ASE Suspension And Steering,

Worn, damaged or missing bushing may allow suspension parts to have:

Excessive movement, causing alignment angles to change, shimming, unusual noises pulls, or tire wear

A vehicle has a shimmy when the steering wheel returns to center after completing a turn. Which of following could be the cause? A. Excessive positive camber B. Excessive positive caster C. Excessive toe-out D. Excessive toe-in

Excessive positive caster can cause the front wheels to overshoot the straight ahead position when returning to center and result in a shimmy.

A idler arm allows

Excessive toe changes producing abnormal and erratic steering

The Progressive Power Steering solenoid controls

fluid pressure in the hydraulic reaction chamber

Coil springs should be inspected by looking for

wear or damaged to the jounce bumper caused by suspension bottoming out.

What alignment angle would cause dog-tracking?

Rear toe

What is one thing that spring eye bushings and worn strut bushings could cause?

A pull on acceleration and deceleration.

The thrust angle on a front-wheel-drive vehicle is more than specified, and the thrust line is positioned to the left of the geometric centerline. This problem could be caused by excessive: A. toe-out on the left rear wheel. B. toe-out on the right rear wheel. C. positive camber on the left rear wheel. D. wear in the left rear lower ball joint.

A.

If you replace the front leaf springs of a vehicle, what other service must you do?

Alignment

Ball joints may be checked for

Axial and Radial play

What angle has the greatest affect on steering wheel return?

Caster

29. All of these are types of power steering pumps, Except A. Vane B. Roller C. Slipper D. Crescent

D. A power steering pump can be a roller, slipper or vane type.

Steering gears transfers the rotary motion of the steering wheel and steering shaft into

Lateral motion of the steering linkage.

Excessive for and aft movement of these components will directly influence the:

Front caster, camber and toe angles

Center linkage is used on a

Parallelogram steering system

Total toe is adjusted using the?

Relay rod

Idler Arm

The center link of a vehicle connects to both pit arm and the:

At over 30 mph there is a vibration in the steering wheel, what is the most likely cause of this?

The front wheels are out of balance

Which of the following describes positive setback? A. The front of the tires are closer than the back B. The rear of the tires are closer together than the front. C. The left side of the vehicle has a shorter wheelbase than the right D. The right side of the vehicle has a shorter wheelbase than the left.

The right side of the vehicle has a short wheelbase than the left.

How would you adjust a rack yoke bearing?

Tighten, then look at OEM specifications and back off by the suggested amount of degrees.

When does a positive camber angle exist?

When the top of the tire leans outwards

A popping noise while turning the steering wheel is most likely caused by?

Worn front tie rods

What could a shifted front cradle affect?

- Front camber - Front caster - Thrust angle

A vehicle pulls to the right only while accelerating. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Underinflated tires B. Loose cradle C. Loose power steering pump belt D. Overinflated tires

A loose cradle can shift during acceleration and cause a pull.

A car equipped with power steering pulls (leads) to the left after a proper alignment. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. A power steering gear B. Power steering pump C. Pitman arm D. All four tires overinflated

A power steering gear can cause a vehicle to pull or lead. To diagnose this concern, jack the vehicle up and secure on jack stands with the tires in the straight ahead position. Start the vehicle and watch for the front wheels to self-steer. If the steering system turns the wheels on its own, the steering gear box is faulty.

A vehicle has excessive body sway while cornering. All of the following defects could be the cause of the problem EXCEPT: A. a worn strut rod bushing. B. a weak stabilizer bar. C. a worn stabilizer bar bushing. D. a broken stabilizer link.

A.

When a shock absorber is to be considered for replacement due to a fluid leak, which of the following applies? a. It must show an oil film on the outside. b. It fails the bounce test. c. It should be weighed to determine if it is low on oil. d. It should be removed and inverted to see if it drips oil.

B.

Technician A says rear camber may be adjusted using shims. Technician B says rear toe may be adjusted using shims. Who is correct?

Both Technicians are correct. Rear shims can be used to adjust camber and toe.

Technician A says that when reinstalling the clock spring, the steering needs to be in a straight ahead position. Technician B says that when installing a clock spring, the clock spring needs to be centered.

Both technicians are correct. The clock spring should be centered and the steering straight ahead to prevent damage to the clock spring when the steering is turn through its normal rotation.

Inspect struts and shock absorbers for:

Broken, damaged, or loose mounting hardware.

To remove the power steering pump, which procedure should be done first? A. Remove the hose from the pump, and cap the fittings and hoses. B. Loosen the bracket, or belt tension adjusting bolt, and the pump mounting bolt. Remove the bolt C. Disconnect the power steering return hose from the remote reservoir or pump and allow the fluid to drain D. Remove the tension adjusting bolt and the mounting bolt and remove the pump.

C.

Two technicians are describing camber. Technician A says camber affects tire wear. Technician B says rebound causes a slight negative change in camber on a SLA (Short/Long arm) suspension. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

C.

Two technicians are discussing the replacement of a rebound or jounce bumper. Technician A says if a vehicle fails the jounce test the cause is a defective jounce bumper. Technician B says you need to remove the lower ball joint to replace the jounce bumper on an SLA (short arm long arm) suspension. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

C.

Check the inner joints for

Clunking when acceleration or braking

Technician A says front wheel setback is usually caused by worn suspension components. Technician B says a slight front wheel setback causes steering pull. Who is right? A. A only B. B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

D.

Front camber will __________ as front ride height __________

Decrease Decreases

A customer says that the steering wheel turns more turns to the left than the right. Which of the following is the LEAST LIKELY cause? A. Incorrectly timed steering gear B. Bent pitman arm C. Faulty power steering pump D. Bent tie rod

Faulty power steering pump. A faulty power steering pump would not change the relationship between the steering wheel and the steering stops.

A customer complains of a popping noise while turning the steering wheel. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Rear shock mounts B. Rear toe adjusters C. Front shock mounts D. Front tie rods

Front tie rods. Worn front tie roads can make a popping noise when the steering wheel is rocked back and forth.

A vehicle has worn tie rod end on the left front. Which of the following would be affected? A. Rear toe B. Front camber C. Front toe D. Front caster

Front toe

Which alignment angle is adjust last during four-wheel alignment? A. Front toe B. Rear toe C. Front camber D. Rear camber

Front toe is adjusted last. The correct sequence of adjust during a four-wheel alignment is rear camber, rear toe, front camber/caster, then front toe.

What could happen if a composite leaf spring is scratched during installation?

If the spring is dented or scratched it will be weakened and break more easily.

An improperly installed pitman arm and or twisted sector shaft makes it

Impossible to obtain a straight steering wheel

Excessive Camber-

May cause shoulder wear on the tires tread.

Which of the following is the most likely cause of tires which are worn in the center. A. Underinflation B. Overinflation C. Positive caster D. Positive camber

Overinflation

A customer has a noise concern coming from the rear of the vehicle. Any of these could be the cause EXCEPT: A. Worn rear wheel bearings B. Rear tires out of balance C. Missing spring separators D. Worn spring eye bushings

Rear tires out of balance would cause a vibration but not a noise.

A four-wheel alignment is being performed on a vehicle. Thrust angle needs to be corrected. Which adjustment is made to adjust the thrust angle. A. Rear camber B. Rear toe C. Front camber D. Front toe

Rear toe. Thrust angle is the angle formed by the thrust line and the geometric center line. In order to adjust thrust angle, the technician should adjust the rear toe.

Improper ride height may cause changes to:

Ride quality, handling changes, rear camber and toe, front camber and caster and toe premature wear on steering and suspension components.

Torsion bars permit changes to

Static ride height through adjustment bots

SF=

Suspension height measurement

Excessive negative camber wears

The inner shoulder of the tread surface.

Orifice is located between

The rotary valve and the reaction chamber feed circuits in parallel with the flow dividing valve

Hydraulic reaction chamber is located in:

The steering rack below the rotary valve.

Consider the following items before measuring ride height of the vehicle:

Vehicle must be on a level surface, tire pressure must be set correctly, if tire size has been altered, corrections to ride height must be made from appropriate charts, inspect for added weight to vehicle, Ensure vehicle is weighted if required by the specifications.

What is the most common cause of a whining noise heard only while turning?

Worn power steering pump

Inspect the leaf springs, shackles and look for signs

of stress

If a customer states that their steering wheel turns more to the left than to the right, what are some of the most likely causes?

- Incorrectly timed steering gear - Bent pitman arm - Bent tie rod

The jounce bumpers on the rear of a vehicle are out, what are some of the more likely causes?

- Worn rear springs - Excessive cargo in the trunk - Worn rear shocks

A customer is complaining about noise from the rear of the vehicle, what are some of the more likely causes?

- Worn rear wheel bearings - Missing spring separators - Worn spring eye bushings

When wheel and tire assembly are in exact vertical position.

0 Camber

The upper ball or top strut bearing and lower ball joint are in the same plane as viewed from the side of the vehicle.

0 Caster

Which of the following would be the most normal end-play specification for a set of tapered roller front-wheel bearings? A. 0.0001"-0.0005" (0.00254 mm-0.0127 mm) B. 0.0010"-0.0050" (0.0254 mm-0.127 mm) C. 0.0100"-0.0500" ().254 mm-1.27 mm) D. 0.1000"-0.5000" (2.54mm-12.7 mm)

0.0010"-0.0050" (0.0254 mm-0.127 mm). This is the correct specification.

Which of the following would be the most likely maximum radial runout specification on a wheel tire assembly for a passenger vehicle? A. 0.020" B. 0.030" C. 0.050" D. 0.090"

0.050" could be felt on some vehicles, especially on the front of a vehicle. This is most likely maximum radial runout specification.

Ball joints are classified by type:

1,2, H, S, WI, TT, or SA

Standard linkage components:

1. Drag link 2. Relay Rod 3. Outer tie rod

The most basic power assist steering system consist of three parts:

1. Fluid pump 2. Control valve 3. Power cylinder

The four steering systems are common in light vehicles

1. Relay rod steering system 2. Haltenberger steering system 3. Parallelogram (Conventional) Steering system 4. Rack and Pinion

Individual front toe procedure

1. Start the engine 2. Level the steering wheel 3. Install the steering wheel holder, 4. Turn off the engine 5. Adjust each tie rod adjuster until individual toe is 1/2 the total specification 6. Pivot the top of each outer tie rod forward after each adjustment

Symptoms of negative Caster are:

1. Steering wheel shows lack of "return ability" after a turn, 2. Steering is touchy at high speed (wander and weave)

Methods of caster adjustment are:

1. shims 2. Cams 3. Slotted Frame 4. Strut Rod 5. Strut Rotation 6. Cradle Movement 7. Offset Ball Joint 8. Sliding Ball Joint

Which of the following alignment specification would most likely need a steering damper. A. 6 degrees caster. B. 2 degrees camber C. 2 degrees caster D. 6 degres camber

6 degrees caster. Vehicles with high caster settings are most likely to use a steering damper to help control front-wheel shimmy.

Both front tires on a solid front axle vehicle have excessive positive camber. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Caster shims were installed B. The toe was improperly adjusted C. The axle is bent D. The drag link is bent

A bent front axle could cause both front tires to have excessive camber.

A vehicle steering wheel is crooked with the vehicle sitting still and the front wheels straight ahead. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. A bent pitman arm B. Incorrect thrust line setting C. Incorrect thrust angle setting D. A bent rear axle

A bent pitman arm can cause the steering wheel to be off-center when the front wheels are in a straight ahead position.

Excessive rear positive toe is found on both sides of a front-wheel drive vehicle with a solid rear axle. Which of the following could be the cause? A. A bent front axle B. A bent rear axle C. A bent lower control arm on the rear D. A bent upper control arm on the rear

A bent rear axle can cause the toe to be positive on both rear tires.

After setting toe to manufacture specification, the technician checks toe-out-on-turns. When the front left wheel is turned out 20 degrees, the right front wheel turns in 24 degrees. What does this indicate? A. A normal operating steering system B. A bent strut C. A bent steering arm D. A worn ball joint

A bent steering arm is indicated.

Toe-out-on-turns is not within specification. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Bent spindle B. Bent steering arm C. Bent strut D. Bent shock

A bent steering arm will cause toe-out-on-turns to be incorrect.

Steering axis inclination is out of specification. Which of the following could be the cause? A. A bent steering arm B. Incorrect camber settings C. Incorrect caster settings D. A bent strut

A bent strut will change the SAI readings and can cause SAI to be out of specification.

The steering binds while turning in either direction. The pitman arm is removed and the steering continues to bind. Which of the following could be the cause? A. A binding steering shaft U-joint B. A binding upper ball joint C. A binding lower ball joint D. A bind tie rod end

A binding steering shaft U-joint could continue to cause the steering to bind after the pitman was removed.

Which of the following would most likely make a vehicle hard to steer? A. Overtightened power steering pump belt B. Crimped power steering line C. Positive camber on the rear D. Negative caster on the front

A crimped power steering line can reduce power steering flow and cause a vehicle to be hard to steer.

A vehicle has hard steering at low speeds, and occasionally the engine will stall while parallel parking. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Dirty throttle body B. Weak power steering pump C. Worn steering gear D. Worn ball joints

A dirty throttle body can cause the engine idle speed to be less stable. This could make the vehicle hard to steer and cause the engine to stall.

A customer says that their vehicle is difficult to steer, but only in one direction. What is the most likely cause?

A faulty or leaking power steering gear.

