Art History Mid term chapter 20-27

Which English architect was responsible for the design and construction of Saint Paul's Cathedral in London?

Christopher Wren

The Romantic sensibility evident in the energy of Joseph Mallord William Turner's landscapes and seascapes relies on the emotive power of which element of his painting style?

Color

Which of the following works is NOT a clear example of linear perspective?

Gentile, Adoration of the Magi

Which German artist is known for his exploration of nontraditional subjects, such as witchcraft, in his works?

Hans Baldung Grien

Which two practices comprised the system of artistic training in Quattrocento Italy?

Imitation and emulation

In Triumph of the Barberini, the crown of stars to be bestowed on the Barberini family is meant to symbolize what?

Immortality

Which of the following is NOT a colorist painting, instead relying on form and line?

Ingres, Apotheosis of Homer

The painting A Philosopher Giving a Lecture at the Orrery was done by which artist?

Joseph Wright of Derby

What source provides art historians with a good deal of insight into the artist Artemesia Gentileschi?

Letters written by her

Who was commissioned by the duke of Berry to produce the work now known as Les Très Riches Heures

Limbourg brothers

Which physical element on the exterior of the Isenheim Altarpiece has been incorporated into the iconography of disease and sickness?

Line between door panels

Which sculptural workshop was responsible for many of the funerary monuments in the basilica of Santi Giovanni e Paolo in Venice?

Lombardo family

At the palace of Versailles, what device was used in the Galerie des Glaces to illusionistically expand that room's width?

Long line of mirrors

Who was the preeminent art patron of 17th-century France?

Louis XIV

Which photographer became known for creating portraits of artists such as Delacroix, Daumier, and Courbet?

Nadar

What slightly earlier work was the likely inspiration for the arrangement of the central group of figures in Tribute Money?

Nanni di Banco, Four Crowned Saints

Who was named first consul of the French Republic after leading the French army on several campaigns?

Napoleon Bonaparte

The Plateresque architectural style in Spain, which is characterized by delicately executed ornamentation resembling metalwork, is named after a Spanish word (platero), meaning what?

Silversmith

In constructing the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851, what cost-effective innovation did Joseph Paxton employ?

Prefabricated elements

Which technique(s) does Leonardo use in Madonna of the Rocks to create the hazy and atmospheric landscape?

Sfumato and chiaroscuro

Which of the following is NOT a result of the influence of humanist doctrines on Italian Renaissance art of the 15th century?

Shifting power relations and rise of princely courts

Which two Early Renaissance artists showed great interest in depicting muscular bodies in frenetic action?

Signorelli and Pollaiuolo

Robert Adam used elements from which Roman wall-painting style to create the decorations of the Etruscan Room at Osterley Park House?

Third and Fourth Styles

Which pope oversaw the design of a new Saint Peter's to replace the fourth-century basilica and a redecoration of the Sistine Chapel, among other projects?

Julius II

Which of the following classical figures is NOT depicted in Botticelli's Primavera?

Jupiter

Which artist is known for great skill in the depiction of water effects?

Konrad Witz

Napoleon's embrace of Neoclassicism as a means of linking his own reign to the ancient Roman Empire is embodied in which monument?

La Madeleine

As evidenced by his painting Battle of Issus, Albrecht Altdorfer revived what painting genre in the face of Protestant iconoclastic tendencies?

Landscapes

In which work by Michelangelo does Christ appear as a nearly nude gigantic figure in a twisting pose with his right arm raised?

Last Judgment

In which work does the Flemish painter Dieric Bouts show an early interest in using linear perspective to create the illusion of depth?

Last Supper

In which project do we see Michelangelo working in a Mannerist mode, disregarding most of the rules of classical architecture?

Laurentian Library

Which work demonstrates Rembrandt's mastery of both engraving and etching?

Christ with the Sick around Him

Which Romantic artist was a leader in transcendental landscapes, a new painting genre of the 19th century?

