BA325 7-12
Life-cycle analysis involves:
Collecting information regarding the lifelong environmental impact of a product, from extraction to disposal.
Reasons for the destruction of rain forests include:
Commercial logging Cattle Ranching Conversion of forests to plantations
Which political action strategy seeks to gain support from other affected organizations to better influence policymakers?
Constituency-building strategy
With respect to fresh water, according to one estimate, if it were possible to eliminate pollution, capture all available fresh water, and distribute fresh water equitably
Demand would exceed supply within a hundred years
The amount of land and water a human population needs to produce the resources it consumes and to absorb its wastes given prevailing technology is called:
Ecological footprint
Being able to continue their activities indefinitely, without altering the carrying capacity of the Earth's ecosystem, is a characteristic of:
Ecologically sustainable organizations
Policies that affect the supply, demand, and value of a nation's currency are:
Monetary policies
A common tactic in a financial-incentive political strategy is:
Political contributions
Regulation can be argued as justified based on:
Utilitarian and justice grounds
A critical characteristic of a successful CIO is:
A leader with the ability to speak the language of the business.
The term circular economy refers to:
A production system that is regenerative by design
According to an Oxford University study, what percentage of current jobs were expected to be overtaken by robots in the next two decades?
About 50 percent.
By raising and lowering the interest rates at which private banks borrow money form the government, the Federal Reserve Bank:
Both of these answers are correct: Influences the size of the nation's money supply; and influences the value of the dollar.
When companies develop a reputation for environmental excellence, and they produce and deliver products and services designed to attract environmentally aware customers, this is called:
Brand differentiation.
To influence government policymakers' actions, an information strategy involves:
Business leaders speaking before government policymakers
Which pattern of consumption is recommended to reduce humanity's global footprint?
Choosing less harmful products.
General Electric's "Ecomagination" effort to invest in clean technology is an example of:
Clean technology.
The typical public affairs executive spends most of the day:
Coalition building Direct lobbying Fund raising
Deregulation has occurred in the following industries
Commercial airlines, railroads, and financial institutions.
A shared resource, such as land, air, or water, that a group of people uses collectivetly is an
Commons
Buying and selling goods and services electronically is called:
E-business.
Lobbyists, under U.S. law, must disclose their:
Earnings and expenses.
When a government orders companies not to conduct business in another country because of a war, human rights violations, or lack of a legitimate government; these orders are called:
Economic sanctions.
One of the oldest financial-incentive strategy tools is:
Political action committee contributions.
An example of industrial ecology in practice is:
Using wastes from one process as raw materials for another process.
Businesses promote an information strategy by inviting government leaders to:
Visit local plant facilities Attend company award ceremonies Give speeches to employees.
As of 2016 what was the average cost of a data breach in the United States?
$7 million.
An example of a hacking job motivated by retaliation is:
A person hacks a government website to act against inaction by the government.
Firms in the chemical industry, which must contend with frequently changing environmental regulations and the risk of dangerous accidents, usually have:
A sophisticated political strategy
Which of the following statements is not true with respect to acid rain? Multiple Choice
Acid rain occurs when carbon dioxide combines with water vapor in the atmosphere.
When managers become personally involved in developing public policy, the firm is at what level of business political involvement?
Aggressive organizational involvement
Air pollution is accurately described by which of the following?
Air pollution occurs when more pollutants are emitted into the atmosphere than can be safely absorbed and diluted by natural processes.
Companies that cultivate a vision of sustainability must adopt sophisticated strategic planning techniques to:
Allow their top manager to assess the full range of the firm's effects on the environment.
Antitrust laws protect consumers from:
Anticompetitive practices by business.
The ability of a digital computer or computer-controlled robot to perform tasks commonly associated with intelligent beings is called:
Artificial intelligence.
Government's role is to create and enforce laws that:
Balance the relationship between business and society.
Sustainable development
Balances economic and environmental considerations
By promoting the use of clean cookstoves in developing nations, a global alliance hopes to reduce:
Black carbon
The antitrust enforcement agencies in the United States have the legal authority to:
Block anticompetitive mergers in the U.S.
Managers' understanding of government regulations is
Both a domestic and internaitonal issue.
Proponents of business as a political participant argue:
Both of these answers are correct: A pluralistic system invites many participants; and business is a vital stakeholder of government.
The core idea of sustainable development is (are:
Both of these answers are correct: Economic development must be accomplished sustainably; and poverty is an underlying cause of environmental degradation.