A vehicle has hard steering at low speeds, and occasionally the engine will stall. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Faulty power steering pressure switch B. Weak power steering pump C. Worn steering gear D. Worn ball joints

A faulty power steering pressure switch may not signal the ECM to raise the engine idle to compensate for engine load. This could make the vehicle hard to steer and cause the engine to stall.

A vehicle pulls to the right only while braking. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Underinflated tires B. Loose cradle C. Loose power steering pump belt D. Overinflated tires

A loose cradle can shift during braking and cause a pull.

A customer has an occasional hard steering concern which seems to be more common when it is raining. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Low fluid level B. Faulty power steering pressure switch C. Loose power steering pump belt D. Low tire pressure

A loose power steering pump belt will slip more when wet, causing hard steering.

There is a loud growling noise only when the vehicle is steered to the right while driving. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Worn tires B. Worn wheel bearing C. Incorrect camber D. Incorrect toe

A loud growling is a typical worn wheel bearing noise.

A vehicle equipped with air ride rear suspension will not lower when a load is removed from trunk. Which of the following could be the cause? A. A plugged air supply solenoid B. A worn air compressor C. A faulty air compressor relay D. A plugged air vent solenoid

A plugged air vent solenoid would prevent air from escaping from the air suspension, resulting in vehicle that would not return to normal ride height after a load was removed from the trunk.

Which of the following would be used to remove a pitman arm? A. Pickle fork B. Ball joint separator C. Puller D. Slide hammer

A puller specially designed to remove the pitman arm is used.

A power steering pump makes noise while turning the steering wheel. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Aerated fluid B. Stuck open pressure relief valve C. Stuck closed pressure relief valve D. Slightly loose belt

A slightly loose belt may cause noise when pressure demand was high, such as during a parking maneuver.

A new composite leaf spring is being installed. Which of the following is true? A. The spring must be coated with a penetrant prior to installation B. The spring must be steamed cleaned prior to installation C. A ball joint separator must be used to slide the spring in to position D. A spring compressor must be used to install the spring

A spring compressor must be used to compress the spring for installation.

Toe setting

A technician notices a tire feathered across its tread . What is the most likely reason cause of this Condition?

Any of these would be an indication of a front cradle out of alignment EXCEPT: A. SAI/KPI varies 2 degrees side to side B. Camber positive on the left side and negative on the right side. C. Camber negative on the left side and positive on the right side. D. Thrust angle of 0.1 degrees

A thrust angle of 0.1 degrees is well within specifications and would not indicate a misaligned cradle.

the coils

A variable rate coil springs has varying spaces between:

An out of round rear tire would cause what type of customer concern? A. A vibration that tends to gets worse at higher road speeds B. A vibration in the steering wheel C. A vibration which is worse at low speeds and tends to get better at high speeds D. A vibration that only occurs during cornering

A vibration which is worse at low speeds and tends to get better at high speeds. An out of round tire vibration is less noticeable at high speeds because the low spot on the tire tends to be skipped over.

A vehicle sits lower the left rear than on the right rear. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. The left rear shock is weak B. The right shock was replaced and the left shock was not. C. The later link bushings are worn D. The left rear spring is weak

A weak left rear spring could cause the vehicle to set low on the left rear.

A vehicle has excessive (6 degrees) negative camber on the left front. The right front camber is within specification. Which of the following could be the cause? A. A worn right rear spring B. A worn left rear spring C. A worn right front wheel bearing D. A worn left front wheel bearing

A worn left front wheel bearing can cause a tire to learn in excessively.

While making a hard brake application, the customer notices a clunk from the rear of the vehicle. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Leaking struts B. A bent rim C. An out of round tire D. Worn lower control arm bushings

A worn lower control arm bushing can allow the control arm to move during braking and cause a clunking noise.

A vehicle is hard to steer to the left only. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Weak power steering pump B. Tight steering shaft universal joint C. Binding ball joint D. Worn power steering gear

A worn power steering gear could have a leaking internal seal which would allow fluid to bypass in one direction and not in the other. This could make the vehicle hard to steer in one direction only.

There is a car that requires a setback during an alignment, what is one major cause of this?

A worn spring eye bushing could have allowed the rear axle to shift

A vehicle has steering wheel shimmy after crossing a railroad track. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Worn tie rod end B. Worn ball joint C. Weak front springs D. Worn steering damper

A worn steering damper will allow the steering system to turn past center when coming out of a turn and result in a shimmy condition.

The technician finds the steering wheel moves side to side within the steering column. Which of the following could be the cause?

A worn upper steering column bearing can cause the steering wheel to move side to side within the column.

A pressure test is being performed on a vehicle with power steering. The pres- sure readings taken when the wheels are at the right and left stops are below specs. The readings are normal when the tester shutoff valve is closed. Technician A says that these readings could be caused by a bad steering gear. Technician B says that these readings could be caused by a bad pump. Who is right? (A) A only (B) B only (C) Both A and B (D) Neither A nor B

A.

A vehicle has excessive tire squeal while cornering. The cause of this problem could be: A. a bent steering arm. B. excessive negative caster. C. worn stabilizer bushings. D. worn-out front struts.

A.

A vehicle pulls to the left while driving straight ahead. The cause of this problem could be: A. more positive camber on the left front wheel than the right front wheel. B. more positive caster on the left front wheel than the right front wheel. C. excessive toe-in. D. improper toe-out on turns on the right front wheel.

A.

A vehicle pulls to the right during braking. Technician A says that a worn strut rod bushing could be the cause. Technician B says that a bent right wheel could be the cause. Who is right? (A) A only (B) B only (C) Both A and B (D) Neither A nor B

A.

All of these could cause tire wear if not within manufacturer's specs EXCEPT: (A) caster. (B) wheel balance. (C) toe-in. (D) camber.

A.

If suspension components are mounted to the cradle, a bent cradle could cause this difference. A. a bent engine cradle. B. worn steering gear mounting bushings. C. loose front wheel bearings. D. loose inner tie rod ends.

A.

On a rear suspension with two longitudinally mounted leaf springs, the left rear spring is sagged and the left rear chassis ride height is less than specified. This problem could result in: A. steering pull to the right while driving straight ahead. B. excessive left rear tire tread wear. C. excessive steering wheel free play. D. excessive left front tire tread wear.

A.

On an integral power steering gear, which of the following indicates excessive play between the rack piston and sector? a. Lost motion within steering gear b. Steering wheel vibration c. Hard steering condition when cold d. Hard steering condition when hot

A.

Technician A says whenever working on the steering column, consult the on-line service information for the recommended airbag disabling procedure. Technician B says the u-joint or flexible coupling must be removed before the steering wheel can be removed. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

A.

The steering on a car with a manual rack-and-pinion steering gear suddenly veers in one direction when one or both front wheels hit a bump. The cause of this problem could be: A. a loose steering gear mounting bushing. B. excessive positive caster on both front wheels. C. worn upper strut mounts. D. worn-out front struts.

A.

The steering wheel sensor is typically located at which of the following locations? a. Base of the steering column b. Under the air bag c. On top of the rack and pinion gear d. Inside the rack and pinion gear

A.

Two technicians are discussing vehicle ride height. Technician A says when the vehicle ride height is too low the vehicle could pull to that side. Technician B says ride height does not affect front camber. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

A.

When checking the power steering pump belt tension, for every foot (30.5 cm) of free span, belt deflection should be: A. 0.5 inch (12.7 mm). B. 1 inch (25.4 mm). C. 1.5 inch (38.1 mm). D. 1.75 inch (44.4 mm).

A.

12. A pressure test is being performed on a car with power steering. The pressure readings taken when the wheels are at the right and left stops are below specs. The tester readings are normal when the tester shutoff valve is closed. tech A says that these readings could be caused by a bad steering gear. tech B says that a bad pump could cause these readings. Who is right? A. Tech A Only B. Tech B Only C. Both A and B D. neither

A. A bad steering gear would cause the readings to be low when the steering is at the right and left stops, but the readings would be normal with the tester shutoff valve closed.

23. Tech A says that if steering axis inclination is out of spec, A bent control arm may be the cause. Tech B says that if steering axis inclination is out of spec, the spindle can be shimmed to correct the problem. Whos is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

A. A bent control arm would cause the angle of pivot points to change and subsequently change the steering axis inclination angle. Tech B is incorrect because shimming a spindle is not a recommended procedure and it would affect eh included angle, not the steering axis inclination angle.

83. A customer complains that his car pulls to the right on a level road. All of the following could be the cause EXCEPT: A. more positive caster on the right front wheel B. More positive Camber on the right front wheel C. Sagged left rear spring D. Under inflated Right front tire

A. A vehicle will pull to the side with the least amount of positive caster. All of the other answers would cause a vehicle to pull to the right.

4. All of these could cause tire wear if not within manufacturer's Specs EXCEPT: A. Caster B. Wheel balance C. Toe-In D. Camber

A. Caster that is out of spec will affect steering and handling characteristics, but will not cause tire wear. Whereas, too much toe in or out would severely wear the tires. Additionally, excessive camber would cause inside or outside shoulder wear on the tire, depending on whether the camber was too negative or positive.

80. During a road test, a customer's car nose dives badly during braking, and also has a vibration and seems to "float" at highway speeds. When the vehicle is inspected, the tread on several tires appears choppy and scalloped, but the suspension components appear OK. Tech A says the symptoms are caused by worn shock absorbers. Tech B says new tires and an alignment will correct the problem. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A and B

A. Even if shock absorbers show no signs of physical damage, they can still be worn out. Shocks wear gradually and should be replaced at regular intervals. the symptoms described are typical of work shocks. the vibration is caused by the choppy, scalloped tire tread wear, but if is worn shocks that have caused that wear. The worn shocks allow the wheels to bounce excessively, causing the tires to scrub against the road surface instead of roll, resulting in the tread deformities. Tech B is wrong because an alignment will not cure these symptoms, and without new shocks, the new tires will only wear in the same manner.

77. new power steering hoses have been installed on the vehicle in the previous question. Tech A says the system should be flushed. Tech B says the system should be filled with fresh ATF and the air bled from the system. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

A. Flushing the power steering system is necessary if the fluid is contaminated. Tech B is wrong because, not only should the system be flushed before refilling and bleeding, but the vehicle may not use ATF for power steering fluid. Many vehicles use fluid specifically designed for power steering systems. These specialized fluids are formulated to be compatable with the seals and other materials in the manufacturer's power steering system. using the wrong fluid can result in leaks, swelled seals or serious system damage.

39. a 1 ton pickup truck is in for an alignment. The pickup truck usually carries some pipes and ladders on a rack attachment on the pickup's bed. these items need to be removed in order to raise the truck on the alignment rack. After removing these items, the alignment tech realizes that the frame angle has increased by 1.5 degrees. The caster specs for the vehicle is 3.0 degrees. Tech A says that the caster should be adjusted to 1.5 degrees in order to provide the best handling when the vehicle is loaded. Tech B says that the caster should be adjusted to 4.5 degrees in order to provide the best handling when the vehicle is loaded. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

A. If a vehicle is driven normally loaded, the frame angle should be considered when measuring and adjusting caster. In the case of a positive frame angle, the amount of frame angle should be subtracted from the caster specification. If the vehicle is not normally loaded while being driven, it is not necessary to consider frame angle when measuring and adjusting caster.

60. Tech A says that, when on vehicle balancing a drive axle tire, the opposite wheel must also be supported off the ground if the vehicle is equipped with a limited slip differential. Tech B says that rotating on vehicle balanced tires presents no special problems. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

A. If the vehicle is equipped with a limited slip differential, raise the opposite wheel to be safe. Otherwise, the vehicle could either damage the differential or drive itself over the wheel chocks and cause an accident. Tech B is wrong because when wheels have been spin balanced on the axle, they must be rebalanced whenever the tires are rotated.

64. an upper control arm is being removed from a late model vehicle with SLA suspension. Tech A says that the lower arm should be supported with a jack stand close to the ball joint. Tech B says that the coil spring must be compressed with a spring compressor. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

A. In an SLA suspension, the coil spring is located between the lower control arm and the vehicle frame. By supporting the lower arm near the ball joint, the weight of the vehicle will keep the coil spring compressed enough to allow removal of the upper control arm. If the lower control arm was being removed, then compressing the coil spring with a spring compressor would be necessary.

84. Tech A says that a vehicle with a TPMS can be identified by looking for a TPMS indicator on the instrument panel during the Key on engine off bulb check. Tech B says that all vehicle with TPMS have metal tire valve stems and this feature can be used as an identifier. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

A. Many newer vehicles have rubber stem sensors. Metal valve stems are an indication of a TPMS equipped vehicle, but they can no longer be used as a reliable identifier for all TPMS vehicles.

42. Which of the following four wheel alignment inspection and measurement sequences is correct? A. Ride height, rear camber, rear toe, front caster. B. Ride height, front caster, front camber, Front toe C. Rear toe, rear camber, front caster, front camber D. Ride height, rear toe, rear camber, Front caster

A. Ride height must be measured and corrected before an alignment is performed. When performing a four wheel alignment, the rear must be adjusted first beginning with the camber adjustment.

19. A customer complains of excessive body roll. Which of the following is the MOST likely cause. A. broken stabilizer bar link B. worn ball joint C. weak coil spring D. leaking shock absorber

A. The stabilizer bar, also known as the sway bar, is used to control body roll, and a broken link would allow excessive body roll.