Caspar David Friedrich

How many vignettes illustrating proverbs does Pieter Bruegel the Elder include in his painting of the subject?

100

The vedute paintings of Antonio Canaletto were intended for which class of patron?

English travelers

In his Ecstasy of Saint Teresa for the Cornaro chapel, Bernini utilizes the expressive capabilities of sculpture, architecture, and painting by setting the principal scene within what larger context?

A theater

Which of the following is NOT an element of the Mannerist style in painting?

Adherence to conventions

Who was the first artist outside Italy to become an international art celebrity?

Albrecht Dürer

Which painting did Johannes Vermeer consider his most important, retaining it as a display piece in his studio?

Allegory of the Art of Painting

The design of Chiswick House by Boyle and Kent is regarded as a free variation on the work of which architect?

Andrea Palladio

Which Italian Baroque painter trained in his native Bologna and produced a series of frescoes for the gallery ceilings of the Palazzo Farnese?

Annibale Carracci

Which element in Napoleon Visiting the Plague-Stricken in Jaffa has the artist, Antoine-Jean Gros, adapted from Oath of the Horatii by his teacher, Jacques-Louis David?

Arcaded backdrop frames the composition

Which aspect of Creation of Adam may not be considered an intrinsic part of the style of Michelangelo?

Center focal point

Matthias Grünewald adapted the themes of the paintings on the Isenheim Altarpiece to its intended setting, which was what?

Chapel of monastic hospital

What innovative technique did Hans Baldung Grien use to produce his print Witches' Sabbath?

Chiaroscuro woodcut

Which of the following is NOT a technique Wright used to focus attention on the scientific instrument being demonstrated in this scene?

Background made hazy and less detailed

The cultural and artistic production of the 17th and early 18th centuries in the West is often described by what term?

Baroque

Which artist was responsible for creating the canonical iconography of scenes of the Immaculate Conception of the Virgin Mary?

Bartolomé Esteban Murillo

Who became the official painter to King George III and was a founding member of the Royal Academy of Arts?

Benjamin West

Bruegel's Hunters in the Snow is part of a series of paintings of seasonal changes that grew out of what tradition?

Books of Hours

Which Baroque building succeeds in the full unification of interior space with the shape of the dome exactly continuing the plan of the building itself?

Borromini, Sant'Ivo alla Sapienza

In his work on the construction of Saint Peter's, Michelangelo's final design was a modification of the plan devised by which architect?

Bramante

What was the contemporary inspiration for the setting of the gathering of philosophers and scientists in Raphael's Philosophy (School of Athens) mural?

Bramante's design of Saint Peter's

Who of the following was NOT a Late Renaissance painter?

Bronzino

The dissolution in 1477 of what entity led to a realignment in the European geopolitical landscape?

Burgundian Netherlands

What tool was used by engravers to manually carve an image in a metal plate to produce an engraving?

Burin

Which Venetian palazzo testifies to the continued preference in that city for flowery Gothic ornamentation?

Ca d'Oro

The beliefs of which branch of Protestantism were responsible for the lack of religious art in the Netherlands in the 17th century?

Calvinism

Pope Paul V commissioned which architect to oversee the completion of the church of Saint Peter in Rome?

Carlo Maderno

Which is NOT a technique Bernard Neumann used to adapt the Rococo style to ecclesiastical interiors?

Contrasts of dark and brilliant colors in painted decor

What illusionistic device is used by Jan van Eyck, Petrus Christus, and Hans Memling to extend a painting's space into the viewer's space?

Convex mirror

Which Late Renaissance painter prefigured the Baroque ceiling painting and compositional devices?

Correggio

Which gathering of Catholic theologians rejected Protestant objections to using images in religious worship?

Council of Trent

What term do art historians use to describe the type of illusionism used by Mantegna on the ceiling of the Camera Picta?

Di sotto in sù

Which of the following is NOT a device used by Piero della Francesca in his painting Resurrection?

