silver mining operations in South America

The expansion of the plantation system for growing sugarcane and other crops

Which of the following pieces of evidence does the author use to support his implicit argument that Maya society underwent a dramatic cultural change in the sixteenth century? A Dominican friars knew the Maya language. B The Maya were converted to Christianity. C The Maya nobility lost its social status. D Maya people before the conquest were illiterate.

The Maya were converted to Christianity.

The dispute described in the court case is most directly an effect of which of the following processes in colonial American societies? A The economic tensions between landowning elites and landless peasants B The emergence of new syncretic forms of religious beliefs and rituals C The demographic collapse of the indigenous Amerindian population as a result of the spread of infectious disease D The formation of new identities as part of the restructuring of social

The formation of new identities as part of the restructuring of social

Which of the following is best concluded about slavery in British North America from the graph above and knowledge of the period? A The increase in the number of slaves reflected a probable increase in the demand for plantation laborers. B The American Revolution abolished slavery in the former British North American colonies. C By 1770, the number of slaves in British North America surpassed the number of slaves in Spanish America. D By 1770, slaves outnumbered immigrants in British North America.

The increase in the number of slaves reflected a probable increase in the demand for plantation laborers.

Based on the chart and your knowledge of world history, which of the following most directly enabled the Dutch to establish and enforce a monopoly on the Southeast Asian clove trade in the seventeenth century? A The nutritional benefits of the Columbian Exchange B The development of powerful joint-stock commercial companies C Dutch advances in mapmaking and navigational skills D Advances in medicine that improved Europeans' ability to survive tropical diseases

The development of powerful joint-stock commercial companies

All of the following pieces of evidence in the passage directly support the author's claim that the "pestilence" was "terrible" EXCEPT: A The Maya king died in the epidemic. B Fear of the disease drove Maya people to commit suicide. C The disease killed members of the Maya elite, including elders and priests. D The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.

The disease led to the arrival of Dominican friars.

The actions of the Maroons that forced British colonial authorities to conclude a treaty with them are best explained as evidence of reactions against which of the following global trends in the period 1450-1750 ? A The persistent spread of epidemic diseases B The continuing impoverishment of indigenous populations resulting from agricultural transfers C The increase in armed conflict resulting from state rivalries over control of trade routes D The increasing expansion and centralization of state power

The increasing expansion and centralization of state power

Navarro's economic observations expressed in the passage above are best understood in the context of which of the following? A The Spanish-Portuguese colonial rivalry in the Atlantic B The influx of silver from the Americas into the Spanish economy C The practice of governments devaluing their currencies by reducing the proportion of precious metals in their coins D The beginning of large-scale importation of silver by China from Spanish mines in the Americas

The influx of silver from the Americas into the Spanish economy

For the period circa 1580-1650, which of the following most directly caused the price fluctuations shown in the chart? A The replacement of traditional landed elites by new commercial elites in many parts of Eurasia B The declining military power and international influence of the Mughal Empire C The establishment of Caribbean plantation economies based on the production of cash crops by slave labor D The intensification of competition among European states over the control of profitable maritime trade routes

The intensification of competition among European states over the control of profitable maritime trade routes

On a global scale, which of the following most directly led to the expansion of the trade between Europe and Asia in the time period reflected in the chart? A European merchants' role in exporting European manufactured goods to Asia B The consistently high demand for European luxury goods among Chinese customers C The shifting balance of trade as a result of the circulation of American silver D The collapse of existing Indian Ocean trading networks

The shifting balance of trade as a result of the circulation of American silver

The material used to create the plaque best reflects which of the following historical situations in the Indian Ocean region in the period 1450-1750 ? A Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods. B European luxury goods became increasingly popular among Asian populations in the region. C Natural resources from the Americas allowed Asian producers to diversify the products they sold to European merchants. D European artisans in the region increasingly copied Islamic and Indian styles in their artistic productions.

Trade networks continued to flourish and gave Europeans direct access to precious luxury goods.

Which of the following aspects of Map 2 can best be used to support the claim that a truly global trading system developed during the period from 1450 to 1750 ? A Trade routes extending east and west from Eurasia toward the Americas B Extensive overland trade routes in Eurasia C The existence of Mediterranean trade routes connecting Europe, Asia and Africa D The continued presence of multiple long-distance trade routes to India

Trade routes extending east and west from Eurasia toward the Americas

All of the following were significant environmental effects of the trade illustrated on the map EXCEPT A the spread of Afro-Eurasian diseases in the Americas B soil depletion and erosion from intensive agriculture in the Caribbean C American foods becoming staple crops in Africa D air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels

air pollution resulting from the increased exploitation of fossil fuels

The trend shown on the graph above is best explained by A increased production of cash crops like sugar B growth of silver mining in New Spain C industrialized textile mills' demand for raw cotton D African slave-trading kingdoms' demand for European trade goods

increased production of cash crops like sugar

Article 4 of the treaty is best explained as evidence of how states in the period 1450-1750 sought to A suppress resistance to their rule by co-opting local groups B grant military titles as a way of encouraging the loyalty of their subjects C provide financial incentives to minority populations to participate in local administration D promote intermarriage between different ethnic populations in order to reduce conflict

suppress resistance to their rule by co-opting local groups