62. All of the following are sensors in an electronically controlled suspension system EXCEPT: A. Wheel speed sensor B. Wheel position sensor C. Vehicle speed sensor D. Height sensor

A. The wheel speed sensor is used in ABS, traction control and stability control systems. All of the other sensors are used in electronically controlled suspension systems.

27. A vehicle suspension system is being checked for radial and axial tolerances. Tech A says that ball joints should be checked. Tech B says that The idler arm should be checked. Who is Right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

A. When checking the radial and axial tolerances, an inspection of the ball joints should be performed. The idler arm would not affect radial or axial tolerances.

50. Tech A says that lubricant can be used to help seat a tire on a wheel rim. Tech B says that if necessary, it is OK to exceed the maximum tire pressure rating to seat the bead, as long as pressure is reduced immediately afterword. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B Only C. Both A and B D. neither A or B

A. When seating tires on rims, never exceed the maximum pressure spec set by the tire manufacture for the tire.

51. Shock absorbers are being installed in the rear of a rear wheel driver solid axle vehicle with coil springs. Tech A says the axle must be supported before the shocks are removed. Tech B says that the coil springs must be compressed with a spring compressor. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. both A and B D. Neither A or B

A. in this suspension design, the shocks are under tension from the coil spring when the vehicle is raised and the suspension is at full rebound, therefore the axle must be supported before the shocks are removed. It is not necessary to compress the coil springs to remove the shocks.

74. A vehicle with SLA suspension is being aligned. Caster and camber are adjusted using shims between the frame and upper control arm shaft. Tech A says that arranging shims to move the upper control arm toward the rear of the vehicle will increase caster. Tech B says that shimming the control arm out from the frame will decrease camber. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. neither A or B

A. moving the control arm toward the rear of the vehicle will increase caster. Moving the control arm away from the frame will increase camber.

Excessive play in the linkage joints may lead to:

Abnormal and/or irregular tire wear Steering wheel shimmy Wandering, binding, and pulling

Thrust line is adjusted by changing: A. Rear camber B. Front camber C. Front toe D. Rear toe

Adjusting rear toe changes the direction the rear wheels are pointing. Therefore, rear toe changes thrust line.

A power steering pump makes noise all the time. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Aerated fluid B. Stuck open pressure relief valve C. Stuck closed pressure relief valve D. Slightly loose belt

Aerated fluid can cause a power steering pump to be noisy all the time.

A customer says their car makes more noise on asphalt than on concrete road surfaces. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Front wheel bearing wear B. Rear wheel bearing wear C. Aggrresive tire tread patterns D. Incorrect alignment angles

Aggressive tire tread patterns. Tires with very aggressive tread patterns are noisy. This noise will vary with different types of finish on the road surface.

Both front springs have been replaced on the vehicle. Which of the following must also be performed? A. Align the vehicle B. Replace the rear springs C. Replace the shocks D. Perform a power steering pressure test

Align the vehicle. After the springs are replaced, drive the vehicle to settle the suspension into its normal ride height and then perform and alignment.

A vehicle with torsion bar front suspension is low on the left front corner. Which of the following is the correct repair procedure? A. Attempt to adjust the right front torsion bar B. Attempt to adjust the left front torsion bar C. Replace the left front torsion bar D. Replace both torsion bars

An attempt to adjust the left front torsion bar should be made to correct ride height.

Negative Camber-

An inward tilt of the wheel at the Camber is measured and displayed in degrees

Positive Camber-

An outward tilt of the wheel at the top.

The center link on a steering system is unlevel. This would most likely cause: A. A pull to the left B. A pull to the right C. Bump steer D. Incorrect thrust angle

An unlevel center link will cause bump steer because as the suspension travels, toe will change, thus effectively, self-steering the vehicle.

Which of the following is the correct inspection procedure for an idler arm? A. With the wheels on the ground, grasp the idler arm and attempt to move it with hand pressure only. B. With the wheels on the ground, use a large pair of pliers to attempt to move the idler arm C. Lift the vehicle on a frame hoist, grasp the idler arm, and attempt to move it with hand pressure only. D. Lift the vehicle on a frame hoist and turn the steering from side to side looking for play.

Answer A is correct. The wheels should be on the ground and hand pressure should be used to check the idler arm for excess movement.

Check the conditions of the brake hoses and look for signs of

Axle grease and brake fluid leakage on backing plate

A sport utility vehicle has high steering effort. Technician A says this could be caused by a sheared shift tube. Technician B says the steering column assembly is misaligned. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

B.

Bump steer is experienced during a road test for steering diagnosis. Technician A says the steering gear may require adjustment. Technician B says the Pitman arm may be bent. Who is right? A. A only B. B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

B.

Excessive looseness is experienced in a power steering gear (non-rack-and-pinion type). The cause of this problem could be a: A. loose or worn power steering belt. B. loose worm shaft bearing preload adjustment. C. scored steering gear cylinder. D. low fluid level in the power steering pump.

B.

Front wheel shimmy may be caused by: A. excessive toe-out. B. improper dynamic wheel balance. C. excessive front wheel setback D. excessive positive camber.

B.

Technician A says the rear camber determines the thrust angle. Technician B says the rear toe angle determines the thrust angle. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

B.

The cause of poor returnability on a manual rack-and-pinion steering gear could be: A. a loose rack bearing adjustment. B. insufficient or improer lubricant on the steering gear. C. loose steering gear mounting bolts. D. excessive positive camber on both front wheels.

B.

This question has the word LEAST. For this question, look for the choice that would LEAST LIKELY cause the described situation. Read the entire question carefully before choosing your answer. While driving a vehicle at 40 miles per hour there is a vibration in the steering wheel. Which of the following is the LEAST likely cause? a. Improper wheel balance b. Worn control arm bushings c. Bent wheel d. Shifted belt inside tire

B.

To remove the manual or power rack-and-pinion steering gear, which procedure should be done first? A. Remove cotter keys from the outer tie rod ends. B. Punch mark the lower universal joint and the steering gear pinion shaft. C. Remove the four stabilizer bar mounting bolts. D. Remove the steering gear mounting bolts.

B.

Two technicians are discussing wheel bearing adjustment on an SLA (short arm long arm) suspension. Technician A says you adjust the front wheel bearings with the vehicle on the ground. Technician B says to use factory procedures when adjusting front wheel bearings. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

B.

43. A vehicle with power steering is parked with the engine running. A hissing noise is heard when the steering wheel is turned back and forth. Tech A says that the Power steering pulp could be bad. Tech B says that this sound is part of normal operation. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

B. A hissing noise, most often heard when the wheels are turned and the vehicle is not moving, is caused by normal relief valve operation and is not an indicator of a power steering system problem.

40. a vehicle just had new stabilizer bar links and bushings installed. Tech A says that the wheels need to be straight ahead with the front end supported before tightening the link's fasteners. Tech B says the vehicle should be resting level on its wheels at its normal ride height before the link's fasteners are tightened. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. neither

B. A vehicle should be resting on its wheels at its normal ride height when the stabilizer bar link bushing fasteners are tightened in order to get the longest life out of the new bushings.

37. medium-duty light truck is on the alignment rack. Tech A points out that there is no arch at all in the rear leaf springs and says this indicates the springs are either worn out or broken. Tech says that this is normal on newer trucks and is not a cause for concern. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both tech A and B D. Neither A or B

B. Advancements in metallurgy have allowed leaf springs to be manufactured with almost no arching, which allows for lower profiles and lighter weight without sacrificing load capacity.

5. A vehicle with variable assist power steering has a lack of power assist in both directions. Tech A says That the problem is in the electronic control system. Tech B says that there could be a problem in the steering gear or a bad power steering pump. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

B. Although further diagnosis will be necessary, Tech B is right. Tech A is wrong because, when there is a malfunction in a variable assist power steering system, the system will allow full power steering.

45. All of the following suspension components are always replaced as a unit EXCEPT: A. Tie rod End B. Idler arm C. Pitman arm D. Ball joint

B. Although most idler arms are replaced as a unit, on some the bushings can be serviced. Ball joints, tie rod ends, and pitman arms are always replaced.

57. All of the following are methods used by manufacturer to attach ball joints to control arms EXCEPT: A. Riveted on B. Welded ON C. Threaded ON D. pressed ON

B. Ball joints can be pressed, threaded or riveted onto control arms. Riveted joints are usually replaced with the bolt on replacements after the rivets are removed.

63. A customer complains that his vehicle stalls repeatedly while parallel parking. Tech A says that the IAC valve is the most likely cause. Tech B says the power steering pressure sensor is at fault. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A and B

B. During parallel parking maneuvers, the Steering wheel is turned against the stops while the vehicle is relatively stationary. This causes high pressure in the power steering system, which places a load on the engine. The power steering pressure sensor informs the PCM/ECM of this high pressure, causing the PCM/ECM to in turn adjust the IAC valve to raise the engine idle speed. If the sensor is faulty, the PCM/ECM will not receive the signal and the engine will stall under the increased load. Tech A is wrong because if the IAC valve was faulty, the vehicle could stall at any time, and not just when parallel parking.

3. A vehicle has front wheel shimmy at low speed and requires increased steering effort. Tech A says that too much positive camber could be the cause. Tech B says that too much Positive caster could be the cause. Who is right? A Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

B. Excessive positive caster will increase steering effort, cause the steering wheel to return too rapidly. cause wander at high speed and shimmy at low speed.

15. The rear thrust line reads to the left (drivers side) while the vehicle is at normal ride height. If the wheels were pointing straight ahead, which direction would the vehicle tend to wander A. Veer to the left B. Veer to the right C. Wander to both left and right D. No change occurs

B. If the thrust line is to the left and the steering wheel is held straight, the vehicle will veer to the right. This happens because the rear wheels will travel towards the left, Which will force the front of the vehicle to the right.

34. A customer is purchasing new front tires for her front- wheel driver vehicle. Tech A says the best way to balance the tires is to mount them on the vehicle and use an on axle spin balancer. Tech B says the best way to balance the tires is to balance them on a spin balancing machine prior to installation. Who is right? A. Tech A B. Tech B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

B. On axle spin balancing is usually not performed on front wheel drive vehicles because it is less accurate and more difficult. The chief problem is supporting the raised wheel in such a way the half-shaft is perfectly straight coming from the transaxle. The operations of some constant velocity (CV) joints may change the balance as the axle rotates and cause balance readings to be inaccurate.

48. All of the following will cause a tire to wear at the edge EXCEPT: A. Incorrect camber B. Overinflation C. aggressive cornering D. underinflation

B. Overinflation will cause excessive wear in the center of the tread.

9. If you readjust camber on the left front strut, which, if any, of these specs might change A. Right caster B. Left toe and total toe C. SAI D. None of the above.

B. Readjusting camber will have an affect on the individual toe for the left wheel as well as the total toe. SAI is not adjustable and generally, caster is not adjustable either on a strut suspension.

21. Tech A says that the ride height of a vehicle is always adjustable. Tech B says that the ride height of a vehicle can only be adjusted on certain models. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D Neither tech

B. Ride height is only adjustable on some models. On most models, parts replacement is the only way to correct ride height.

8. When checking a tire, a tech find it to have too much radial (up and down) runout. Tech A says to rotate the tire and wheel assembly on the mounting studs to correct the problem. Tech B says to rotate the tire on the wheel assembly to attempt to bring the runout within specs. Who is right? A. Tech A Only B. Tech B Only C. Both A and B C. Neither

B. Rotating the tire on the wheel will compensate for wheel/tire differential (positioning the highest spot on the tire at the lowest spot on the wheel.) Whereas', rotating the wheel assembly on the mounting studs will have no effect on runout.

56. Tech A says that all vehicles with Strut-type front suspension require that the strut be removed to replace the front coil springs. Tech B says that the coil spring should be compressed before removal of an SLA-Type front suspension. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

B. The coil spring on a SLA suspension vehicle should be compressed with a suitable spring compressor before the ball joint is disconnected, so it can safely be removed. Tech A is wrong because on vehicles with modified struts, the coil spring is located between the lower control arm and frame, as on an SLA suspension vehicle, and the strut need not be removed to replace the coil spring.

69. Tech A says an indirect measurement Tire pressure monitoring system uses wheel speed sensors to measure tire pressure. Tech B says a direct measurement TPMS uses tire pressure sensors to measure tire pressure. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

B. The direct measurement TPMS uses sensors mounted in each tire/wheel assembly that directly measure tire pressure. Tech A is wrong because the wheel speed sensors in an indirect TPMS do not measure tire pressure. The ABS wheel speed sensors monitor wheel speed, and a tire with low pressure is identified by comparing the relative wheel speed of each wheel. An increase in wheel speed by a wheel in comparison to the others indicates a difference in tire pressure, since the circumference of an underinflated tire will roll at a different number of revolutions per mile than one that is properly filled.

14. The ball joints on a Macpherson strut- type suspension are being replaced. Tech A says that coil spring compressor should be installed before separating the control arm and the spindle. Tech B says that the wheel alignment should be checked after the ball joints have been replaced. Who is right? A. tech A Only B. Tech B Only C. Both A and B D. Neither

B. The wheel alignment should be checked after the ball joint (or any suspension part) is replaced. It is not necessary to install a coil spring compressor prior to separating the control arm and the spindle because the MacPhearson strut assembly contains a spring. However, a spring compressor should be used if the strut is being disassembled.

