ATI Nutrition Practice Test B 2019

A nurse is providing information regarding breastfeeding to the parents of a newborn. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"Breast milk is nutritionally complete for an infant up to 6 months of age." MY ANSWER Breast milk is nutritionally complete to support growth and development of newborns and infants.

A nurse is caring for a client who has cirrhosis and ascites. Which of the following dietary instructions should the nurse provide for this client?

"Decrease your sodium intake to 1 to 2 grams per day." To decrease fluid retention, a client who has cirrhosis should limit their daily sodium intake to 2,000 mg.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching to a client who has celiac disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I can have tapioca pudding for dessert." MY ANSWER A client who has celiac disease can consume tapioca because this starch does not contain gluten.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a prescription for ferrous sulfate about food interactions. Which of the following statements indicates that the client understands the teaching?

"I can take this medication with juice." MY ANSWER The nurse should instruct the client to take this medication between meals with juice. The client can take this medication with meals if gastric upset occurs.

A nurse is teaching a client who has a BMI of 22 about dietary recommendations during pregnancy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I should plan to gain a total of 25 to 35 pounds." MY ANSWER The nurse should teach a client whose weight is within the expected reference range to gain 11.3 to 15.9 kg (25 to 35 lb) during pregnancy.

A nurse in an antepartum clinic is teaching a client about nutritional recommendations during pregnancy. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I should take a daily iron supplement during my pregnancy." MY ANSWER Clients who are pregnant should take 30 mg of iron supplementation daily to reduce the risk for iron-deficiency anemia.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who reports nausea during pregnancy. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I will eat dry cereal before I get out of bed." MY ANSWER Carbohydrates, such as dry cereal, are absorbed quickly and readily raise blood sugar levels, which should reduce nausea.

A nurse is providing teaching about cancer prevention to a group of clients. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I will eat five servings of fruits and vegetables each day." MY ANSWER The nurse should instruct the clients to consume four to five servings, or about 2.5 cups, of fruits and vegetables daily. Eating various fruits and vegetables assists in decreasing blood pressure and weight.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is currently experiencing an exacerbation of Crohn's disease. Which of the following statements by the client indicates an understanding of dietary practices during acute episodes?

"I will follow a high-protein diet." MY ANSWER Clients who have Crohn's disease should follow a high-calorie, high-protein diet to prevent malnutrition and attain the required calories to promote healing.

A nurse is providing nutritional teaching to a client who reports wanting to lose weight. The nurse should identify that which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I will make a list before I go grocery shopping."MY ANSWERDeveloping a shopping list allows the client to adhere to meal planning, prevent impulse buying, and purchase only the quantity of food needed.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching about reducing the risk of infection to a client who has cancer and is receiving chemotherapy. Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching?

"I will use leftovers within 24 hours." MY ANSWER The client should use leftovers within 24 hr to reduce the risk of infection from a foodborne pathogen.

A nurse is caring for a client who has age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and asks the nurse if there are any nutritional changes to consider. Which of the following responses should the nurse make?

"Increase dietary intake of lutein." MY ANSWER Lutein, a carotenoid found in vitamin A, slows the progression of AMD and is found in kale, spinach, collards, and mustard greens.

A nurse is planning discharge teaching for a client who is postoperative following placement of a colostomy. Which of the following statements should the nurse plan to include?

"Increase your intake of foods containing pectin."

A nurse is teaching an older adult client about nutritional recommendations. Which of the following statements should the nurse make?

"You should increase your daily protein intake." MY ANSWER The nurse should instruct the client to increase the daily intake of protein to increase strength and to enhance immune function and wound healing. The nurse should recommend a protein intake of 1 to 1.2 g/kg/day of protein for a healthy older adult client. If the older adult client has acute or chronic medical diagnoses, the nurse should recommend 1.2 to 1.5 g/kg/day of protein.

A nurse is providing nutritional teaching to the guardians of a 2-year-old toddler. Which of the following snack foods should the nurse recommend including in the toddler's diet?

1 cup of yogurt MY ANSWER The nurse should recommend yogurt as a snack food for a 2-year-old toddler. The consistency of yogurt poses no choking hazard, and because of their increased activity level, toddlers require 13 to 16 g of protein each day to meet the demands for muscle growth. At 8 g/cup, yogurt is a high-quality source of protein. The nurse can also teach the guardians to make yogurt smoothies by combining yogurt and the child's favorite fruit in a blender.

A nurse is conducting dietary teaching for a group for clients who are trying to become pregnant. Which of the following food items should the nurse include as containing the highest amount of folate?

3.5 oz chicken liverMY ANSWERThe nurse should recommend this food because 3.5 oz of chicken liver contains the highest amount of folate, 770 mcg.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching about increased zinc intake for a client who has chronic skin ulcers of the lower extremities. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as containing the highest amount of zinc?