Diminishing size of figures

The Pazzi Chapel is an example of which socioeconomic trend of the Renaissance period?

Donation of family chapels

Which Mannerist artist made Toledo, Spain, his home after studying Venetian color and Byzantine mosaics in Italy?

El Greco

Which element of the portrait of Louis XIV can be securely attributed to the hand of Rigaud rather than his assistants?

Face

The niche-like space in which Juan Sánchez Cotán arranged the individual items of his still lifes is probably a reference to the Virgin Mary in what guise?

Fenestra coeli ("window to Heaven")

Which group of artists were the first to employ oils extensively?

Flemish

In which of his works does Dürer demonstrate his support for the theology of Martin Luther?

Four Apostles

The rustic setting, soft light, and feathery brushwork of Gainsborough's portrait of Mrs. Richard Brinsley Sheridan are elements of which style?

French Rococo

What contemporary trend is reflected by Le Nain's depiction of the peasants in Family of Country People?

French social theories

Which is NOT one of the ways that Leonardo da Vinci makes Christ the focus of the Last Supper?

Garments in a different color scheme

In Pieter Aertsen's painting Butcher's Stall, the artist embeds religious images within what standard scene type?

Genre

Greenough sculpted which contemporary statesman in the Neoclassical style by portraying him seminude and enthroned, as Phidias depicted Zeus in the famous lost statue?

George Washington

What work did Jan van Eyck create as the centerpiece for the Vyd chapel in the church of Saint John the Baptist?

Ghent Altarpiece

Which artist was given the commission for a fountain in the Piazza Navona despite having failed at erecting bell towers on the facade of Saint Peter's and benefitting from Urban VIII's excessive spending?

Gian Lorenzo Bernini

Which author published Lives of the Most Excellent Painters, Sculptors, and Architects in 1530?

Giorgio Vasari

In which of the following works has the painter enhanced the trompe l'oeil effect of a painted ceiling by adding painted stucco sculpted figures?

Giovanni Battista Gaulli, Triumph of the Name of Jesus

Which artist is credited with creating a Venetian school of High Renaissance painting?

Giovanni Bellini

Which of the ornamental objects in Kalf's Still Life with a Late Ming Ginger Jar would qualify the work as a vanitas painting?

Gold watch

The skills needed to make the 15th-century engravings used in printmaking were most similar to those of which artists?

Goldsmiths

The severity for James Stuart's Neoclassical Temple of Theseus in Hagley Park takes its inspiration from the ruins he visited in which modern country?

Greece

Which Realist painter relies on a naturalistic style that does not romanticize or idealize the everyday lived realities that his contemporary subjects endured?

Gustave Courbet

What royal structure was originally on the site of the French palace of Versailles?

Hunting lodge

The renewed interest in classical antiquity of the 18th century can be credited to the archaeological discoveries at which sites?

Herculaneum and Pompeii

What explains Andrea del Castagno's choice of setting for his painting of the Last Supper?

His interest in experimenting with linear perspective

What is the setting of the Diptych of Martin van Nieuwenhove?

Home of the patron

Which later Flemish painter was admired in Italy for his detailed realism and his depiction of human character?

Hugo van der Goes

Which mode of thinking inspired the Medici family and many of the artists of the Early Renaissance in Italy?

Humanism

By moving away from illusionism in this painting, and using colors to flatten form and to draw attention to the canvas surface, Manet played an important role in the development of what movement?

Impressionism

Which of the following is NOT an element of the Georges de la Tour's Adoration of the Shepherds?

Inclusion of religious iconography

What event transformed the economies of continental Europe and North America in the 18th century?

Industrial Revolution

Which of the following building types served as a model for the Château de Chambord?

Italian palazzo

Which aspect of the Altarpiece of the Virgin Mary by Veit Stoss is most informative about the appearance of ancient and medieval sculpture?