35. When the suspension is worked up and down on a vehicle equipped with a Macpherson strut type suspension, The camber spec changes more on one side than the other. Tech A says that camber can't be adjusted on a Macpherson Strut. Tech B says that the strut on the side that camber changes the most may be bent. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

B. While some MacPherson strut assemblies do not allow camber or caster adjustments, many vehicles do have eccentrics or slotted mounting holes to provide adjustment. An abnormal change in camber normally indicates a bent strut.

31. A car is raised on a lift with the wheels pointed straight ahead and when the engine is started, the wheels slowly turn to the right. Tech A says that a binding upper bearing on a Macpherson strut or an improperly installed RBS Tie-rode end could cause this condition. Tech B says that the power steering valve is out of adjustment. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither Techs

B. a binding upper bearing or incorrectly installed RBS tie rod end would pull the steering to a specific point and stop regardless of whether the engine was running or not. Since the engine needs to be running to have this condition occur, the power steering valve is causing the problem.

33. A tire on an alloy wheel is being balanced. Tech A says that clip on weights should be used. Tech B says that tape on should be used. Who is right? A. Tech A only B.Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

B. never use clip on weights with cast allow wheels because the clips can scratch the aluminum. Also, there will eventually be electrolytic damage between the steel of the clip and the aluminum of the wheel, particularly in areas where salt is used on the roads in the winter. Not only will the weight fall off, but the wheel may be corroded and damaged as well.

71. The included angle is equal to: A. steering axis inclination (SAI) plus caster B. SAI plus camber C. scrub radius plus toe out on turns D. thrust angle plus setback

B. the included angle is equal to SAI plus camber. It is the angle formed between an imaginary line drawn through the centerline of the ball joints (or on strut suspensions, between the centerlines of the ball joint and the upper bearing) as seen from the front, and the centerline of the tire/wheel.

Typical measurement locations are:

BF and BR= bottom bumper to ground AF and AR= Center of wheel to precise rocker panel location RF and RR= Floor to rocker panel measurement (flattest spot) WF and WR= Floor or center of wheel to highest spot of wheel well opening SF and SR= Suspension measurement

Why is the camber angle important? A. Because it directly affects ride stiffness B. Because it is a tire wearing angle and it affects steering control C. Because it can cause vibration D. Because it affects the operation of the brakes

Because it is a tire wearing angle and it affects steering control. Camber is a tire wear angle and can cause a pull in the steering.

Positive displacement vane type pump is driven by

Belt driven by the engine

What is one of the most likely causes for toe-out-on-turns to be out of specification?

Bent steering arm

Which of the following would cause toe-out-on-turns to be out of specification? A. Bent tie rods B. Bent steering arm C. Bent lower control arm D. Bent upper control arm

Bent steering arm. A bent steering arm would change toe-out-on-turns.

A front wheel drive vehicle with a rack and pinion power steering system is being diagnosed. During the test drive the technician notices the steering is binding in one spot only while turning right. What is the most likely cause?

Binding Rack & Pinion Gear

Technician A says that camber and SAI make up the included angle. Technician B says that the purpose of the turning angle is to reduce tire scuffing during cornering. Who is right?

Both A and B. Both Technicians are correct. Included angle is found by combining camber and SAI. The purpose of the turn angle is to allow the front tires to travel through a turn in different circles. Tire scuffing during cornering is controlled by toe-out-on-turns or turning angle.

Technician A says that shims are sometimes used to adjust rear toe and camber. Technician B says that strut rods are sometimes used to adjust rear toe and camber. Who is right?

Both A and B. Both Technicians are correct. Shims can be installed behind the bearing assembly to change the rear toe. Strut rods can also be used to change rear toe on some models.

Loose tie rods are discovered during the initial inspection of a vehicles steering linkage. Technician A says loose tie rods will cause a clunking or popping noise while turning. Technician B says loose tie rods will result in constant steering correction and vehicle wander. Who is correct?

Both Technician A and Technician B

Technician A says a vehicle with torsion bar suspension can be adjusted to repair ride height. Technician B says on some vehicles torsion bars are used in place of coil springs. Who is correct?

Both Technician A and Technician B

Two technicians are discussing an electronic air suspension system. Technician A says the suspension switch must be turned off before lifting the vehicle. Technician B says soapy water is used to check these systems for leaks. Who is correct?

Both Technician A and Technician B

Technician A says rear toe on some vehicles can be adjusted with shims. Technician B says rear toe on some vehicles can be adjusted with cams. Who is correct?

Both Technicians are correct. Both shims and cams can be used to adjust rear toe.

A vehicle has a crooked steering wheel when driving down the road. Technician A says this could be caused by failure to install the steering wheel correctly. Technician B says this could be caused by rear toe being out of adjustment. Who is correct?

Both Technicians are correct. Rear toe being out of proper adjustment will cause a thrust angle to exist which will cause crooked steering wheel. Also, a steering wheel which was installed one spline off could cause a crooked steering wheel.

A solid rear axle vehicle has a shorter wheelbase on one side than the other. Technician A says this could cause a pull to the side with the shorter wheelbase. Technician B says this could cause a thrust angle problem. Who is correct?

Both Technicians are correct. Setback can cause the vehicle to pull to the side with the shorter wheelbase. Also, when there is a wheelbase difference on a solid rear axle vehicle, the rear axle can be shifted, resulting in a thrust angle condition.

There is a pull on acceleration and deceleration. Technician A says spring eye bushings could be the cause. Technician B says worn strut rod bushings could be the cause. Who is right?

Both Technicians are correct. Spring eye bushings and worn strut rod bushings can both allow the control arm to move when the vehicle is driven.

The sector shaft adjustment is being performed on a recirculating ball steering gear. Technician A says turning torque should be measured with an inch/pound torque wrench. Technician B says the adjustment is changed by rotating the adjusting screw on the top of the steering gear. Who is correct?

Both Technicians are correct. The torque is checked using an inch/pound wrench and the adjust screw is located on top of the steering gear.

A vehicle has 2.5 degrees cross camber. Technician A says this could cause tire wear. Technician B says this could cause a pull. Who is correct?

Both technicians are correct. Cross camber greater than 0.5 degrees can cause a pull. Also, incorrect camber can cause tire wear.

During an alignment, the technician finds caster to be below specification. Technician A says this could be caused by an incorrect rear ride height setting. Technician B says this could be caused by a malfunctioning air suspension system. Who is correct?

Both technicians are correct. Higher than specification rear ride height would cause caster to go negative. Higher than normal rear ride height can be caused by an air suspension system that will not deflate the airbags when appropriate.

A driver comes in with a wandering concern on an SLA (short arm long arm) suspension. Technician A says a worn relay rod ball socket may be the cause. Technician B says the tie rod adjusting limit may be out of specification. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

C.

A vehicle requires excessive steering effort. The power steering belt is tight and the reservoir is filled to the specified level. The cause of the problem could be: A. worn lower ball joints. B. weak front springs. C. a seized idler arm. D. a weak stabilizer bar.

C.

A vehicle with rack and pinion steering has a shimmy. Technician A says that worn rack-to-frame mounting bushings could be the cause. Technician B says that loose inner or outer tie rod ends (sockets) could be the cause. Who is right? (A) A only (B) B only (C) Both A and B (D) Neither A nor B

C.

All of the following statements about tire inflation are true EXCEPT: A. Overinflation causes excessive wear on the center of the tread. B. Under inflation causes excessive wear on both edges of the tread. C. Tire pressure should be adjusted when the tires are hot. D. Under inflation may cause tire and/or wheel damage.

C.

Technician A says if the steering column input shaft is not aligned correctly there would be noise. Technician B says if the lubricant level is low in a linkage-assist type power steering column, there will be a noise when turning the steering wheel. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

C.

Technician A says many torsion bars are adjustable to allow for ride height adjustment. Technician B says torsion bars are usually marked left and right and should never be switched side to side. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

C.

The front end of a vehicle vibrates up and down while traveling at most road speeds. Technician A says that too much radial runout of the front tires could be the cause. Technician B says that static out-of-balance of the front tires could be the cause. Who is right? (A) A only (B) B only (C) Both A and B (D) Neither A nor B

C.

The front suspension ride height is less than specified on a MacPHerson strut suspension system. The cause of this problem could be any of the following EXCEPT: A. worn-out struts. B. damaged upper strut mounts. C. worn steering gear mounting bushings. D. worn lower control arm bushings.

C.

Two technicians are discussing the ride height measuring procedure. Technician A says bent components can cause incorrect ride height. Technician B says for proper measurement of the ride height, the vehicle must have a full tank of fuel. Who is right? a. A only b. B only c. Both A and B d. Neither A nor B

C.

When replacing a lower control arm bushings on a short arm long arm (SLA) suspension, the replacement should be: a. Tightened and torqued in a vise b. Tightened using the torque turn method c. Torqued with vehicle weight on suspension d. Torqued with control arm resting on frame

C.

Which of the following conditions is likely to indicate a worn control arm bushing? a. Ball joint play b. Front suspension sag c. Rubber bushing is cracked d. Fails the bounce test

C.

Which of the following electronically controlled suspension sensors is tested by unbolting it with the ignition on, engine off (KOEO) and reviewing scan tool data for correct operation? a. VSS (vehicle speed sensor) b. WSS (wheel speed sensor) c. G-sensor d. Yaw Rate sensor

C.

While discussing air shock absorbers, Technician A says that some air shock absorbers can be pressurized with a shop air hose. Technician B says if a shock absorber slowly loses its air pressure, shock absorber replacement may be necessary. Who is right? A. A only B. B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

C.

While discussing front cradle alignment, Technician A says the cradle may be measured at various locations to determine if it is bent. Technician B says on some cradles an alignment hole in the cradle must be aligned with a hole in the chassis. Who is right? A. A only B. B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A nor B

C.

10. Too much caster on the left front wheel will cause the __________ A. vehicle to drift to the left B. Left tire to wear on the outside edge C. vehicle to drift to the right D. left tire to wear on the inside edge.

C. A vehicle will tend to steer or drift to the side with the least amount of caster. Caster will not cause tire wear, but excessive camber will cause wear to the inside of outside shoulders of a tire.

28. A vehicle has a noise coming from the power steering pump. Tech A says that a loose belt could be the cause. Tech B says that air in the system could be the cause. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both Techs are right. A loose power steering pump belt and air could both cause power steering pump noise.

46. at the beginning of a power steering system pressure test, with the shutoff valve open, the pressure reading is above specs with the fluid at normal operating temperature and the front wheels in the straight ahead position. Tech A says that there could be a restriction in the power steering pressure hose. Tech B says that the poppet valve in the steering gear could be the cause. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both Techs are right. Either one could be the cause for the above normal pressure.

13. a vehicle with a manual rack and pinion steering gear has a shimmy. Tech A says that worn rack to frame mounting bushings could be the cause. tech B says that loose inner or outer tie rod ends (sockets) could be the cause. Who is right?

C. Both Techs are right. Steering play or looseness may occur if the rack to frame mounting bushings are worn, or if the inner or outer tie rod ends are loose. both of these conditions can result in a shimmy.

2. A driver says that the front end of his car vibrates up and down while traveling at most road speeds. Tech A says that too much runout of the front wheels could be the cause. Tech B says that a static out of balance of the front wheels could be the cause. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both Techs are right. Too much runout or static out of balance in the front wheels will cause a vibration

18. A vehicle with power steering has no assist in either direction. Tech A says that a loose power steering belt could be the cause. Tech B says that a faulty flow control valve could be the cause. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. A faulty control valve will reduce the fluid pressure and cause an increase in steering effort. A loose power steering pump drive belt will create a similar condition.

17. A vehicle with power steering has assist in only one direction. Tech A says that oil leaking past a worm shaft seal ring could be the cause Tech B says a broken ring on the worm piston could be the cause. Who is right? A. Tech A B. Tech B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. An oil leak past the worm shaft oil sealing ring or a broken ring on the worm piston could cause the power steering to only have assist in one direction.

16. Tech A says that the bearing preload must be set when overhauling a manual steering gear. Tech B says that the sector lash must be set when overhauling a manual steering gear. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B Only C. Both techs D. Neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. Both bearing preload and sector lash adjustments are necessary after an overhaul. Correct sector lash prevents gear binding and excessive steering wheel free play. Correct preload prevents worm end play and loose steering feel.

61. Tech A says that vehicle ride height is measured between the ground and the rocker panel. Tech B says that ride height is measured between suspension components. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. Both measurements are commonly used. Consult the vehicle service manual for specs and measuring locations.

22. Tech A says that caster is not a tire wearing angle. Tech B says that toe-in or Toe-out will cause tire wear. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither Techs

C. Both techs are right. Caster will have an effect on steering and handling, but will not cause tire wear. However, if a suspension system has too much toe in or toe out, tire wear will result.

78. The inner tread area of the front tires is worn on a vehicle with Macpherson strut type suspension. Tech A says the camber setting is incorrect. Tech B says the front coil springs could be sagged. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. Excessive negative camber will cause accelerated wear on the inside edge of a tire. As a spring sags on a MacPherson strut, the top of the tire will lean inward, wearing the inner tire tread area first.

26. Excessive steering wheel play is felt in the steering wheel on a manual steering system. Tech A says that a worn idler arm could be the cause. Tech B says that a misadjusted mesh preload may be the cause. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither Tech

C. Both techs are right. Excessive steering wheel lay may result from a worn idler arm and/or maladjusted mesh preload.

65. A vehicle pulls to the right during braking. Tech A says the problem is in the brake system, and the pull is most likely due to brake fluid on the linings or a seized caliper piston. Tech B says that the pull could be caused by worn right side strut rod bushings. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. Faulty brake components can cause a vehicle to pull to one side during braking. Worn strut rod bushings would cause the caster angle to change during braking, also resulting in the vehicle pulling to that side.