4 oz ground beef patty The nurse should determine that a ground beef patty is the best food source to recommend because a 4 oz ground beef patty contains 5.49 mg of zinc.

A nurse is calculating the daily protein allowance of a client who weighs 176 lb. The client's daily protein allowance is 0.8 g/kg. How many grams of protein should the client consume per day? (Round your answer to the nearest whole number. Use a leading zero if it applies. Do not use a trailing zero.)

64

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who has a pressure injury. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse that the client is at risk for impaired wound healing?

Albumin 3.0 g/dL

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory data of four clients. The nurse should identify that which of the following clients is experiencing fluid overload?

A client who has a sodium level of 130 mEq/L

A nurse is assessing a client who experienced a 5% weight loss in the past 30 days. Which of the following findings should the nurse identify as an indication of malnutrition?

Ankle edemaThe nurse should identify that lower extremity edema is a manifestation of malnutrition and is indicative of a protein deficiency in the client. HyperreflexiaMY ANSWERParesthesia and weak hand grasps are manifestations of malnutrition.

A nurse is creating a plan of care for a client who has anorexia nervosa. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

Assign privileges based on direct weight gain. The nurse should explain to the client that restrictions and privileges will be dependent on treatment compliance and direct weight gain. This approach involves the client in development of the plan of care and gives them control in achieving desired privileges.

A client reports constipation during a routine checkup. The client was previously encouraged to increase their intake of mineral supplements. Which of the following minerals should the nurse identify as the possible cause of the constipation?

Calcium MY ANSWER Calcium can lead to constipation by decreasing peristalsis.

A nurse is educating a group of clients about vitamin and mineral intake during pregnancy. Which of the following supplements should the nurse instruct the clients to avoid taking with iron?

Calcium MY ANSWER The nurse should instruct the client to take calcium and iron supplements at different times, or between meals, because calcium can interfere with iron absorption if taken together with meals.

A nurse is caring for a client who is prescribed captopril. The nurse should recognize that which of the following foods could cause a potential medication interaction?

Cantaloupe MY ANSWER ACE inhibitors, such as captopril, retain potassium and can lead to hyperkalemia. The nurse should recognize that cantaloupe is a food source high in potassium as one cup contains 473 mg. The client should avoid cantaloupe as well as other foods that are high in potassium while taking an ACE inhibitor

A nurse is caring for a client who has diabetes mellitus and reports feeling dizzy, weak, and shaky. Which of the following is the priority action by the nurse?

Check the client's blood glucose level. MY ANSWER The first action the nurse should take using the nursing process is to assess the client. Therefore, checking the client's blood glucose level is the priority action.

A nurse is providing dietary teaching for a client who has COPD. Which of the following instructions should the nurse include in the teaching?

Consume foods that are soft in texture and easy to chew. MY ANSWER Eating a soft diet and avoiding foods that are difficult to chew will decrease shortness of breath while eating.

A nurse is providing teaching to a client who is lactating about increasing protein intake. Which of the following foods should the nurse recommend as the best source of protein?

Cottage cheese The nurse should recommend cottage cheese as the best source of protein because it is a complete protein. Complete proteins contain all nine essential amino acids and provide the best support for human growth and nourishment.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous tube feedings via a gastrostomy tube. The client has had three loose stools in the last 4 hr. Which of the following prescriptions should the nurse anticipate?

Decrease the rate of the feeding. MY ANSWER The nurse should identify the client is experiencing diarrhea, which might be due to the formula being delivered continuously and the client's body being unable to digest it. The nurse should anticipate a prescription to decrease the rate of the feeding.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). The current bag of TPN is empty and a new bag is not available on the unit. Which of the following solutions should the nurse infuse until a new bag of TPN is available?

Dextrose 10% in water MY ANSWER The nurse should administer dextrose 10% in water at the same rate as the TPN to prevent hypoglycemia.

A nurse is assessing a client who has end-stage kidney disease (ESKD). Which of the following dietary habits increases the client's risk for dysrhythmias?

Eating a diet rich in potassium MY ANSWER A client who has ESKD has impaired kidney function and is unable to eliminate potassium. As urine output declines, hyperkalemia develops, which can cause cardiac dysrhythmias.

A nurse is preparing to administer an influenza vaccine to an adult client who reports food allergies. Which of the following food allergies could place the client at risk for a reaction?

EggsMY ANSWERA hypersensitivity to eggs can place a client at risk for allergic reactions when receiving the influenza vaccine. The vaccine should only be administered by a healthcare provider who can recognize and respond to severe allergic reactions.