Its polychromy

Which Neoclassical artist of the first part of the 19th century looked firmly to the arts of Greek antiquity for his subjects and compositions?

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres

Which artist illustrated the views of Rousseau by painting quiet scenes of domestic life that honored the simple goodness of ordinary people?

Jean-Baptiste-Siméon Chardin

The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, including Millais and Rossetti, rejected Realism and based their artistic philosophy on the writings of which individual?

John Ruskin

Who was the patron of Mantuan projects such as Leon Battista Alberti's Sant'Andrea and Andrea Mantegna's Camera degli Sposi of the ducal palace?

Ludovico Gonzaga

Which aristocratic patron hired Peter Paul Rubens to paint a series of historical-allegorical works for the Luxembourg palace in Paris?

Marie de' Medici

Which individual sparked the Reformation in 1517 through the posting of the Ninety-five Theses at Wittenberg?

Martin Luther

The workshop of which artist provided the woodcut illustrations for the Nuremburg Chronicle?

Michael Wolgemut

The heavily muscled men and straining poses of Rubens's Elevation of the Cross are evidence of Rubens's emulation of which Renaissance master?

Michelangelo

Much Dutch art of the 17th century catered to the tastes of which group?

Middle class

Who is credited with ultimately being responsible for establishing classical painting as an important component of 17th-century French art?

Nicolas Poussin

Which medium of painting did Titian establish as the standard of the Western pictorial tradition?

Oil painting on canvas

The 19th-century revival of historical architectural styles led Barry and Pugin to rebuild the Houses of Parliament in London in what style?

Neo-Gothic

Jacques-Louis David's Oath of the Horatii can be said to be a paragon of which style?

Neoclassical

Which Florentine monument received sculptural groups by several artists for its exterior niches?

Or San Michele

Which of the following is NOT one of the illusionistic devices used by Carracci in his Loves of the Gods?

Paintings within frames are all painted in a consistent style.

The colonnade of the Roman temple of Jupiter at Baalbek in Lebanon provided the inspiration for what building?

Pantheon

Which city was the artistic center of the Rococo style?

Paris

What illusionistic effect did Eadweard Muybridge's zoopraxiscope rely on to show his sequential images?

Persistence of vision

Raphael's Marriage of the Virgin, one of his early works, reveals his imitation of the perspective devices of which earlier painter?

Perugino

Which Spanish monarch was the early and continual patron of Spanish Diego Velázquez?

Philip IV

Which architect oversaw the 16th-century renovations to the Louvre palace and produced the Cour Carrée?

Pierre Lescot

How does van Dyck make Charles I the focus of the viewer's attention in this portrait?

Places him in silhouette against a light-colored sky

In Venetian paintings such as The Tempest and Pastoral Symphony, the color and mood of the scenes enhance themes based on which source?

Poetry of the senses

What historical movement forms the background to papal artistic commissions of the mid-16th century?

Protestant Reformation

What is the function of accessories, furniture, and utensils in paintings by Flemish artists, such as Robert Campin's (Master of Flémalle) Mérode Triptych

Religious symbols

The use of light and shade to convey emotional differences in theater and film is a contribution of which artist?

Rembrandt

Which Dutch artist trained as a history painter in Leiden and became known as a master of light and shadow as well as a proponent of the Protestant conception of scripture?

Rembrandt van Rijn

Which of the following works cannot be said to have been created for private devotional use?

Riemenschneider, Assumption of the Virgin

The conclusion of the debate in the French Royal Academy between advocates of color and advocates of form resulted in the ascendance of which style?

Rococo

The mixture of orders Leon Battista Alberti uses on the facade of the Palazzo Rucellai reveals his inspiration to be what building?

Roman Colosseum

The classical and idealized landscapes of Claude Lorrain were most often set around which city?

Rome

Which Romantic-style building is a conglomeration of Islamic domes, minarets, and screens that has been called "Indian Gothic"?

Royal Pavilion, Brighton

Which church is home to Masaccio's Holy Trinity mural?