41. A vehicle equipped with manual rack and pinion steering is having the front end inspected. Tech A says that the inner tie rod ends should be inspected while in their normal running position. Tech B says that if movement is felt between the tie rod ball and the socket while the tire is moved in and out, the inner tie rod should be replaced. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. Inner tie rods should be inspected while in their normal running position. This allows the tie rod assemblies to be level and prevents binding that may occur when the suspension is allowed to hang free. Any play felt between the tie rod ball and the socket while the tire is moved in and out indicates that the assembly is worn and requires replacement.

32. On a 4 wheel driver vehicle with drag link steering, after the alignment is complete and correct, The steering wheel is turned to the left when the vehicle is driving straight ahead. Tech A suggests removing the steering wheel and replacing it in an orientation closer to straight ahead. Tech B suggests advising the driver that the linkage does not include enough adjustment to center the steering wheel. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. Many steering systems with this type linkage geometry do not have fully adjustable toe links, but the vehicles have steering wheel and column splines that allow multiple orientations of the steering wheel to the column.

53. Tech A says that setback is caused by collision damage. Tech B says that setback can be designed into a vehicle. Who is right? A. Tech a only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. Ordinarily, if you find setback on a vehicle, it means there has been frame or unibody damage that has shifted the mounting points of the suspension components. However, on a few vehicles, such as light trucks with Twin I beam front suspension, the front wheel is slightly farther back on one side by design.

20. Tech A says that the wheel bearings can be adjusted by tightening the nut while turning the hub , and then backing off the nut part of a turn. Tech B says the end play in the bearings can be checked using a dial indicator. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither tech

C. Both techs are right. Tech A is describing a proper adjustment procedure for tapered roller bearings. tech B is also right because, after the adjustment, there should be 0.001-0.007 Inches end play. However, always consult the vehicle service manual for the specific adjustment procedure.

68. Tech A says an electric/electronic power steering system uses inputs from various sensors to deliver the proper amount of power assist. Tech B says the steering tuning programmed into the system control module determines the degree of power assist. Who is right? A. tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

C. Both techs are right. The power steering control module regulate the degree of power assist based on inputs from a steering shaft torque sensor, steering wheel position sensor and vehicle speed sensor as well as the steering tuning programmed into the module.

36. A vehicle equipped with power steering exhibits excessive steering effort. All hydraulic system specs are correct and the alignment is within specs. Tech A says that this condition may be caused by corrosion in the steering linkage ball studs. Tech B says that the intermediate shaft U joints could be binding. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither Tech

C. Both techs are right. Worn dust boots on ball studs can allow contamination and rusting of ball studs in their sockets. However, some vehicles have an intermediate shaft connecting the steering column with the gear. The U-joints on this shaft are subject to rust and binding.

76. When checking a vehicle's power steering fluid level, a tech notices dark colored particles in the fluid. These are most likely from: A. Moisture in the system B. Wear or damage to the pump C. rubber components like the hoses are breaking down D. air in the system

C. Evidence of dark colored particles in the fluid usually indicates that rubber components like the hoses or seals are breaking down. Metal particles are indicative of wear or damage to the pump and/or steering gear. Fluid that is foamy is caused by air in the system.

38. A vehicle equipped with a Macpherson Strut type suspension is in the shop for new tires and an alignment. The tire installer noticed that the vehicle has some play in the left side inner tie rod end and informs the alignment Tech. What should the alignment tech tell the customer? A. it is not a problem that will affect alignment. B. He'll align the front end, but they should replace the inner tie rod end soon. C. The inner tie rod end needs to be replaced before an alignment can be performed. D. He can se the vehicles alignment so that the play in the inner tie rod will be compensated for.

C. Play in the inner tie rod will not allow a correct alignment to be performed. The tie rod must be replaced prior to performing an alignment.

85. A customer complains that his car darts to one side of the other whenever he hits a bump. Which of the following could be the cause A. Unequal length half-shafts B. binding upper strut bearings C. worn steering rack mount bushings D. Binding tie rod ends

C. The customer is describing the symptoms of "bump Steer" which is what happens when the vehicle wants to dart one way or another just as the suspension goes through jounce and rebound. This is caused by a change of Toe setting as the suspension works. A steering rack that is not parallel with the horizontal line of the front axle, because of worn mount bushings, could cause this condition. Answer A is wrong because unequal length halfshafts would cause "torque steer" during acceleration. Answers B and D are wrong because those defects would cause "memory steer" where the vehicle wants to go in a direction other than straight ahead.

70. When replacing an integral hub/bearing assembly on a front wheel drive vehicle, all of the following must be removed EXCEPT: A. brake rotor B. brake caliper C. steering knuckle D. Wheel

C. The steering knuckle does not have to be removed when replacing an integral hub/bearing assembly. However, it must be removed when replacing the press fit type front wheel bearing.

58. All of the following are true of torsion bars EXCEPT: A. They can be mounted Longitudinally or transversely. B. They serve the same function as coil springs. C. They are interchangeable from side to side. D. They can be used to adjust ride Height.

C. Torsion bars are not normally interchangeable from side to side. This is because the direction of the twisting or torsion is not the same on the left and right sides.

52. Technician has just installed a replacement for a failed power steering gear. Which of the following should he do next? A. Bleed the system B. Pressure test the system C. flush the system D. Check wheel alignment

C. When the steering gear failed, it most likely contaminated the whole system. The system should be flushed, and then air bled. Toe may need adjusting due to the new gearbox, but a pressure test will only be necessary if there are any more problems.

Camber is the angle formed by the inward or outward tilt of the top of the wheel referenced to vertical line originating from the center base of the tire

Camber

The left front tire on a vehicle shows outside tread wear. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Worn shock absorbers B. Tires overinflated C. Camber adjustment incorrect D. Caster adjustment incorrect

Camber adjustment incorrect. Excessive positive camber will cause cupping across the tire tread.

The left front tire is worn on the inside tread only; the right front tire shows no abnormal wear. Which angle is most likely the cause? A. Caster B. Camber C. Toe-in D. Toe-outq

Camber wears the tires on the inner or outer shoulders.

Any of these can cause bump steer EXCEPT: A. Worn idler arm B. Unlevel steering rack C. Incorrect camber settings D. Worn center link

Camber will cause tire wear and a pull, however, it will not cause bump steer.

Which of the following alignment angles is most likely to be the cause of a steering returnability concern. A. Front toe B. Caster C. Camber D. Rear toe

Caster has the greatest affect on returnability.

Vehicle ride height is correct on the front, but lower than specification on the rear. Which of the following front alignment angles would be most affected? A. Toe B. Caster C. Camber D. SAI

Caster is the forward and rearward tilt of the steering axis. When the rear ride height is lower than specification, it has the effect of making caster more positive.

Which angle has the greatest affect on steering wheel return? A. Camber B. SAI C. Toe D. Caster

Caster. Caster greatly affects steering wheel return.

The EPS light is continuously illuminated on the dash. What should the technician do?

Connect a scan tool and access the trouble code.

Visually inspect rubber bushings for :

Cracks, breakage, contamination from oil or other fluids.

If a steering wheel is installed incorrectly, and rear toe is out of adjustment, what would be one of the major symptoms seen?

Crooked steering wheel while driving

30. all alignment measurements on a vehicle are within spec, except SAI and Toe-out on turns. Tech A says that these alignments angles are not adjustable, so there is nothing more to do. Tech B says neither of these angles can cause tire wear. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both tech A and B D. Neither A or B

D neither tech is right. While it is true that SAI and toe out on turns cannot be adjusted, they indicate that some component is bent and must be replaced. Incorrect SAI will cause changes in camber while turning and incorrect toe out will abrade tire rubber.

A vehicle wanders while being driven on level roads. Technician A says that too much negative camber could be the cause. Technician B says that too much positive caster could be the cause. Who is right? (A) A only (B) B only (C) Both A and B (D) Neither A nor B

D.

During a wheel alignment, a technician finds the toe-out-on-turns (turning radius) to be incorrect. Which of these could be the cause? (A) Bent pitman arm (B) Bent tie rod (C) Bent idler arm (D) Bent steering arm

D.

The steering pulls to the right while driving straight ahead on a truck with a long-and-short arm front suspension and a leaf spring rear suspension. All of the following defects could be the cause of the problem EXCEPT: A. A broken center bolt in the left rear spring. B. More positive caster on the left front wheel than the right front wheel. C. Low tire pressure on the right side. D. Excessive toe-in on the front wheels.

D.

This question has the word EXCEPT. For this question, look for the choice that could NOT meet the described situation. Read the entire question carefully before choosing your answer. All of the following statements about a conventional shock absorber are true, EXCEPT: a. A slight oil leakage film is considered normal. b. A worn or leaking shock will not cause a vehicle to lean. c. Purge the air from new shocks before installing. d. Oil leakage will cause the vehicle to fail a bounce test.

D.

To remove the manual steering gear (non-rack-and-pinion type), which procedure should be done first? A. Remove the steering gear from the chassis. B. Disconnect the flexible coupling from the worm shaft. C. Remove the steering-gear-to-frame mounting bolts. D. Disconnect the battery ground cable

D.

To remove the power steering gear (non-rack-and-pinion type), which procedure should be done first? A. Disconnect the steering gear shaft from the worm shaft. B. Remove the Pitman arm nut and washer and mark the Pitman arm in relation to the shaft with a center punch. C. Remove the steering gear mounting bolts and remove the steering gear from the chassis. D. Disconnect the hoses from the steering gear, cap the lines, and cap the fittings.

D.

When an electronically controlled four-wheel-steering (4WS) system enters the fail-safe mode: A. voltage is maintained to the rear steering unit. B. the control unit deenergizes the damper relay. C. the rear steering unit moves rapidly to the center position. D. the 4WS lamp is lit on the instrument panel.

D.

When unloading the ball joints on a front suspension with the coil spring located between the lower control arm and the frame: A. a safety stand must be placed under the chassis. B. the shock absorber must be disconnected. C. the ride height must be within specifications. D. a safety stand must be placed under the lower control arm.

D.

Which of these should the technician do first when aligning a light truck equipped with a torsion bar front suspension? (A) Adjust the thrust angle (B) Adjust the caster/camber (C) Check/adjust the toe (D) Check/adjust the ride height (curb height).

D.

6. A customer complains that a vehicle wanders on a bumpy road and needs continual driver correction to stay straight. What could be Wrong? A. Excessive negative front caster B. Insufficient front toe C. Rear or front bump steer D. All of the above

D. Excessive negative caster, insufficient front toe, and front or rear bump steer could cause a vehicle to wander on a bumpy road.

59. Which of the following causes for ball joint replacement could also require steering knuckle replacement? A. Torn dust boot B. worn ball and socket C. wear indicator below surface D. Broken ballstud

D. If the ballstud has broken, it is possible that the tapered hole in the steering knuckle has become distorted. You can check this by trying the new balljoint stud in the hole: if there is any free-play or if the new tapered stud can rock in the hole, the hole is rounded out. If this has occurred, the steering knuckle must be replaced.

66. On a vehicle with conventional steering gear and parallelogram steering linkage, an incorrect toe setting can be caused by all of the following EXCEPT: A. worn idler arm bushings B. incorrect tie rod adjustment C. Bent center link D. too little worm bearing preload

D. If there is too little worm bearing preload in the steering gear, the steering will feel loose but the toe setting will not be affected. All of the other answers could cause the toe setting to be incorrect.

44. All of the following could be caused by a misaligned subframe EXCEPT: A. Difficulty shifty the transmission B. Hard steering C. Tire wear D. Poor ride quality

D. Many vehicles use sub frames to mount the drivetrain and/ or suspension and steering. If the sub-frame is misaligned due to incorrect installation after service or due to collision damage, it can cause binding in the shift and steering linkage. The alignment could also be incorrect which could cause tire wear.

49. all of the following can cause incorrect vehicle ride height EXCEPT: A. Broken leaf spring shackle B. Fatigued Coil spring C. Incorrectly adjusted torsion bars D. Worn shock absorbers

D. Misadjusted torsion bars, sacked coil springs and broken leaf spring shackles would all cause a vehicles ride height to be too low. Worn shock absorbers would not affect vehicle ride.

25. Which of the following is most likely to be lubricated and sealed by the manufacturer? A. Needle bearings B. tapered roller bearings C. plain bearings. D. Ball bearings

D. Most ball bearings are factory lubricated and sealed for Life.

47. Tech A says that dynamic wheel balancing can be accomplished with a bubble balancer. Tech B says that static wheel balancing requires a spin balancer. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

D. Neither Tech is right. A bubble balancer is used to static balance a tire, while a spin balancer is used to dynamic balance a tire.

75. All four tires on a vehicle with an indirect TPMS are below inflation specs by an equal amount and the TPMS warning light did not illuminate. Tech A says the wheel speed sensors should be checked. Tech B says that all four sensors could not be bad and the problem is with the TPMS control module. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. Neither A or B

D. Neither Tech is right. The system is operating normally. An indirect TPMS cannot determine that there is a low inflation problem if all four tires are underinflated.

