BIO 104 Exam 3

Which of the following is not one of the three major events in the development of protostomes and deuterostome?

Coelom formation

Which of the following is a marine arthropod?

Crayfish

Describe the three types of body cavities found in animals and provide examples of each

-Acoelomate, without body cavity -Pseudocoelomates false body cavity -Coelomate, true body cavities

Describe the seven major characteristics that separate the animal five or from other phyla of living organisms

-Animals are multicellular with the exception of sponges. -Animal cells lack cell walls and use protein structures called junctions. -Embryonic development, cells become specialized and tissue forms. -Animals are heterotrophs except sponges. animals are motile. -Animals have nervous and muscular tissue. -Animals are diploid.

How do Obelia reproduce sexually?

All of the choices are correct.

Millipedes differ from centipedes because

All of the choices are correct.

Spiders have

All of the choices are spider characteristics. FALSE

Radially symmetrical organisms

All of the choices are true.

A dimophic body form means

All of the choices characterize dimorphic body forms.

Sea Stars are Echinoderms that

All of the choices characterize sea stars.

Which organism does not use gills for respiration?

clam

A person working in a rice paddy in Asia becomes infected with the liver fluke by

eating infected undercooked or uncooked fish.

How could you possibly become infected with adult tapeworms?

eating insufficiently cooked pork

The term based on the Greek words for "spiny skinned" is

echinoderm.

arthropoda

joint foot; everywhere, bilaterial, coelomate

The term "arthropoda" is based on the Greek words for

joint-footed.

annelida

little ring; marine, land, water, bilateral, coelomate

The term "nematocyst" is based on the Greek root word meaning

thread bladder.

nematoda

thread like (round worms); everywhere/extreme environments, pseudocoelomates

Which of the following statements is NOT true about the flatworms?

Liver flukes and blood flukes are endoparasites in humans.

Describe the three germ layers established in the animal embryonic development

-Ectoderm, form skin and nervous system. -Mesoderm, muscle skeleton. -Endoderm, gut/organs

Describe each of the three major types of symmetry in animals and provide examples of each

-Sponges have asymmetry -radial symmetry in sessile animals -bilateral is best for motile animals

Which of the following statements about sponges is NOT correct?

Amoeboid cells capture food particles from the water.

To which phylum do leeches belong?

Annelida

Most animal species are in which phylum?

Arthropoda

If you live on a river delta or coastline, you may not be able to eat the local shellfish because of high levels of toxins, even though you may be able to drink the water taken from the same source. Why?

Clams filter-feed and concentrate the dilute pollutants from the water, thus acting as early warning indicators of severe pollution.

Which of the following is NOT a Mollusk?

Echinodermata

List for sources used to develop current phylogenic trees of animals

Morphological, fossil, and genetic evidence.

The use of the term ''radial symmetry'' has been called into serious question by several scientists. We have used ''radial symmetry'' to describe both cnidaria and now echinoderms. (In the 1950s, phylum Echinodermata was often placed just above phylum Cnidaria, then called Coelenterata.) Today, what concerns should surround the use of the term ''radially symmetrical''?

None of the choices is correct; radial symmetry still shows important evolutionary linkages. FALSE Echinoderm larvae are completely bilateral but develop into adults that appear radial. FALSE Echinoderms developed from ancestors that were bilateral and cnidaria did not. FALSE

Which of the following statements is NOT correct about the flatworms?

Parasitic flatworms have a well-developed head with eyespots and nerves concentrated into a brain.

Which statement is NOT correct about the roundworms?

Roundworms are all carnivores and may be free-living or parasitic.

Which statement about arachnids is NOT true?

Spiders have both simple and compound eyes.

Which statement about sponges is NOT correct?

Sponges are thought to be on the evolutionary pathway leading to more complex animals such as corals and worms.

Which statement about cnidaria is NOT true?

The body plan is tube-within-a-tube, with both mouth and anus.

Summarize the colonial flagellate hypothesis as it relates to the origin of animals.

The first animals evolved from flagellated protists that lived in colonies

Which of the following statements about planaria is NOT true?

There is a rudimentary circulatory system with a small central heart.

Earthworms possess both male and female organs on separate segments; thus, mating consists of ''parallel parking'' in opposite directions and cross-fertilizing. Given this, which of the following is/are true?

This is an advantage since they can mate with any other earthworm of the same species that they encounter.

Sea stars and sea urchins operate their tube feet by

a hydraulic system that regulates water pressure.

Earthworms possess all of the fundamental organ systems that reach their full development in humans. One major difference is

a hydrostatic skeleton.