Santa Maria Novella

Which class of portraiture is represented by Giovanni Arnolfini and His Wife

Secular portraiture

Which pope played a key role in funding and organizing the lengthy campaign to reestablish the Church's prominence by rebuilding Rome?

Sixtus V

Which aspect of Domenico Ghirlandaio's painting Birth of the Virgin is NOT an example of the secularization of sacred themes that took place in this period?

Statuesque figures and clear spatial representation

What is the purpose of the maulstick evident in the painter Caterina van Hemessen's self-portrait?

Support to steady painting hand

Works such as Bosch's Garden of Earthly Delights and El Greco's View of Toledo point toward which later artistic style?

Surrealism

In which two aspects of this early work does Diego Velázquez reveal his admiration for the paintings of Caravaggio?

Tenebrism and commonplace characters

Who was the greatest art patron in Cinquecento Italy?

The Catholic Church

What project was endowed by Philip the Bold as a dynastic symbol of the power of the dukes of Burgundy?

The Chartreuse de Champmol in Dijon

How do Bernini's piazza and colonnades in front of Saint Peter's reiterate the message of the Catholic Church during the Counter-Reformation?

The curving colonnades extended a sense of welcome to the devout.

Much of the bronze for the tall columns of Bernini's Baldacchino was taken from what earlier building?

The Pantheon

Which of the following statements about the production of woodcuts is NOT true?

The artist works to carve thin, fluid, and closely spaced lines in the wood block.

What is the intended symbolism of the mixture of Romanesque and Gothic architectural forms on the exterior of the Retable de Champmol?

The coming of the new order under Christ

What is the overall theme of the scenes of nobility and peasantry in the calendar pictures of Les Très Riches Heures?

The compassion and generosity of the duke of Berry

Which statement best describes the theme of Lucas Cranach the Elder's woodcut entitled Law and Gospel?

The contrast between Catholicism and Protestantism

Who was the artist of the immense Romantic painting Raft of the Medusa, which took eight months to create?

Théodore Géricault

What compositional device does Hugo van der Goes use to position the main characters at the center of the panel in the Portinari Altarpiece?

Tilted ground

Which early photographer used the new medium to produced documentary images of the immediate aftermath of Civil War battles?

Timothy O'Sullivan

Which project by Michelangelo represents a drastically reduced version of his original design?

Tomb of Julius II

How do art historians believe that Artemesia Gentileschi accomplished the feat of painting a self-portrait in which she is not looking at the viewer?

Used a two-mirror setup

John Singer Sargent's family portrait Daughters of Edward Darley Boit shows the influence of his careful study of which painter?

Velázquez

Which artist was ahead of his time in understanding color science and recognizing that shadows are not colorless?

Vermeer

Which Late Renaissance Venetian painter combined use of a shimmering spectrum of color with High Renaissance compositional principles of symmetry and classical settings?

Veronese

Which architectural form is the basis of Palladio's esteemed reputation and wide-ranging influence?

Villa

Which philosopher believed that the betterment of humanity lay in the advancement of science and the rational improvement of society?

Voltaire

Which funerary sculptural genre came into prominence after Bernardo Rossellino finished the commission for the tomb of Leonardo Bruni?

Wall tomb

The metal relief etching entitled Ancient of Days is the work of which leading Romantic artist?

William Blake

Which artist can be said to have translated English literary satire into the visual arts?

William Hogarth

Which scholar wrote Reflections on the Imitation of Greek Works in Painting and Sculpture and established a model for the analysis of stylistic evolution in art?

Winckelmann

Which American Realist artist who studied both painting and medicine believed that careful observation was a prerequisite for his art?

Winslow Homer

Which of these works by Baroque painters does not contain a self-portrait?

da Cortona, Triumph of the Barberini

El Greco's painting View of Toledo breaks with tradition in which aspect of the work?

its abstraction and narrow color palette