54. Tech A says that a power steering pump pulley should be pressed onto the pump shaft until it stops, to ensure proper pulley alignment. Tech B says that Pulley replacement requires that the power steering pump be removed from the vehicle. Who is right? A. Tech A only B. Tech B only C. Both A and B D. neither A or B

D. Neither tech is right. Pulley alignment should be checked as the pulley is installed; many pulleys are not installed until they bottom on a shoulder but rather just until they align. Many power steering pumps cannot be removed from the vehicle until the pulley is removed.

67. All of the following are true statements regarding tapered wheel bearings EXCEPT: A. The bearings and outer races must be replaced as an assembly. B. They must be adjusted after installation. C. used bearings must be reinstalled on their original races. D. they are mostly used on drive axles

D. Tapered wheel bearings are mounted between the hub and fixed spindle and are commonly used on non drive axles.

79. A customer had new tires installed on his car 6000 miles ago and now wants them rotated. The owner's manual says the rear tires should be crossed when brought to the front and the front tires brought to the rear on the same side. All tires have arrows on the sidewalls. Which of the following is the proper service procedure? A. Follow the instructions in the owner's manual/ B. Move the back tires to the front and front tires to the back, but leave them on the same side. C. Dismount the rear tires from the wheels, flip them, and reinstall them on the wheels before moving them to the other side of the car. D. Either B or C

D. The arrows on the side-walls indicate that these are directional tires, which are designed to give good performance only when rotating in the direction indicated by the arrow. The rotation pattern described in answer B could be used, or If the manufacturer's recommended pattern is followed, The procedure in answer C could be used to make sure the tires are rotating in the proper direction.

82. There is a 3 degree difference between the included angles on each side of a front wheel drive vehicle. Which of the following could be the cause? A. incorrect camber setting B. loose outer tie rod ends C. incorrect toe setting D. bent Macpherson strut.

D. The included angle is the angle formed between an imaginary line drawn through the centerline of the ball joints(or between the centerlines of the ball joint and the upper bearing on strut suspensions) as seen from the front, and the centerline of the Tire/Wheel. The included angle is equal to SAI plus camber and is not an adjustable angle. The included angles on each side of the vehicle should be within 0.5 of one another. A larger difference in side to side included angle indicates there is a bent component, like a spindle or MacPherson strut. The only way to correct included angle is to replaced the damaged spindle or strut.

24. Tire cupping is MOST likely caused by: A. Worn shock absorbers B. wheel imbalance C. Loose tie-rod ends D. All of the above

D. Tire cupping or scalloping can result from worn shock absorbers, improperly balance wheels/ tires or loose/ defective tie rod ends.

55. All of the following could warrant replacement of a rack and pinion inner tie rod end EXCEPT: A. Torn Bellows Boot B. Failed articulation test C. socket looseness D. Incorrect rack bearing preload

D. a torn bellows boot would let dirt and grit get to the tie rod end socket and could cause it fail. Looseness in the socket or failing an articulation effort test would require replacement. incorrect rack bearing preload would not affect the inner tie rod end.

7. While aligning a front end, a technician finds the toe out on turns (turning Radius) to be greater than the manufacturer's Specs and it has 2.0 degrees difference from the left side to the right side. Which, if any, of the following could be the cause? A. Nothing is wrong; the vehicle has a non symmetrical steering design. B. Bent pitman arm C. bent tie-rod D. Both B and C

D. either a bent pitman arm or a tie rod could cause the specifications for the toe out on turns to be out of spec. Vehilces with non symmetrical steering systems will have a difference from side to side, but the difference will not exceed the manufacturer's specs and it rarely has a greater than 1.5 degrees difference from side to side.

Metal bushings are also used and should be inspected for wear by:

Determining if any looseness is evident

A vehicle is hard to steer. After disconnecting both outer tie rods, the steering wheel is still hard to turn. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Binding strut bearing on the left strut B. Worn strut bearing on the right strut C. Binding steering column universal joint D. Worn rack bushings

Disconnecting the outer tie rod ends would not change a tight, or, binding, steering column universal joint.

Steering wheel position is corrected by adjusting the?

Drag Link adjuster

The Haltenberger steering system has?

Drag link Inner tie rod end Outer tie rod ends Adjustment sleeves

Identify the amount of free play in the entire steering system from steering wheel to the steering arm

Dry Park Inspection

A vehicle is hard to steer in one direction only. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Tight joint in the steering shaft B. Loose joint in the steering shaft C. Faulty power steering pump D. Fault power steering gear

Faulty power steering gear. A leaking seal in a power steering gear could affect steering in both directions.

There is a vibration which can be felt in the steering wheel at speeds above 30 mph. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Front wheels out of balance B. Rear wheels out of balance C. Caster D. Camber

Front wheels out of balance. A vibration felt in the steering wheel is most likely caused by the front wheels being out of balance.

When a power steering pump pressure test is being performed, what is the maximum amount of time the valve on the tester should be closed? A. 5 seconds B. 15 seconds C. 25 seconds D. 35 seconds

Holding the valve closed longer than 5 seconds can overheat the fluid and damage the pump.

Check the outer joints by driving the vehicle

In a tight circle and listen for popping or grinding sounds

What results in excessive steering wheel movement?

In tilt steering column, worn or loose pivots, which allow the column to tilt.

What is the most likely cause of a left front tire showing outside tread wear?

Incorrect camber adjustment

If the rear tires of a vehicle have a diagonal wear pattern, what is the most likely cause?

Incorrect rear toe

A four-wheel drive vehicle with oversized tires and rims has a shimmy after hitting a bump. A dry park inspection has been performed and the alignment has been checked. No problems were identified. Which of the following would most likely fix the concern? A. Installation of a steering damper B. Adjust the caster 2 degrees positive from the original caster specifications C. Adjust the caster 2 degrees negative from the original caster specifications D. Installation of a power steering cooler

Installing a steering damper will help correct a front-wheel shimmy due to oversized tires and wheels.

Control arms bushings serve as a pivot points and should not have any:

Inward or outward free-play movement

Why is camber angle important?

It is a tire wear angle and can cause a pull in the steering.

The steering knuckle is being replaced on the front of a vehicle with torsion bar SLA suspension. Any of these is true concerning this procedure EXCEPT: A. The outer tie rod must be disconnected B. The inner tie rod must be disconnected C. The upper ball joint must be disconnected D. The lower ball joint must be disconnected

It will not be necessary to remove the inner tie rod to replace the steering knuckle.

Most pitman arms are ________ or ________ splined to ensure proper installation.

Keyed Blind

The recirculating ball steering gear is primarily used on

Large, rear wheel drive vehicles

King pins should not have

Lateral movement or binding

When storing an airbag on a workbench, which of the following is the correct way to place it? A. Face down B. Face up C. Facing the wall D. Facing away from the wall

Laying the airbag face up is the safest position.

What is a primary cause of a worn jounce bumper?

Leaking shocks

A vehicle has worn jounce bumpers. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Leaking shocks B. Leaking power steering pump C. Leaking power steering gear D. Worn strut bearings

Leaking shocks. Leaking shocks can allow the vehicle to bottom out on rough road surfaces.

The advantages of rack and pinion its

Lightweight, compact construction, and responsive steering compared to recirculating ball design

If the front spring rests on the lower control arm or axle the lower ball joint is the

Load-carrying ball joint

A vehicle is hard to steer. Any of these could be the cause EXCEPT: A. Seized king pins B. Seized ball joints C. Loose wheel bearings D. Excessive positive caster

Loose wheel bearings would not cause hard steering; they can cause a vehicle to wander.

Wheel bearing should be inspected for

Looseness

A customer has a concern about low power assist during parallel park maneuvers. The technician verifies the concern and notes a growling noise coming from the pump. Which of the following is the most likely cause of the concern? A. Loose power steering belt B. Low power steering fluid C. Internally restricted power steering fluid cooler D. Externally restricted power steering fluid cooler

Low power steering fluid. A low fluid level could cause this condition.

Which of the following could cause poor returnability? A. Thrust angle B. Toe-out-on-turns C. Tire pressure D. Power steering pump pressure

Low tire pressure will cause poor returnability and is a common problem.

SF asks for a height measurement between the

Lowest point of the ball joint and the center of the lower control bolt.

Upper strut mount

Memory steer is result of a binding ball joint, a binding steering gear or a binding:

Worn constant velocity and universal joints may cause driveline

Misalignment and cause vibration

Which of the following is the normal tire rotational pattern for all-wheel drive vehicles? A. Full "X" B. Modified "X" C. Front to rear D. Cross the front, bring to the rear, and send the rears straight forward

Most manufacturers recommend crossing the tires in a full "X" when rotating the tires on an all-wheel drive vehicle.

The tire pressure monitor light on the dash is illuminated. Which of the following is the LEAST LIKELY cause? A. Excessive tire pressure in the right rear tire B. Low tire pressure in the left front tire C. Low tire pressure in the spare D. A faulty tire pressure sensor

Most tire pressure monitor systems do not illuminate the light for over-pressurization.

The upper ball joint or top strut bearing is toward the front of the vehicle relation to the lower ball joint as viewed from the side of the vehicle.

Negative Caster

Technician A says camber pulls to the least positive. Technician B says caster pulls to the most positive. Who is correct.

Neither Technician is correct

A strut bearing is noisy and must be replaced. Technician A says to replace the strut cartridge while replacing the strut bearing. Technician B says to replace the front coil spring while replacing the strut bearing. Who is correct?

Neither Technician is correct.

A vehicle with coil spring front suspension has a low ride height. Technician A says the springs can be adjusted to correct ride height. Technician B says the springs can be rotated to correct ride height. Who is correct?

Neither Technician is correct.

Technician A says an ohmmeter can be used to measure the resistance of the airbag inflator module. Technician B says a test light should be used to check for voltage at the airbag inflator module. Who is correct?

Neither Technician is correct.

The tires on the front of a vehicle are both worn on the inside edges. Technician A says the vehicle may have too much positive toe. Technician B says the vehicle may have too much positive caster. Who is correct?

Neither Technician is correct.

An upper strut mount needs to be replaced on a double wishbone front suspension. Technician A says the strut must also be replaced. Technician B says the coil spring must also be replaced. Who is correct?

Neither technician is correct.

Which of the following would be the most normal cross camber specification? A. No more than 0.5 degrees B. No less than 0.5 degrees C. No more than 1.5 degrees D. No less than 1.5 degrees

No more than 0.5 degrees. The most normal cross camber specification is no more 0.5 degrees.

Which of the following would be the most normal cross caster specification? A. No more than 0.5 degrees B. No less than 0.5 degrees C. No more than 1.5 degrees D. No less than 1.5 degrees

No more than 0.5 degrees. The most normal cross caster specification is no more than 0.5 degrees.

A vehicle has worn sway bar end link bushings. Which of the following would be the most likely customer complaint? A. Noise while driving in a straight ahead position on a smooth road B.Noise while driving on an uneven road C. Lower than normal ride height D. Tire wear on the outside of the tread`

Noise while driving on an uneven road. The sway bar moves while driving on an uneven road or during a turn. This is when the worn sway bar end link bushings would generate a noise.

The use of spring spacers to increase ride height is

Not recommended

The tire pressure monitor system (TPMS) light is illuminated on the dash. Which of the following could be the cause? A. The traction control system has a code B. One tire has low tire pressure C. The torsion bars sense an overload D. The tires are due to be rotated

One tire has low tire pressure. The TPMS light indicates low tire pressure has been measured or there is a problem in the tire pressure monitoring system.

A customer complains of a vibration only while braking. Technician A says the wheel lug nuts may have been overtorqued. Technician B says the front wheel may be bent. Who is correct?

Only Technician A is correct. Overtorqued wheel lug nuts can warp a rotor and cause a vibration while braking.

A steering wheel must be removed on a vehicle equipped supplemental restraint system (SRS). Technician A says the SRS must have the power removed and the appropriate wait period as prescribed in the service manual must be observed. Technician B says SRS airbag removal can begin as soon as the SRS fuse is removed. Who is correct?

Only Technician A is correct. The OEM recommended power-down procedures must be followed.

The center link needs to be replaced on a vehicle. Technician A says the outer tie rods will also needs to be replaced. Technician B says the toe will need to be adjusted. Who is correct?

Only Technician B is correct

A vehicle alignment is checked. The left rear camber is excessively positive. The right rear camber is excessively negative. Technician A says the front cradle may need to be shifted. Technician B says the rear cradle may need to be shifted. Who is correct?

Only Technician B is correct. A shifted rear cradle could cause this condition.

A vehicle has a 1.5 degress of cross caster. Technician A says this could cause tire wear. Technician B says this could cause a pull. Who is correct?

Only Technician B is correct. Cross caster specifications are usually 0.5 degrees maximum; a cross caster greater than that can cause a pull.

Technician A says ride height must be measured both before and after an alignment. Technician B says ride height should be measured before an alignment. Who is correct?

Only Technician B is correct. Ride height is measured during a pre-alignment inspection. If ride height is low, corrections must be made prior to alignment.

A vehicle equipped with electric power steering (EPS) has been aligned. Now the vehicle pulls to the left while traveling on a straight, level road. Technician A says this could be caused by an incorrect front toe setting. Technician B Says the EPS may need to be re-centered. Who is correct?

Only Technician B is correct. When a vehicle with EPS is aligned, the system may need to be re-centered using a scan tool. This process allows the ECM to "learn" the straight ahead position.

A vehicle pulls to the right. Technician A says the power steering pump could be the cause. Technician B says the power steering gear could be the cause. Who is correct?

