ASCI 229 Review 2

Preganglionic fibers leave the CNS and then synapse on ____________

ganglionic neurons

Cushing's disease results from an excess of ________ in response to _______

glucocorticoids, ACTH

Mental and physical sluggishness and low body temperature may be signs of

hyperthyroidism

The ________ provides the principal link between the nervous and endocrine systems.

hypothalamus

The floor of the diencephalon is formed by the

hypothalamus

The integrative centers for autonomic activity are located in the _________

hypothalamus

Adipocytes produce a peptide hormone called ________ that acts on the hypothalamus.

leptin

Bill contracts a viral disease that destroys cells in the posterior gray horns in his spinal cord. As a result, which of the following would you expect?

loss of sensation in his torso

Autonomic centers that control blood pressure, heart rate, and digestion are located in the

medulla oblongata

Which of the following is NOT a function of the neuroglia?

memory

Visceral reflex arcs can bypass CNS neurons in _______ reflexes

short

A dorsal and ventral root of each spinal segment unite to form a

spinal nerve

Parathyroid Gland

stimulate osteoclasts and inhibit osteoblasts

Cerebrospinal fluid flows within the ________

subarachnoid space

Tina falls while climbing a tree and lands on her back. Her frightened parents take her to the emergency room, where she is examined. Her knee-jerk reflex is normal and she exhibits a plantar reflex (negative Babinski reflex). These results suggest that Tina has ___________

suffered no damage to her spinal cord

A receptor that contains many mechanically-gated ion channels would function best as a ________

tactile receptor

Each of the following hormones is an amino acid derivative except:

testosterone

Sensory information is processed and relayed to the cerebrum by the

thalamus

A sensory neuron that synapses with the cerebral cortex is called the __________ neuron

third order

In the sympathetic nervous system, where are the preganglionic neurons located?

thoracic and lumbar segments of the spinal cord

Thyroxine and calcitonin are secreted by the

thyroid gland

The hormone that plays a pivotal role in setting the metabolic rate and thus impacting body temperature is

thyroxine

Peptide hormones are composed of amino acids.

true

Descending (motor) pathways always involve ________ motor neuron(s).

two

Chambers within the brain that contain cerebrospinal fluid are called

vesicles

Neurotransmitters ready for release are stored in synaptic _________

vesicles

The ANTERIOR pituitary gland synthesize:

ACTH, TSH

The anterior lobe of the pituitary is also known as the

Adenohypophysis

Why do normal rats develop a palpable goiter with a TSH injection?

The TSH receptors in the thyroid gland are being excessively stimulated

Why is it that one cannot identify the location of internal organs, although joints and bone location can be identified?

The internal organs have no proprioceptors like joints, bones, and muscles

Mary is in an automobile accident and suffers a spinal cord injury. She has lost feeling in her lower body. Her doctor tells her that swelling is compressing a portion of her spinal cord. Which part of her cord is likely to be compressed?

ascending tracts

The dorsal root ganglia mainly contain

cell bodies of sensory neurons

Upper motor neuron bodies are located in the ________

cerebral hemispheres and the brain stem

A neural cortex is found on the surface of the

cerebrum

Functions of astrocytes include all of the following EXCEPT:

conducting action potentials

Cholecalciferol is synthesized within the

epidermis of the integumentary system

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones

epinephrine and norepinephrine

The outermost connective-tissue covering of nerves is the

epineurium

Destruction of or damage to a lower motor neuron in the somatic nervous system produces

flaccid paralysis of its muscle fibers (motor unit)

Secretory cells of the adenohypophysis release

-FSH -TSH -ACTH -GH

We are constantly bombarded by a variety of stimuli inside and outside of our bodies. Why are we not overwhelmed by sensory information?

A very tiny percentage of incoming sensory information passes the thalamus and is received by the cerebral cortex

Which of the following are examples of functions of the thyroid gland?

Increases synthesis of enzymes for energy transformation and utilization Increased sensitivity to sympathetic stimulation Stimulate red blood cell formation

Which of the following are examples of glycoprotein hormones?

TSH, FSH, LH

The part of the peripheral nervous system that carries sensory information to the CNS is designated

afferent

The hypophyseal portal system

a. carries hypothalamic hormones to the anterior lobe of the pituitary. b. is a blood connection between the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary

Preganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system are located in _________

brain spinal cord

What effect would cutting the vagus nerve branch that innervates the stomach have on gastric function

decrease gastric activity

If a patient is administered a powerful glucocorticoid (such as prednisone) to suppress the immune system, what unintended effects might this have on blood chemistry?

increase of blood glucose

Which of the following organs have SECONDARY endocrine functions?

intestine kidney gonads adipose tissue

The gray horns of the spinal cord contain mainly

nerve cell bodies

________ account for roughly half of the volume of the nervous system.

neuroglia

The GREY matter of the spinal cord is mainly:

neuron cell bodies

Endorphins can reduce perception of sensations initiated by

nociceptors

The cerebral area posterior to the central sulcus is the

parietal lobe

The nervous tissue outside of the central nervous system composes the ________ nervous system.

peripheral

A ________ reflex has at least one interneuron placed between the sensory and motor neurons

polysynaptic

Adrenal Cortex

produce glucorticoids

Adrenal Medulla

produces epinephrine and norepinephrine

Thyroid Gland

production of T3 and T4

Receptors that monitor the position of joints belong to the category called

proprioceptors

How would you treat a thyroidectomized animal so that it functions like a "normal" animal?

provide T4 supplements

Which of the following is NOT a function of cerebrospinal fluid?

provides ATP for impulse transmission

Injury to the autonomic ganglia would affect the function of the ___________

pupils lungs heart salivary glands

Your uncle was just diagnosed with a heart attack. One of his major symptoms is left arm pain. You are not surprised because you are familiar with the phenomenon of ________ pain

referred