Art History ID Quiz 3

Yuan Dynasty

(1279-1368 CE) The dynasty with Mongol rule in China; centralized with bureaucracy but structure is different: Mongols on top->Persian bureaucrats->Chinese bureuacrats.

Porcelain

-a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China -clay feels like butter when working with it, produces a white color -can be made very thin, rings when struck -first do a lower heat fire, then decorate, then fire again at high temps -Firing temps are very high (2100-3000F)

Mughal Empire (India)

-an Islamic imperial power that ruled a large portion of Indian subcontinent which began in 1526, invaded and ruled most of Hindustan (South Asia) by the late 17th and early 18th centuries, and ended in the mid-19th century. -bringing roots from Persia -Emperor Akbar was a big patron of arts

Characteristics of Chinese art

-highest art form: poetry -most common painting type: landscape -read top->down, right->left

Ceramics

-objects made from clay or other combinations of minerals baked at high temperature -used as a means to store things, transport water, etc. -emerged 10,000 BCE

Characteristics of Japan art

-periods of being closed off and open to the west -ceramics are stoneware -prints in full color

Cobalt

-pigment used to produce the blue pigment -one pigment that can survive extremely high heat -found in Iran (or Persia in that time)

stoneware

-stony material, reels rough when working with it -don't need as high of temps (1600-2000F) -used for Japanese tea bowls

wabi

A 16th-century Japanese art style characterized by refined rusticity and an appreciation of simplicity and austerity.

mausoleum

A large and impressive tomb

woodblock print

A print made from one or more carved wooden blocks. In Japan, woodblock prints were made using multiple blocks carved in relief, usually with a block for each color in the finished print.

ukiyo-e

Japanese woodblock printing; translation: "pictures of the floating world" Pictures from the "arts and entertainment" district Examples: actors or scenes from plays, beautiful women, erotic women

nishiki-e

Japanese, "brocade pictures." Japanese polychrome woodblock prints valued for their sumptuous colors.

sabi

Japanese; the value found in the old and weathered, suggesting the tranquility reached in old age.

Japanese Tea Ceremony

a Japanese cultural activity involving the ceremonial preparation and presentation of matcha, powdered green tea. the art of its performance, is called otemae. Zen Buddhism was a primary influence in the development of this

charbagh

a rectangular garden in the Persian tradition that is based on the four gardens of Paradise mentioned in the Qur'an

minaret

a tall slender tower, typically part of a mosque, with a balcony from which a muezzin calls Muslims to prayer.

porcelain

a thin, beautiful pottery invented in China

genre

ability to category artworks with other artwork with similar subject matter

pietra dura

an ornamental technique involving inlaid precious and semiprecious stones

calligraphy

art of beautiful handwriting

colophon

comment written on a Chinese scroll by the creator, owner, or a viewer

specialized tasks in printmaking

designer, engraver/carver, printer, and publisher

Handscroll

in Asian art, a horizontal painted scroll that is unrolled to the left and often used to present illustrated religious texts or landscapes (scroll that can be held in your hand)

iwan

in Islamic architecture, a vaulted rectangular recess opening onto a courtyard

hanging scroll

in asian art, a vertical scroll hung on a wall with pictures mounted or painted directly on it

miniature paintings

individual sheets meant to be held or as folios in a book, meant to be a very private, luxury object

Wu Zhen

master literati artist not formally trained rebelled against the mongol empire

parts of a ceramic vessel

mouth, neck, shoulder, body, foot

daoism

philosophical system developed by of Lao-tzu and Chuang-tzu advocating a simple honest life and noninterference with the course of natural events harmony in the universe

literati painting

the ideal form of the Chinese scholar-painter who was more interested in personal erudition and expression than in literal representation or an immediately attractive surface beauty.

Mongol empire

~an empire founded in the 12th century by Genghis Khan ~reached its greatest territorial extent in the 13th century ~encompassing the larger part of Asia and extending westward to the Dnieper River in eastern Europe ~Plugged into China's bureaucracy (trade assigned based on skill)