Supporters of advocacy advertisements believe that they:
Both of these answers are correct: Identify a company as an interested and active stakeholder; and can help mold public opinion on a particular policy issue.
An example of codes of environmental conduct that have been developed by and for specific industries include:
Both of these answers are correct: The Equator Principles; and The Forest Stewardship Principles.
MIT researchers determined that 90 percent of shopper's credit-card transactions could be used to:
Both to uniquely identify an individual's shopping habits and preferences and to identify an individual shopper using only four bits of secondary information.
Which of the following represents a structural remedy for an antitrust violation?
Breaking up a monopoly
When a firm solicits its stockholders for political contributions for a particular candidate by letter and then sends those contributions to the candidate on behalf, it called:
Bundling
Public policies and government regulations are shaped by:
Business Special interest groups Government
An organization that produces net zero emissions of greenhouse gases is achieving
Carbon neutrality
A CIO is the company's:
Chief information officer.
Companies that reduce pollution and hazardous waste, reuse or recycle materials, and operate with greater energy efficiency achieve a competitive advantage due to:
Cost savings
Both large and small businesses have adopted sustainable practices to what advantage?
Cost savings from operational efficiency Opportunity to serve emerging economies Reduction of regulatory risk
One major advantage of conducting business online is:
Cost-effective marketing and promotions
This annual international gathering on January 28 brought together leaders from the U.S. and dozens of European countries to address the global nature of cyberattacks:
Data Privacy Day.
Since 2008, the total amount spent on lobbying activity has:
Decreased slightly
A corporate political strategy does not:
Determine the legal limits allowed for campaign financing
The commitments of the Convention on Biological Diversity include:
Developing national conservation strategies
This Act makes it a crime to circumvent antipiracy measures built into most commercial software agreements between the manufacturers and their users:
Digital Millennium Copyright Act.
Which of these statements accurately describes a Super PAC?
Does not allow direct contributions to candidates or political parties
Emission fees are accurately characterized by which statement(s)?
Each business is charged for the undesirable pollution that it emits. Companies emitting more pollutants end up paying more pollution taxes. Revenues from emission fees can be used to support environmental efforts.
Which of the following are examples of natural monopolies?
Electric utilities and railroads
One of the biggest challenges for autonomous vehicle manufacturers, according to the case The Arrival of Autonomous Cars—Bright Future or Looming Threat? was:
Ensuring the vehicles were safer than driver-controlled automobiles.
When businesses form voluntary, collaborative partnerships with environmental organizations and regulators to achieve specific objectives this is called:
Environmental partnerships
Which of the following is not a constituency-building strategy tool?
Expert witness testimony
An example of regulatory agency charged with enforcing social regulation is:
Federal Trade Commission
In a survey of 105 companies in 2017, the most frequent public affairs tactic was related to:
Federal government relations
Patterns of government taxing and spending that are intended to stimulate or support the economy are:
Fiscal Policies
The EU law passed in 2018 that required companies to promptly report personal data breaches was called:
General Data Protection Regulation.
Software piracy is a major problem in which part of the world?
Globally
Participants int he Montreal Protocol agreed that by 2030 they would phase out:
HCFCs
One ethical concern about businesses collecting vast amounts of stakeholder data is:
If the effort actually benefits the stakeholders.
Expert witness testimony is often collected:
In congressional hearings
In the United States, most solid waste ends up:
In landfills.
Public policy tools involve a combination of:
Incentives and penalties
The annual EPA report Toxics Release Inventory (TRI) is an example of which environmental policy type?
Information disclosure.
Governments being asked to regulate driving distractions are examples of public policy:
Input
The toxic Substances Control Act is accurately described by which of the following?
It established a national policy to regulate, restrict, and, if necessary, ban toxic chemicals.
When a business seeks to overturn a law after it has been passed or threatens to challenge the legal legitimacy of the new regulation in the courts, this is called:
Legal challenges
Ecologically sustainable organizations are accurately explained by which of these descriptions?
Making and transporting products using minimal energy.
When the market fails to adjust for the full costs of a firms behavior, this is called:
Market failure.
The process of firms buying and selling the right to pollute is an example of which type of environmental regulation?
Market-based.
Sustainable development through technology cooperation is best illustrated by:
Microsoft provided the Jane Goodall Institute with animal tracking tools
Government regulations help balance negative externalities such as
No smoking rules enforced to mitigate the effects of second-hand smoke.
Which of these activities is not considered to be a marine ecosystem threat
Ocean alkalinity.