Only Technician B. Leaking seals within the power steering gear can cause a pull.

Technician A says the SAI/KPI (steering axis inclination/key performance indicator) angle can be used to diagnose a bent strut. Technician B says the SAI/KPI angle can be used to diagnose a bent steering arm. Who is correct?

Only technician A is correct. SAI/KPI is very useful when trying to identify a bent strut.

Which of the following is the most likely cause of tires which are worn in the center of the tread? A. Underinflation B. Overinflation C. Positive caster D. Positive camber

Overinflation causes wear in the center.

It is recommended to replace springs in__________.

Pairs when the ride height is below specification

The ball joint passes inspection if the collar extends

Past the ball joint housing with the vehicles weight on wheels

The steering column shaft is splined to a small __________ which is meshed with the ________ gear.

Pinion gear Rack

Center linkage is connected to

Pitman Arm Idler Arm Tie rods

Ball joints serve as a major

Pivot point, up and down and side to side free play effects alignment angles, tire wear, stability and handling

When the top of the wheel and tire assembly is tilted out, or away from the engine

Positive Camber

The upper ball joint or top strut bearing is toward the rear of the vehicle in relation to the lower ball joint as viewed from the side of the vehicle.

Positive Caster

The power steering pressure is being measured. The fluid is warm, the engine is idling, the tester valve is open, and the steering wheel is in the straight ahead position. Which of the following would be considered an acceptable reading? A. 0 psi B. 100 psi C. 500 psi D. 1,000 psi

Pressure under these conditions should normally be more than 50 and less than 150 psi.

Vehicle speed sensor provides:

Pulse signal to the Power steering ECU to indicate vehicle speed

Leaf springs are commonly found on

RWD and some Four Wheel Drive and AWD

A vehicle has a worn tie rod end on the left rear. Which of the following would be affected? A. Rear toe B. Rear camber C. Front toe D. Front caster

Rear toe

The right rear tire has a diagonal swipe wear pattern. This is most likely caused by: A. Caster B. Positive Camber C. Negative Camber D. Toe

Rear toe will cause a diagonal swipe on a rear tire.

A rear tie rod end is being replaced. Which of the following alignment angles will most likely need to be adjusted? A. Front toe B. Rear toe C. Front camber D. Front caster

Rear toe. Changing the rear tie rod end will affect rear toe. Rear toe and thrust line will need to be checked and adjusted.

The rear tires have a diagonal wear pattern. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Rear toe B. Rear camber C. Front camber D. Front caster

Rear toe. Incorrect rear toe causes a diagonal swipe wear pattern on rear tires.

A vehicle is dog-trcking. Which alignment angle is most likely the cause? A. Rear toe B. Front toe C. Rear camber D. Front camber

Rear toe. Rear toe sets the thrust line, which will affect dog-tracking.

The parallelogram steering linkage is used with

Recirculating ball steering gears on the vehicles equipped with independent front suspension

If the hole in the steering knuckle is out of round, what is the best way to repair it?

Replace the steering knuckle

The hole in the steering knuckle into which the ball joint stud goes is out of round. Which of the following is the best method of repair. A. Measure the wear and check against manufacturer's specifications. B. Replace the steering knuckle C. Ream the hole. D. Shim the hole.

Replace the steering knuckle. The steering knuckle must be replaced.

A customer had requested that the rear struts be replaced on their vehicle. The vehicle has McPherson strut independent rear suspension. Which of the following is true? A. The strut bearings must also be replaced B. The rear springs must also be replaced C. The alignment must be corrected prior to replacement D. The rear alignment must be checked after installation

Replacing the struts will affect the rear alignment and the alignment must be checked after installation.

During a pre-alignment inspection, the technician finds rust streaks on one rear left spring. Which of the following should be performed? A. The spring should be primed, then painted. B. The spring should be replaced C. Both rear springs should be replaced D. The spring should be inspected for cracks.

Rust streaks indicate cracks. The spring needs to be inspected.

Included angle is the combination of: A. Camber and caster B. Front and rear toe C. SAI and camber D. SAI and caster

SAI and camber

Which of the following is true concerning torsion bar front suspension. A. Torsion bars must always be replaced in pairs. B. Torsion bars are non-adjustable. C. When torsion bars are reinstalled, they can be installed in either side. D. Torsion bars can be used on SLA suspensions.

SLA suspensions often use torsion bars instead of coil springs.

There is not enough adjustment left to correct rear camber and rear toe on a vehicle. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Sagging rear springs B. Worn shock absorbers on the front C. Worn shock absorbers on the rear D. Sagging front springs

Sagging rear springs will cause ride height to be low which could cause there to be insufficient adjustment room.

A vehicle is equipped with an air ride suspension. The vehicle will not lower when necessary. Which of the following could cause this problem? A. Compressor relay B. Compressor C. Sensor D. Fuse

Sensor. The sensor is responsible for sending a signal that the rear is too high.

What is the most likely cause of a power steering hose leaking on a vehicle?

Separated motor mounts

A power steering pump hose is leaking on a vehicle. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Separated motor mounts B. Loose drive belt C. Air in the fluid D. Broken pump mounts

Separated motor mounts. It is possible that separated motor mounts could cause the hoses to be stretched and leak.

Worn, broken or missing engine mounts may allow the engine to

Shift during acceleration and deceleration

How do you describe camber wear?

Smooth, tapered wear found completely around the tire circumference. The wear pattern is typically isolated to the shoulder area.

The center link is unlevel on a vehicle with a parallelogram steering. Which of following could be the cause? A. Incorrect idler arm height adjustment B. Incorrect worm bearing adjustment C. Incorrect sector shaft adjustment D. Incorrect caster adjustment

Some idler arms can be adjusted up and down to obtain the correct height. If this adjustment is incorrect, the center link would be unlevel.

When reinstalling the steering wheel position sensor: A. The vehicle alignment must be adjusted B. The sensor may need to be centered C. The power steering system will need to be bled D. The power steering pressure will need to be checked

Some models will require the sensor to be centered when installed

going over bumps

Some struts on a front wheel drive vehicle have a camber lobe adjustment . A worn strut tower will make excessive noise when:

The amount of force required to deflect a spring an inch

Spring rate

Replacing which of the following will change ride height. A. Shocks B. Struts C. Springs D. Sway bars

Springs affect ride height. Springs support the weight of the vehicle.

A vehicle sets low on one front corner. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Weak spring B. Weak shock C. Bent control arm D. Bent steering knuckle

Springs control ride height.

A customer is concerned that the rear suspension sags when there are passengers in the rear seats. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Weak shocks B. Worn sway bar C. Worn jounce bumpers D. Weak springs

Springs control ride height. Weak springs could allow the vehicle to sit noticeably low when a load is in the rear of the vehicle.

Pitman Arm connects to the

Steering box output shaft to the steering linking

Vehicles with high caster settings are most likely to use a ___________ ____________ to help control front-wheel shimmy

Steering damper

The idler arm is designed to support the

Steering linkage on the passenger side of the vehicle

Technician A says a slight oily film on the lower chamber of a shock absorber is acceptable. Technician B says a small drip of oil coming from this chamber is acceptable. Who is correct?

Technician A

Technician A says the caster angle affects the steering wheels ability to return to center after a turn. Technician B says a binding ball joint has no affect on steering wheel return to center. Who is correct?

Technician A

A front wheel drive vehicle has a pull and is being checked for alignment angles. Technician A says loose engine cradle bolts have no affect on a vehicle's steering system. Technician B says if the engine cradle is not centered before tightening the bolts the wheel alignment angles will be affected. Who is correct?

Technician B

After installing a power steering gear the vehicle's air bag light is illuminated. Technician A says the vehicle's alignment needs to be adjusted to repair this light. Technician B says if the steering wheel was not held firm and was allowed to spin freely, the clock spring may have been damaged. Who is correct?

Technician B

Two technicians are discussing excessive inside tire wear. Technician A says an out of specification caster angle will cause inside tire wear. Technician B says out of specification camber angle can cause excessive inside tire wear. Who is correct?

Technician B

Technician A says a pitman arm should be removed using heat. Technician B says a pitman arm should be removed using a puller. Who is correct?

Technician B is correct. A special puller is used to remove the pitman arm.

What is the most likely result if the left front wheel is set at one degree negative caster, and the right front is set at one degree positive caster?

The car will pull to the left, or the most negative caster setting.

The caster angle on the left front wheel has been set at 1 degree negative. The right front caster angle has been set at 1 degree positive. What would be the most likely result? A. The car would pull to the right B. The car would pull to the left C. The car would travel straight ahead D. The left tire would show second rib wear

The car would pull to the left. A car will usually pull to the most negative caster setting.

When should the power steering fluid be checked? A. Only when the fluid is hot B. Only when the fluid is cold C. When the fluid is hot or cold D. When the steering is straight ahead

The dipstick is marked with both hot and cold marks.

The torsion bars on a vehicle have been removed and are being reinstalled. Which of the following is correct concerning reinstallation? A. The torsion bars must be replaced B. The torsion bars should be reinstalled on the opposite side from removal to equalize wear. C. The torsion bars should be turned end-for-end to equalize wear D. The final adjustment should be in the upward direction

The final adjustment should be in the upward direction. This helps prevent settling of the vehicle after it is put back into service.

Which of the following best describes positive toe? A. The front of the tires are closer together than the back B. The rear of the tires are closer together than the front C. The left side of the vehicle has a shorter wheelbase than the right D. The right side of the vehicle has a longer wheelbase than the left

The front of the tires are closer together than the back this describes positive toe.

An icon of a steering wheel is illuminated on the dash. Which of the following is indicated? A. The power steering fluid low B. The power steering pressure is low C. There is a problem with the tire pressure monitoring system D. There is a problem in the EPS system

The icon indicates that the EPS system has identified a malfunction.

An idler arm is being replaced. Which of the following alignment angles will need to be checked after replacement? A. Caster B. Toe C. Camber D. Thrust line

The idler arm supports the center link, therefore changing an idler arm will change toe.

Any of these is true about ball joint replacement EXCEPT: A. The ball joint may be pressed in B. The ball joint may be bolted in C. The control arm may have to be replaced with the ball joint D. The inner tie rod may have to be replaced with the ball joint

The inner tie rod is not part of a ball joint replacement.

A rear-wheel drive solid rear axle vehicle has a sheared spring center bolt on the left side. Which of the following will need to be replaced? A. The entire left rear spring pack B. Both the left and right rear spring packs C. The left center bolt D. Both left and right center bolts

The left center bolt. The left spring pack center bolt should be replaced.

A vehicle has a negative setback. Which of the following is true? A. The vehicle may pull to the left B. The vehicle may pull to the right C. The left rear tire will have a diagonal swipe wear pattern D. The right rear tire will have an outside treat wear pattern

The left wheel is further back than the right in a negative setback condition. This means the left wheelbase is shorter than the right. A vehicle can pull to the side with the shortest wheelbase.

A vehicle with conventional (recirculating ball) steering has a diagnostic code for a faulty steering wheel position sensor. Where is the most likely location for the sensor? A. At the base of the steering column B. Behind the steering wheel C. On the steering gear box D. Inside the steering gear box

The most likely location is behind the steering wheel.

The idler arm should checked in

The normal ride position with the vehicle weight on the front wheels

A tie rod end has been installed and the nut properly torqued. The cotter pin hole is not aligned. Which of the following should the technician do? A. Replace the tie rod end B. Replace the steering knuckle C. Tighten the nut until the hole aligns D. Loosen the nut until the hole aligns

The nut should be tightened until the hole aligns.

Excessive positive camber wear is

The outer shoulder of the tread surface

Parking

The power steering pressure switch sends a signal to increase the idle while:

The power steering pressure switch is used to: A. Increase power steering pressure while driving in a straight line B. Prevent stalling while idling at a stop C. Prevent stalling during a parking maneuver D. Increase power steering pressure while turning

The power steering pressure switch signals the engine control module (ECM) when there is high power steering pressure so the ECM cab idle up the engine to prevent stalling.

A vehicle with four-wheel steering is being aligned. Which of the following is true? A. The steering wheel must be locked before the rear toe can be adjusted. B. The rear steering must be locked before the rear toe is adjusted. C. The front camber must be set before the rear toe. D. The front toe must be set before rear toe.

The rear steering must be locked in the center prior to setting the rear toe.

Which of the following best describes positive caster? A. The forward tilt of the steering axis B. The tilt of the tire inward C. The rearward tilt of the steering axis D. The tilt of the tire outward

The rearward tilt of the steering axis describes positive caster.

The left front leaf spring is being replaced on a solid front axle vehicle. Which of the following should also be changed? A. The left front shock B. Both front shocks C. The right front leaf spring D. The left rear spring

The right front leaf spring. The front leaf springs must be replaced in pairs.

A right rear lower ball joint is being replaced on an independent rear suspension. Where should the jack stand be placed during this procedure? A. Under the frame on the right side B. Under the right rear lower control arm C. Under the frame on the left side D. Under the left rear control arm

The right side of the frame must be supported. The suspension needs to be unloaded.

Tapered roller wheel bearings are being serviced. Which of the following is true? A. The cup is always replaced B. The hub must be held still while the bearing is adjusted C. The seal is always replaced D. The bearing should be adjusted with the tire on the ground.

The seal is always replaced.

If a vehicle with an air ride suspension won't lower when necessary, what is the most likely cause?

