Atomic Radius, Ionization Energy, Electronegativity

Why is the second ionization energy greater than the first ionization energy?

more difficult to remove second electron due to attraction forces

How does the radius of an anion compare to the parent atom?

Atoms gain electrons to create negative ions

How does the radius of a cation compare to the parent atom?

Atoms lose electrons to create positive ions

Why do atomic radii decrease across a period?

More protons, neutrons, and electrons in the same energy level which leads to a greater pull

Why do atomic radii increase down a group?

More protons, neutrons, and electrons in different energy levels which spreads it apart

Why does Ionization Energy increase across a period?

Since it has a smaller atomic radius, it has a greater pull to the nucleus, making it harder to remove an electron

Why does electronegativity increase across a period?

Since it has a smaller atomic radius, the greater pull increases the amount of electronegativity due to the pull of the electrons.

Why does electronegativity decrease along a group?

Since more energy levels are added, the pull decreases which means the electronegativity from electrons also decrease.

Why does Ionization Energy decrease down a group?

Since more energy levels are added, the pull of electrons is less, making it easier to remove an electron.

Which factor can contribute to the increase in ionization energy from left to right across a period?

an increase in the number of protons

What happens to the atomic size as you move across the period

atomic size decreases

ability of an atom to attract electrons when the atom is in a chemically combined compound

electronegativity

What causes the shielding effect to remain constant across a period?

electrons added to the same principal energy level

How does atomic radius/ atomic size change from top to bottom in a group in the periodic table?

increase

What is the energy required to remove the outermost electron from an atom ?

ionization energy

How does the ionization energy change as you go across the period?

ionization energy increases