A nurse is updating a plan of care for a client who is receiving intermittent enteral feedings and is experiencing diarrhea. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

Feed the client in small, frequent volumes. MY ANSWER The nurse should administer the feedings in small, frequent volumes because a large volume or rapid feeding of the formula can cause diarrhea.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving continuous enteral feedings via an NG tube. The nurse notices that the tube feeding has stopped infusing. Which of the following actions is the nurse's priority?

Flush the tube with warm water. According to evidence-based practice, the first action the nurse should take when a tube feeding stops infusing is to flush the tube with 30 to 50 mL of warm water to re-establish flow. Other interventions might be required if flushing does not remove the clog.

A nurse is reviewing the laboratory results of a client who is receiving continuous total parenteral nutrition. Which of the following results should the nurse report to the provider?

Glucose 238 mg/dL MY ANSWER This laboratory finding is above the expected reference range for casual glucose and requires reporting to the provider.

A nurse is providing teaching for a client who has a new prescription for nifedipine. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to avoid?

Grapefruit juice The nurse should instruct the client to avoid grapefruit and grapefruit juice while taking nifedipine. Concurrent use can result in elevated levels of nifedipine and an increased risk for adverse effects.

A nurse is providing information about cardiovascular risk to a client who has received a lipid panel report. The nurse should include that which of the following findings is within an expected reference range?

HDL 79 mg/dL MY ANSWER An HDL level greater than 45 mg/dL for a male and greater than 55 mg/dL for a female is within the expected reference range. An HDL of 79 mg/dL indicates the client is at low risk for cardiovascular disease.

A nurse in a clinic is reviewing the laboratory findings of a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus. Which of the following findings indicates the client's plan of care is effective?

HbA1c 6.5% The nurse should identify that a HbA1c level of less than 7% indicates the plan of care is effective for a client who has type 2 diabetes mellitus.

A nurse is initiating an enteral feeding for a client who has chronic bronchitis. Which of the following types of formula should the nurse anticipate administering to the client?

High calorie A client who has pulmonary disease requires a formula that is high in calories and protein to maintain energy demands.

A nurse is developing a teaching plan for a client who has dysphagia and is being discharged home with a prescription for a mechanical soft diet. Which of the following foods should the nurse include in the plan?

Mashed potatoes MY ANSWER A mechanical soft diet is a diet of foods with altered texture. It includes cooked fruits and vegetables, foods that are softened with liquids, and foods that are thickened for consistency.

A nurse is caring for a client who has advanced Parkinson's disease and dysphagia. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Offer the client a high-calorie diet. The nurse should add high-calorie food to the client's diet because muscular rigidity increases metabolic rate, which increases caloric need.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has Parkinson's disease and a prescription for levodopa-carbidopa. Which of the following foods should the nurse instruct the client to consume with the medication?

One slice wheat toast MY ANSWER Absorption of levodopa-carbidopa decreases when consumed with protein. One slice of wheat toast is the lowest source of protein at 3 g per slice.

A nurse is admitting a client who has had a fever and diarrhea for the past 3 days. Which of the following findings should indicate to the nurse the client is dehydrated?

Orthostatic hypotension MY ANSWER The nurse should identify a client who is dehydrated can experience orthostatic hypotension due to the fluid loss from the client's body, which causes low blood volume, resulting in low blood pressure.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving intermittent enteral feedings every 4 hr via an NG tube. Which of the following actions should the nurse take to reduce the risk for aspiration?

Place the client in a semi-Fowler's position. MY ANSWER The nurse should maintain the client in a semi-Fowler's position to reduce the risk for aspiration of stomach contents during the feeding and for at least 30 min after the completion of the feeding.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN). Which of the following laboratory findings indicates that the TPN therapy is effective?

Prealbumin 30 mg/dL Prealbumin level is a sensitive indicator of nutritional status. The nurse should identify that a level of 30 mg/dL is within the expected reference range of 15 to 36 mg/dL and indicates the TPN is effective.

A nurse is performing a comprehensive nutritional assessment for a client. After reviewing the client's laboratory results, which of the following findings should the nurse report to the provider?

Prealbumin 8 mg/dL MY ANSWER A prealbumin level of 8 mg/dL is a critical value that indicates severe malnutrition and requires reporting to the provider who can prescribe a nutritional intervention. The expected reference range for prealbumin is 15 to 36 mg/dL.

A nurse is providing discharge teaching to a client who has a new ileostomy. Which of the following dietary guidelines should the nurse include in the teaching?

Prepare meals on a schedule. MY ANSWER The nurse should teach a client who has an ileostomy to prepare meals on a schedule to promote regular bowel elimination patterns.

A nurse is caring for a group of clients. A client who has which of the following conditions has an increased protein requirement?

Pressure injury MY ANSWER A client who has a pressure injury needs additional protein to promote healing.

