Assessment of Thorax and Lungs - Exam 1
What are the three lateral reference lines of the thoracic cavity?
1. Anterior axillary line 2. Midaxillary line 3. Posterior axillary line
What are the three anterior reference lines of the thoracic cavity?
1. Anterior axillary line 2. Midclavicular line 3. Midsternal Line
What are 3 examples of diseases associated with wheezing?
1. Asthma 2. Bronchitis 3. Emphysema
What are the four functions of respiratory system?
1. Changing chest size during Respiration 2. Inspiratioin 3. Expiration 4. Control of Respiration.
What are seven examples of subjective data for thorax and lungs?
1. Cough 2. Shortness of breath 3. Chest pain with breathing 4. History of respiratory infections 5. Smoking history 6. Environmental exposure (respiratory irritants) 7. Self-care behaviors.
What are some examples of abnormal findings during inspection of thorax and lungs?
1. Nasal Flaring 2. retractions 3. pursed lip breathing 4. loud breathing 5. tripod posistion 6. rate is lower or higher than normal limits for age 7. anxious.
What are 2 examples of diseases associated with Rhonchi?
1. Pneumonia 2. COPD
Waht are the two posterior reference lines of the thoracic cavity?
1. Scapular Line 2. Vertebral Line
What are the 4 anterior thoracic landmarks?
1. Suprasternal Notch 2. Sternum 3. Manubriosternal Angle 4. Costal Angle
What are 2 examples of diseases associated with Pleural Rub?
1. Tuberculosis 2. Pneumonia
What are the 4 posterior thoracic landmarks?
1. Vertebra Prominens 2. Spinous processes 3. Inferior border of scapula 4. Twelfth rib
What are 5 examples of abnormal findings of the configuration of the Thorax?
1. barrel chest 2. pectus excavatum 3. pectus carinatum 4. scoliosis 5. kyphosis
What are 3 examples of discontinuous sounds of the lungs?
1. fine crackles 2. course crackles 3. atelectatic crackles
What are some examples of normal findings during inspection of thorax and lungs?
1. non labored breathing 2. Rate WNL for age 3. Skin color consisten with ethnicity 4. calm
How many lobes does the left lung have?
2 (superior and inferior)
How may lobes of the right lung are located in posterior view?
2 lobes.
How many lobes does the right lung have?
3 lobes (superior, middle, inferior)
How many lobes of the right lung are located in anterior view?
3 lobes.
How many lobes of the right lung are located in lateral view?
3 lobes.
During the 6-minute distance walk, what % oxygen level will require patient to use oxygen at home?
<88%
cyanosis
A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.
Which type of crackles disappear after a couple of breaths?
Atelectatic crackles
What disease is affiliated with barrel chest?
COPD
marphans syndrome
Congenital disease that results in excessive cartilage formation at the growth, or epiphyseal, plates
Orthopenia
Difficulty breathing when laying flat
Why is it important to listen to both anterior and posterior lung sounds?
If you dont you can miss a significant amount of lung field.
Why do atelectatic crackles clear after a couple of breaths in and out?
It expands the lungs and clears fluids.
What is a possible indication from Yellow or Green sputum
Sinuses
How would COPD affect tactile fremitus?
There would be less vibration due to barrel chest.
Tactile fremitus
a tremulous vibration of the chest wall during speaking that is palpable on physical examination (99)
whispered pectoriloquy
a whispered phrase heard through the stethoscope that sounds faint and inaudible over normal lung tissue
Egophony
abnormal change in tone of voice that is heard when auscultating the lungs
What causes Kussmal's Respiration
acidosis
What are abnormal findings during ausculation of lungs called?
adventitous lung sounds
What is a possible indication from white or clear sputum
allergies or infection
Scoliosis
an abnormal lateral curvature of the spine
pleurisy
an inflammation of the pleura that produces sharp chest pain with each breath
Cheyne-Stokes respiration
an irregular pattern of breathing characterized by alternating rapid breathing followed by no breathing.
What type of adventitious lung sounds can be caused from not moving around after surgery?
atelectatic crackles
What is the phrase for normal findings in lung sounds
clear to auscultation
pneumothorax
collapsed lung
Kussmal's Respiration
deep, signing respirations with normal or slow rate
What are some causes of Cheyne-stokes respiration
drug overdose, brain injury, car accidents. Associated with end of life.
What is a possible indication of rust colored sputum
from blood
Agonal respiration
gasping type respirations that have no pattern and occur very infrequently
kyphosis
hunchback
Where can stridor be heard the most?
in the neck.
What is a possible indication of pink and frothy sputum?
mixture of fluid and blood cells.
Eupnea
normal breathing
What causes stridor?
obstruction caused by a foreign body, tumor, swelling, or bronchial spasms
pectus carinatum
pigeon chest
What causes agonal respiration
pre-cardiac arrest, brain injury, post-seizure or end of life.
Tachypnea
rapid breathing >20 or 22
bronchophony
sound of the voice heard through the stethoscope over healthy lungs
Pectus excavatum
sunken sternum
What would happen to the percussion in areas of lungs filled with fluid?
there would be decreased percussion.
How would pneumonia affect tactile fremitus?
there would be more vibration