Aquatic Science unit #10
What is water scarcity?
refers to an imbalance in both the availability and demand of clean, freshwater
Which of the following is NOT a way in which you can save water?
taking baths instead of showers
What is virtual water?
the amount of water it takes to grow a certain amount of food
aquaculture?
the growing and harvesting of both freshwater or saltwater aquatic species, such as aquatic plants, algae, and animals
Where does water scarcity come from? Select all that apply.
the pollution of ground and surface water conflicts between regions and countries that share the same water source
Define eutrophication.
the process of excess nutrients entering an aquatic ecosystem, causing excess plant and algae growth
desalination
the process of removing salt from ocean water
What is reverse osmosis? Select all that apply.
the process of removing salt from ocean water a type of desalination where water is pushed through a semipermeable membrane, filtering out salt and other impurities
Which of the following regulations allows the EPA to control toxic waste and sewage dumping in U.S. waters?
Marine Protection, Research, and Sanctuaries Act
What government agency oversees saltwater fisheries?
National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
What is a projection?
a special type of prediction where the number that is reached (the prediction) is based on certain assumptions
What is stormwater?
a type of runoff that originates during large rain events
Water conflicts can arise from _____. Select all that apply.
acts of terrorism transboundary aquifers rights disputes between two groups of people
The number one way humans use freshwater is in ____.
agriculture
What is natural seepage?
are the natural leaks that occur when oil is formed in the ocean when plankton and other organisms die, and are squished together by pressure for a long period of time
Why is dredging an important process in harbors and ports?
because ships need to have waters that are deep enough to dock
What is the number one threat to aquatic ecosystems?
cultural eutrophication
Cultural eutrophication is caused by?
humans
Which one of the following pollutants include salts, acids, bases, and industrial chemicals that can come from from both point or nonpoint sources?
inorganic
The hydropower plant process occurs in which order?
intake; turbine; generator; transformer; powerlines; outflow
What is a port?
is a harbor where ships can stop to load and unload their goods
What is the definition of overfishing?
is the effect that occurs when a large amount of fish are harvested, or caught, and there are not enough fish left to replenish the stock
What is the maximum sustainable yield?
is the largest fish harvest that can be taken without reducing the population to a dangerous level
What are some sources of point-sources pollution? Select all that apply.
leaking septic tanks wastewater that is discharged into streams directly from industries landfills that are not lined
What does the method to clean up an oil spill depend on? Select all that apply.
location & size
How can the problem of water scarcity be solved if desalination methods are not effective? Select all that apply.
melting ice and moving icebergs transporting water
___________ is not a problem in fish farms because it is easy to control the breeding and harvesting of fish.
overfishing
Which one of the following pollutants include bacteria, viruses, protozoa, and parasitic worms that cause disease that can come from from sewage or contaminated runoff?
pathogens
Define organic materials.
pesticides, fertilizers, detergents, gas, oil, and plastics
Water scarcity is linked to ________.
poverty
Why isn't more freshwater provided through desalination?
they are expensive methods
What is most water used for in industry?
to cool down power plants or in the cooling of other machines that are used to make all the goods
How much water can you save by just turning off the water while your brush your teeth?
up to 8 gallons
Which of the following does NOT reduce water use in agriculture and industry?
using grain-fed cows instead of grass-fed cows
What materials do clay pots not filter? Select all that apply.
viruses salts, and other chemicals
Define point source pollution.
water pollution that can be attributed to a single source, or point
Define non-point source pollution.
water pollution that comes from many different sources and is difficult to attribute to an exact source
Define wastewater.
water that contains the waste from homes and industries
What is degradation?
wearing down
are the natural leaks that occur when oil is formed in the ocean when plankton and other organisms die, and are squished together by pressure for a long period of time
17
Methane can trap more than _____ times the amount of heat than carbon dioxide can.
23
What percentage of freshwater is currently being used by people?
54%
What percentage of freshwater is currently being used for irrigation purposes? Why?
70%, because it helps humans grow food
What percentage of freshwater is currently being used for sanitation purposes?
8%
How much water can be lost during evaporation in overhead sprinklers?
80%
_________% of the oil that enter North American ocean waters each year as a result of human activities comes from land-based runoff, polluted rivers, airplanes, and small boats and jet skis.
85
What is a dam?
A dam is a structure that keeps water from flowing. Generally, dams are built across rivers for several reasons, the main reason being to provide humans with electricity.
Which of the following regulations requires water systems serving more than 3,300 people to conduct risk assessments to see how vulnerable the water supply is to terrorist attacks?
Bioterrorism Act
In 1969, the Cuyahoga River in Ohio actually caught on fire due to all the pollution in its waters, this led to ____.
Clean Water Act (CWA)
Which type of fishing occurs when fish are caught and sold for profit?
Commercial fishing
How are oil spills cleaned? Select all that apply.
Contain the oil spill and then remove the oil from the water using skimmer equipment or through the process of controlled burning. Leave the oil alone and let it break down by natural processes. Use bioremediation, a process of using living organisms to remove contaminants from soil or water. These organisms, usually bacteria, essentially eat the oil from the spill, helping it to break down faster. Use agents called dispersants to help spread out the oil so biodegradation can happen faster.
What are some problems of fish farms?
Disease spreads rapidly within the crowded conditions. Pollution
Who are the United States' federal water regulations enforced by?
Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
Which type of water is more difficult to clean up, surface water or ground water? Why?
Groundwater, because if the substrate becomes contaminated as well it also pollutes the clean water that infiltrates the aquifer.
How much water is needed to make a plastic bottle?
How much water is needed to make a plastic bottle?
bioremediation
It is a process of using living organisms to remove contaminants from soil or water. These organisms, usually bacteria, essentially eat the oil from the spill, helping it to break down faster.
Which is NOT true about sewage sludge? Select all that apply.
It is easy and cheap to get rid off. It is liquid and safe to handle.
What is true about the multi-flash method? Select all that apply.
It uses multiple flashes of heat to cause evaporation. Heat causes water to evaporate leaving salt and impurities behind.
Which type of fishing occurs or the survival or the preservation of cultural practices?
Subsistence fishing
In the last 100 years, how has the rate of water used increased compared to population growth?
The rate at which water use has increased is twice as much as the rate of the population increase.
What are some advantages of using clay pots? Select all that apply.
They are inexpensive. Harmful bacteria and parasites can be removed from the water with the use of these clay pots.
What problems do developing countries face in passing and enforcing stricter water regulations? Select all that apply.
They must deal with the excess pollution They have to deal with developed countries that ship their hazardous waste to them. They lack money to enforce regulations.
What is a transboundary aquifer and how can it create a problem?
This means that nations share one aquifer, which can cause disputes over water usage and the rights to that water.
What government agency oversees freshwater fisheries?
U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service
The ____________ sets global water quality standards and guidelines.
World Health Organization (WHO)
What is the definition of a hatchery?
a place where fish are bred
What is a harbor?
a sheltered part of a coastline that allows ships to dock