A nurse is planning dietary interventions for a client who is prescribed external radiation for laryngeal cancer. The client reports manifestations of stomatitis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include?

Provide meals at room temperature. MY ANSWER The nurse should plan to offer the client's foods at room temperature or colder. Foods at these temperatures are less irritating to the mucosa.

A nurse is caring for a client who is receiving radiation therapy. The client reports a metallic taste in his mouth while eating. Which of the following actions should the nurse take? (Select all that apply.)

Provide three large meals daily is incorrect. The nurse should provide small, frequent meals for a client who is experiencing an altered taste.Offer citrus fruits is correct. Citrus fruits stimulate the production of more saliva, which helps diminish the metallic taste.Suggest pickles as a snack is correct. Pickles stimulate the production of more saliva, which helps diminish the metallic taste.Rinse silverware prior to eating is incorrect. Plastic utensils should be used to avoid increasing the metallic taste in foods.Gargle with mouthwash is correct. Gargling with mouthwash stimulates the production of more saliva, which helps diminish the metallic taste.

A nurse is planning care for a client who is receiving radiation to the neck and has developed stomatitis. Which of the following interventions should the nurse include in the plan?

Relieve mouth pain by consuming frozen foods. MY ANSWER The nurse should encourage the client to consume frozen foods such as frozen bananas, ice cream, or popsicles, which can numb the mouth and help alleviate pain.

A nurse in an emergency department is reviewing the laboratory report for a client who is confused and reports nausea and abdominal cramping. The nurse should expect the client's laboratory results to indicate a dietary deficiency of which of the following minerals?

Sodium MY ANSWER The nurse should expect the client's laboratory report to indicate a sodium deficit. The manifestations of sodium deficit include confusion, headache, nausea, dizziness, and abdominal cramps. The manifestations of sodium toxicity include confusion, thirst, and weakness.

A nurse is teaching a client about managing irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). Which of the following information should the nurse include in the teaching?

Take peppermint oil during exacerbation of manifestations. MY ANSWER The nurse should teach the client to take peppermint oil because peppermint relaxes the smooth muscle of the GI tract and decreases the manifestations of IBS.

A nurse is caring for a client who has anemia and a new prescription for an iron supplement. The nurse should recommend the client consume the supplement with which of the following beverages to increase absorption?

Tomato juiceMY ANSWERThe nurse should recommend the client consume the supplement with beverages containing vitamin C, such as tomato juice or orange juice, because this will enhance the absorption of the iron supplement.

A nurse is teaching a client who is preparing for bowel surgery about a low-residue diet. Which of the following food choices by the client indicates an understanding of the teaching?

Two poached eggs and a bananaA low-residue diet limits the amount of stool traveling through the intestinal tract. The nurse should teach the client to avoid foods high in fiber. Poached eggs and bananas are acceptable low-residue menu choices.

A nurse is providing teaching regarding diet modifications to a client who is at a high risk for cardiovascular disease. The client is accustomed to traditional Mexican foods and wants to continue to include them in her diet. Which of the following recommendations should the nurse give the client?

Use canola oil instead of lard for frying.The nurse should teach the client to use monounsaturated fats, such as canola oil, instead of saturated fats, such as lard, to reduce the risk for cardiovascular disease. Use soy milk instead of cow's milk. MY ANSWERThe nurse should recognize that soy milk is not part of a traditional Mexican diet and should recommend fat-free or low-fat cow's milk.

A nurse is caring for a client who is being treated for cancer using chemotherapy. Which of the following interventions should the nurse suggest to aid in management of treatment-related changes in taste?

Use plastic utensils.Use of plastic utensils can help minimize a metallic taste that often accompanies chemotherapy treatment.

A nurse is caring for a client who develops diarrhea while receiving a continuous enteral tube feeding. Which of the following actions should the nurse take?

Warm the formula to room temperature. A client can develop diarrhea if the formula being infused is too cold. Therefore, the nurse should warm the formula to room temperature prior to administration.

A nurse is admitting a client who has diabetic ketoacidosis. Which of the following findings should the nurse expect?

increased urination MY ANSWER The nurse should identify that increased urination is a manifestation of diabetic ketoacidosis. Other manifestations can include fruity breath, Kussmaul respirations, excessive thirst, and orthostatic hypotension.

A nurse is assessing the meal pattern of a client who has diverticular disease and a prescription for a high-fiber diet. Which of the following food choices by the client contains the most fiber?

½ cup bran cereal MY ANSWER A high-fiber diet is recommended for clients who have diverticular disease because bulky, soft stools are easier for the client to pass and result in decreased pressure within the colon. The nurse should determine that a ½ cup of bran cereal contains the most fiber at 10 g per serving.