The idea that every distribution channel must work together to deliver a unified and consistent customer experience is called:
Omnichannel.
Which of the following statements is not true about the population?
Over the next century, population growth is expected to be greatest in developed nations.
Environmental justice is a movement to:
Prevent inequitable exposure to risk, such as from hazardous waste
Which stage of corporate environmental responsibility focuses on the full life cycle of a product?
Product stewardship stage.
To help control political favoritism, there have been global efforts to:
Promote fairness in the electoral process.
Which of these factors has accelerated the current ecological crisis?
Rapid industrialization
The most successful global businesses in coming years will be those companies that:
Recognize the imperative for sustainable development as an opportunity both for competitive advantage and ethical action.
The beverage industry's partnership Refrigerants Naturally! is attempting to:
Reduce the use of ozone-depleting chemicals.
The primary way of accomplishing public policy is through
Regulation
Every environmental regulation must be initially evaluated for its costs and benefits in a process called:
Regulatory impact analysis.
In Japan's pluralistic public policy process, who are the major participants?
Representatives of big business, agriculture, and labor
The role of chief sustainability officer is described by which statement(s)
Requires strong interpersonal skills. Supervises staff across functional areas. Typically reports to the CEO.
Rapid economic development is often accompanied by:
Rising incomes, bringing higher rates of both consumption and waste
A large sporting goods store that raised the age for purchase of some firearms in response to public concerns for gun control were seen by detractors as:
Risking their reputation by engaging in politics.
Total social regulation costs are:
Slightly less than total economic regulation costs.
Around the world, government
Sometimes cooperates and sometimes is in conflict with business.
Natural capital refers to the world's
Supply of geology, soil, air, water, and all living things
Which country has made the greatest progress in reducing its solid waste stream?
Sweden.
According to McKinsey and Company, which position cannot be easily replaced with robots?
Team managers.
When environmentally proactive companies seek out imaginative, innovative new methods for reducing pollution and increasing efficiency, they are adopting which strategy?
Technological innovation.
Global warming can be described by which of the following?
The Earth has already warmed by between 0.7 and 1.1 degrees Celsius over the past century. Burning fossil fuels is the leading contributor of global warming. The amount of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere has increased by as much as 40 percent since the Industrial Revolution.
The use of robotics in the workplace has increased recently because:
The cost of robots has decreased. Robots are more reliable than people. New collaborative machines have been invented.
In 2016, the Global Electoral Organization (GEO) discussed which critical election administration issues?
The use of technology to increase accountability.
Under U.S. sentencing guidelines, how would firms facing environmental violations typically be treated if they had an active compliance program and fully cooperated with investigators?
Their sentence would likely be lighter.
Cooperation between business and government often occurs when:
They encounter a common problem or enemy.
One argument in favor of net neutrality is:
To fairly compete, small, medium, and large firms should have the same Internet bandwidth.
European Union regulators accused Uber of engaging in:
Unfair competition.
Economists reported that the costs of regulatory compliance were highest for:
Worker safety
Past decisions of the courts, the original basis for the U.S. legal system, are called
common laws
The ideas, concepts, and other symbolic creations of the human mind are often referred to as:
intellectual property.
Hiring former government officials for positions in the corporate world is:
normally legal
Sustainability leaders have found that the most effective environmental approach involves:
A team of line managers from across the business organization.
The Mullahs in Iran is an example of the power of government derived from:
A religious authority
Possible costs of environmental regulation include all of the following except:
Corporate restructuring.
Environmental regulations stimulate some sectors of the economy by:
Creating jobs in industries like environmental consulting, asbestos abatement, and instrument manufacturing. Saving jobs in industries like fishing and tourism when natural areas are protected or restored. Compelling businesses to become more efficient by conserving energy.
The purpose of the right to be forgotten is to:
Increase protection of privacy and personal information.
A firm in the pollution prevention stage of the corporate environmental responsibility model is best described by which statement?
Minimizing or eliminating waste before it is created.
Cybersecurity experts recommend including which essential elements for an incident-response plan for cyberattacks?
Support from executive leadership. Involvement by all functional departments. Focus on how to respond to a breach.
Hackers employed by businesses or governments to intentionally discover weaknesses in information systems are called:
White hatters
Downloading illegal files, spreading computer viruses, and stealing from online bank accounts is collectively referred to as:
Cybercrime.
The role of the CIO includes all of these tasks except:
Monitoring the appropriate level of employee productivity.