The madreporite helps the sea star

absorb water to regulate its vascular system.

Flukes are divided into Monogenea and Digenea. Monogenea have a posterior holdfast with hooks, clamps, and suckers; Digenea have suckers but never hooks and clamps. Monogenea have only one host in the life cycle, and usually live on gills or skin of fish and amphibians; Digenea have at least two hosts and often three or more, and are named because they have two reproductive states in their life cycle (an adult and intramolluscan phase). From what you now know, the blood fluke Schistosoma would therefore be

an endoparasite and Digenean.

The success of the Arthropods is dependent upon several major factors. Of the following, which is NOT one of these factors?

an exoskeleton composed mostly of chitin FALSE the presence of a variety of respiratory organs FALSE

Annelids exhibit all of the following characteristics EXCEPT

an internal calcium carbonate skeleton.

An insect circulatory system is best described as

an open system that mostly washes "blood'' through the body cavities

An arachnid differs from a crustacean because

arachnids lack antennae.

The term "coelom" is based on the Greek root word meaning

cavity.

The term "metamorphosis" is based on the Greek words for

changing-form.

The horseshoe crab Limulus is a/an

chelicerate.

When an earthworm secretes a slime layer to receive eggs and sperm and form a ''cocoon,'' this secretion is produced by the

clitellum.

Similarities between polycheates and oligocheates include all of the following except:

closed circulatory system FALSE both are predators

Animals that have three layers of embryonic tissue with organs in a cavity that is completely lined with mesoderm are

coelomate.

Earthworm prostomium

covers the mouth

The term "pseudocoelom" is based on the Greek words for

false cavity.

List in order the basic stages of embryonic development and animals

fertilized egg, blastula, blastopore, gastrula

Platyhelminthes

flat worm; nearly everywhere, bilateral, acoelomates

Which of the following is correct in matching the common name with a phylum name?

fluke-Platyhelminthes

Majority of Nematodes and platyhelminthes contain

gonads

ALL arthropods are covered in a

hard, chitinous exoskeleton

The term "cephalopoda" is based on the Greek words for

head-footed.

A floating Portuguese man-of-war is

in the hydra group and is a colony composed of different types of individuals.

The first phylum to have a true coelom is:

molluscs

The cephalopods resemble other mollusks because they have

most of the internal organs located in a visceral mass.

What system do the cnidaria and comb jellies have that sponges lack?

nervous

The most intelligent of the invertebrates is thought to be the

octopus.

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the porifera?

osculum

Which of these is a bivalve?

oyster

Which of the following are NOT cnidaria?

planaria

Which of these parasites does NOT enter the mouth of its human host and leave as eggs with the human feces?

planarian

Coelomates that develop with the blastopore becoming the mouth are

protostomes.

mollusca

thin shelled; mostly marine, bilaterial, true coelomate

Classification of animals is based upon all of the following EXCEPT

presence or absence of segmentation.

The segments of a tapeworm consisting primarily of eggs, which hang in bags as a long chain behind the head, are called

proglottids.

Distinguish between the three major events in the development of protostomes and deuterostomes

protostomes blastopore becomes the mouth while in deuterostomes it becomes the anus, protostomes have spiral cleavage and deuterostomes have radial

Animals that have three layers of embryonic tissue but have organs in a cavity that is not completely lined with mesoderm are

pseudocoelomate.

Press a sponge through a coarse cloth bag and extrude the whole cells through the holes. The cells then

reassemble into a new organized sponge with each cell resuming its original job.

Of the following organisms, which is the most evolutionarily advanced, with more complex body structure?

roundworms

The head region of a tapeworm is called the

scolex.

Which of the following is a deuterostome?

sea star

The structures that earthworms use to anchor themselves in the earth and pull themselves along are

setae.

Which of the following types of skeletal material is NOT found in at least some sponges?

spongin of fibrous protein

echinodermata

spiny skin; marine, everywhere, bilaterial/pentaradial, ONLY deuterstome invertebrates, coelomate

Cnidarians

stinging nettle; euzoa, marine & fresh, radially, no coelom

Which characteristic is NOT found in the class Gastropoda?

swimming larvae are found in all forms

Which of these parasitic worms is NOT a nematode?

the worm that causes schistosomiasis

Porifera

to bear pores; parazoa, 98% saltwater, asymmetric, no coelom

Radula (Mollusca)

tooth that scrapes algae

The insect organ most equivalent to the human lung in function is the

tracheae.

The larval stage of most marine worms-which is nearly identical to the larvae of mollusks and which shows their evolutionary relationship-is the

trochophore larvae.

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of sponges?

water enters through a single cavity, the osculum