The sensor isn't sending the signal that the rear is too hight

Which of the following is true about tire pressure sensors? A. The batteries are designed to last a minimum of 15 years B. The batteries are separate replaceable units C. The sensor should be replaced every time the tires are replaced D. The sensors can be part of the valve stem assembly

The sensors can be part of the valve stem assembly.

When checking the tire pressure on a vehicle, where would a technician find the proper air pressure specification? A. In the owner's manual B. On an under-hood sticker C. On an in-trunk sticker D. On the driver's door jamb

The specification is usually found on the sticker on the driver's door.

There are rust streaks on the rear leaf spring where it contacts the rear axle. Which of the following is true? A. The spring must be replaced. B. The spring center bolt may be sheared C. The rear camber needs to be adjusted D. The rear axle must be replaced

The spring center bolt may be sheared: this would allow the axle to move on the spring.

A composite leaf spring is being installed in a vehicle. Which of the following is correct? A. The spring can be installed using a pry bar. B. The spring can be compressed with vise grips. C. The spring should be painted after installation. D. The spring should not be scratched during installation.

The spring should not be scratched during installation. The spring needs to be handled with care. If the spring is dented or scratched, it will be weakened and break.

A composite leaf spring is being replaced on a vehicle. Which of the following is a statement about this procedure? A. The spring should be lubricated prior to installation B. The spring must first be compressed in a shop press C. Care should be taken not to scratch the spring D. The spring can be installed with either side up

The spring should not be scratched or damaged in any way. This will weaken the spring and cause premature failure.

Which of the following best describes positive camber. A. The forward tilt of the steering axis B. The tilt of the tire inward C. The rearward tilt of the steering axis D. The tilt of the tire outward

The tilt of the tire outward describes positive camber.

A tire has the following marked on the sidewall: P235/75R16. Which of the following is true? A. The tire has a section width of 75 mm B. The tire has an aspect ratio of 235 C. The tire has been re-grooved D. The tire fits a 16 inch diameter rim

The tire fits a 16 inch diameter rim.

The tire pressure specification printed on the sidewall of the tire is the: A. Recommended cold inflation pressure. B. Recommended hot inflation pressure,. C. Maximum inflation pressure D. Minimum inflation pressure

The tire pressure specification on the side of the tire is the maximum inflation pressure allowed by the tire manufacturer.

If a customer complains that their car makes more noise on asphalt than on concrete, what is on of the likely causes of this?

The tires have an aggressive tread pattern

Slip between both wheels

The total toe in or out is

Worn CV joints may bind causing

The vehicle to pull due to uneven torque on the front wheels

A technician is preparing to measure radial runout on a wheel tire assembly. Where should the dial indicator be placed? A. On the rim bead seat parallel to the axle B. On the rim bead seat perpendicular to the axle C. On the tire parallel to the axle D. On the tire perpendicular to the axle

This placement would measure tire and wheel radial runout.

A power steering pressure test is being performed. With the valve on the tester closed, the maximum pressure shown on the gauge is 875 psi. Which of the following is indicated? A. The pressure is too high B. The pressure is too low C. The pressure is acceptable, however, the steering gear has a restriction D. The pressure is acceptable, however, the steering gear has a leaking internal seal.

This pressure is too low. A normal reading would be approximately 1,500 psi.

A suspension bushing was tightened while the vehicle was supported by a frame hoist. This will cause: A. Camber wear on the tires B. Toe wear on the tires C. Short bushing life D. The vehicle to pull while driving straight

This will cause the bushing to be stretched to the extreme when the vehicle is lowered and will result in short bushing life.

Which of the following could be changed if a vehicle had a bent rear axle? A. Front camber B. Front toe C. Front camber D. Thrust angle

Thrust angle could be changed because a bent rear axle could change rear toe.

Camber is found to be out of adjustment on the left front of a vehicle. There is not enough adjustment remaining to correct the alignment. Any of these could be the cause EXCEPT: A. A bent control arm B. Incorrect ride height C. Incorrect thrust angle D. A bent spindle

Thrust angle does not change camber.

Thrust angle is calculated using: A. Thrust line and geometric center line B. Camber and SAI C. Thrust line and SAI D. Geometric center line and camber

Thrust line and geometric center line. Thrust angle is the angle formed by the thrust line and the geometric center line.

A shifted front cradle could affect any of these EXCEPT: A. Front camber. B. Front caster. C. Thrust line. D. Thrust angle.

Thrust line. The thrust line is the direction the rear wheels are pointing; this would not be affected by a shifted front cradle.

Which of the following is the proper way to adjust the rack yoke bearing? A. Tighten to 75 ft lbs. B. Tighten to 5 inch lbs. C. Tighten and then back off the original equipment manufacturer's (OEM) specifications. D. Tighten to 0.002" end-play.

Tighten and then back off the originial equipment manufacturer's (OEM) specifications. Many OEMs will recommend that the technician tighten to a specification then back off a certain number of degrees.

When should tire pressure be checked? A. On a hot tire B. After the tire has been driven a minimum of three miles C. After the tire has been driven a minimum of three minutes D. On a cold tire

Tire pressure should be checked on a cold tire.

How do you diagnose steering column noises and steering efforts that determine needed repairs.

To diagnose steering complaints, always begin with a complete inspection of worn steering column bearings. Loose mounts can cause noise and looseness in the steering column, and a broken support plate or other worn internal column parts can cause looseness or binding in the steering column.

What alignment angle does a worn idler arm effect?

Toe

Which alignment angle is usually considered the greatest tire wearing angle? A. Caster B. Camber C. Toe D. SAI/KPI

Toe is the greatest tire wearing angle.

If the back of the rear tires are closer together than the front, what is the cause?

Toe-out

When the rear of the rear tires are closer together than at the front, the tires have:

Toe-out. Toe-out has the front of the tires farther apart than the rear.

A worn idler arm would affect which alignment angle? A. Camber B. Caster C. Toe D. SAI

Toe. Toe is directly affected by the idler arm. A worn idler arm would allow toe to change while traveling down the road.

Which of the following is the correct way to adjust tapered roller bearings? A. Torque and the back off OEM specification B. Torque to OEM specification C. Adjust to a minimum of .150 " (3.80mm) end-play. D. Torque to 50 ft lbs.

Torque and then back off OEM specification. It is typical to torque the bearing while rotating the wheel and then back off the nut a certain amount.

How do you correctly adjust tapered roller bearings?

Torque the bearing while rotating the wheel, and then back off by the OEM indicated amount

True or False: Camber and SAI make up the included angle?

True

True or False: Shims are sometimes used to adjust rear toe and camber

True

True or False: Strut rods are sometimes used to adjust rear toe and camber

True

True or False: The purpose of the turning angle is to reduce tire scuffing during cornering

True

True or False: Torsion bars can be used on SLA suspensions

True

Torsion bars are spring steel rods, which

Twist to increase and decrease ride height

A lower ball joint is being inspected on a front suspension. The front coil spring is located between the frame and the lower control arm. Where must the jack stand be placed? A. Under the lower control arm B. Under the upper control arm C. Under the frame D. Under the rear cradle

Under the lower control arm. The jack stand must be placed under the lower control arm to unload the ball joint for inspection.

Which of the following is the most likely cause of a tire which is worn on both outside shoulders? A. Underflation B. Overinflation C. Positive caster D. Positive camber

Underinflation causes wear on both of the outside shoulders.

If the front spring rests on the strut, shock casing, or upper control arm, the lower ball joint is considered

Unloaded

The front leaf springs have been replaced on a vehicle. Which of the following operations must also be performed. A. Vehicle alignment B. Tire rotation C. Tire balance D. Rear spring replacement

Vehicle alignment. After the springs are replaced, the vehicle alignment will be changed. Therefore, the vehicle must be aligned.

A vehicle has excessive body sway while cornering. What is most-likely to cause this condition.

Warn stabilizer bar bushings.

To much positive camber causes:

Wear on the outside of the tire Extra wear on the suspension parts with positive camber The vehicle will pull to the side with the most positive camber.

Inspect the ball joint with the

Weight of the vehicle on the tires

A tire has a leak in the sidewall. Which of the following is the correct repair procedure? A. Locate the source of the leak and plug it from the outside B. Locate the source of the leak and plug it from the inside. C. Locate the source of the leak, plug it from the outside, and patch it from the inside. D. Replace the tire

When a tire is losing air through the sidewall, the recommended procedure is to replace the tire.

The drive axle nut on a front-wheel drive vehicle is being tightened. Which of the following is true? A. The vehicle should be on a frame hoist B. The nut should be tightened, then backed off 1 flat. C. The nut should tightened with an impact wrench. D. The vehicle should be at normal ride height.

When possible, all components of the steering and suspension system should be tightened with the vehicle at ride height.

A customer is concerned that it takes increasing effort to steer the car. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Worn steering column bushing B. Seized steering column U-joint C. Worn tie rod end D. Loose idler arm

When the bearings in a U-joint fail, they will often "freeze." This will result in a binding steering system, as the needle bearings will not travel around the trunnion normally. This problem is often misdiagnosed as a weak power steering pump.

When does a positive camber angle exist? A. When the top of the tire leans outward B. When the top of the tire leans inward C. When the upper ball joint is rearward of the lower ball joint as viewed from the side D. When the rear axle is crooked

When the top of the tire leans outward. The top of the tire leans out with positive camber.

Centering of the steering wheel

While discussing the thrust angle of vehicle. A broken leaf spring will affect a vehicles thrust angle. This condition will affect the:

How do you perform a dry Park check? The maximum allowable free play is:

With the engine off and wheels steered straight ahead, rock the steering wheel left and right until resistance is felt in either direction. 30mm total

Which steering gear box adjustment should be performed first? A. Sector shaft preload B. Worm bearing preload C. Sector shaft over center D. Worm bearing end-play

Worm bearing preload is the first adjustment.

Which of the following would be the LEAST LIKELY cause of worn jounce bumpers? A. Worn shocks B. Worn springs C. Worn ball joints D. A low ride height setting

Worn ball joins will not cause worn jounce bumpers.

Which of the following would be the most likely cause of a steering pull? A. Worn control arm bushings B. Broken sway bar end links C. Worn shock absorber bushings D. Incorrect front toe settings

Worn control arm bushings will allow changes to the camber and caster which can cause the vehicle to pull.

The jounce bumpers on the rear of a vehicle are severely worn. Which of the following is the LEAST LIKELY cause? A. Worn rear springs B. Excessive care in the trunk C. Worn front springs D. Worn rear shocks

Worn front springs are the least likely cause of worn rear jounce bumpers.

There is a whining noise heard only when turning. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Leaking internal seals in the steering gear B. Worn ball joint C. Worn power steering gear D. Worn power steering pump

Worn power steering pump. A worn power steering pump can cause noise while turning.

A front-wheel drive vehicle makes a loud clunk on initial acceleration. Any of these could be the cause EXCEPT: A. Worn inner CV joint B. Worn rack mount bushings C. Worn control arm bushings D. Loose cradle mounting bolts

Worn rack mount bushings can make noise when the steering wheel is turned, but acceleration would not cause them to make noise.

There is excessive play in the steering system. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Worn strut mounts B. Worn sway bar bushings C. Worn shock mounts D. Worn rack mounts

Worn rack mounts will allow the rack to shift which will cause a looseness in the steering.

During a dry park inspection, the technician finds power steering fluid leaking from the rack and pinion bellows. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. An incorrectly installed bellows B. A missing bellows clamp C. Excessive power steering pump pressure D. Worn rack seals

Worn rack seals would allow oil to leak past the seals and enter the bellows. When this condition occurs, the normal repair procedure is to replace the rack.

The left front tire has cupping on both the inner and outer treads. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Toe-in B. Toe-out C. Worn shocks D. Worn control arm bushings

Worn shocks. Cupping on both inner and outer treads is usually an indication of worn shocks.

A setback condition is found during an alignment. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Worn spring shackle B. Worn spring eye bushing C. Worn tie rod end D. Worn pitman arm

Worn spring eye bushing. A worn spring eye bushing could allow the rear axle to shift and setback to occur.

A vehicle becomes unpredictable when cornering. Which of the following is the most likely cause? A. Worn track bushings B. Worn shock bushings C. Weak front springs D. Weak rear springs

Worn track bar bushings will allow the axle to shift during cornering which will change axle offset and make the vehicle unstable.

A customer is hearing a roaring noise while driving, and it gets louder as speed increases. What is one of the most likely causes?

Worn wheel bearing

There is a loud roaring noise while driving. The noise gets louder when vehicle speed increases. Which of the following could be the cause? A. Worn power steering pump B. Worn wheel bearing C. Worn ball joint D. Worn power steering gear

Worn wheel bearing. This is a typical wheel bearing diagnosis.

A vehicle has worn front and rear jounce bumpers. All of these could be the cause EXCEPT: A. Worn shocks B. Weak springs C. Worn wheel bearings D. Incorrect ride height

Worn wheel bearings can result in noise, but would not cause suspension travel to be abnormal.

Check for signs of the axle shifting. This may occur due to

a broken centering pin or loose u-bolts

Loose wheel bearing may allow

alignment angles to change resulting in abnormal tire wear, poor vehicle stability and handling problems

Ball joints are designed in a

ball and socket configuration

inside tread

if camber is negative the tire will wear on the:

Strut rod and radius arm bushings are designed to:

limit the fore and aft movement to the lower control arm or axle

Vehicle toe in/out

loose power steering rack bushings will cause a vehicle to wander. Worn rack bushings can also cause changes in: