Week 4 Quiz NUT

Which of the following is a property of the fat-soluble vitamins?

Deficiency symptoms may take years to develop on a poor diet

Increasing the amount of polyunsaturated fats in the diet increases the need for vitamin

E

Which of the following vitamins is least associated with the process of bone remodeling?

E

Which vitamin prevents the oxidation of low-density lipoproteins?​

E

Which of the following is a naturally occurring food source of vitamin D?

Egg Yolks

Which of the following conditions is known to lead to copper deficiency?

Excess zinc

Which of the following is a feature of water?

Generated from oxidation of energy nutrients

What is a substance that interferes with the functioning of the thyroid gland?

Goitrogen

Which of the following is a characteristic of caffeine intake and water balance?

Habitual consumers of caffeine lose almost no more fluid from the body than when ingesting non-caffeinated beverages

Which of the following is a feature of niacin nutrition?

High doses may lower blood cholesterol

What is a feature of sodium and health?

High sodium intake is known to promote calcium excretion

What is the response of the thyroid gland to an iodine deficiency?

Increase in its size to trap more iodine

Which of the following represents the most likely cause of manganese toxicity?

Inhalation of dust contaminated with manganese

What is the relationship of the amount of sodium excreted to the amount ingested in a normal day?

Intake and excretion are equal.

Which of the following conditions may improve with vitamin E therapy?

Intermittent claudication

The synthesis of collagen requires both vitamin C and ____.

Iron

Why are people with iron overload at increased risk for infections?

Iron-rich blood favors growth of bacteria.

What is the function of intrinsic factor in vitamin B12 absorption?

It attaches to the vitamin, thereby allowing absorption from the small intestine.

In what major way does alcohol intake affect vitamin B6 metabolism?

It dislodges the PLP coenzyme from its enzyme

Which of the following is a feature of copper nutrition?

It is involved in collagen synthesis and wound healing

How does vitamin C enhance iron absorption when consumed in the same meal?

It keeps iron in the reduced ferrous form

What organ provides the major control for homeostasis of body fluids?

Kidneys

What is a major binding protein for zinc?

Metallothionein

What type of anemia results from iron deficiency?

Microcytic hypochromic

What term identifies the characteristic tingling sensations and reddening of the skin after ingesting a pharmacologic dose of nicotinic acid?

Niacin Flush

Vitamin A supplements are helpful in treating which of the following conditions?

Night blindness

About how much iron is absorbed from a vegetarian diet compared with an omnivorous diet?

One-half as much

Which of the following vitamins is known to sustain substantial losses during processing of food?

Pantothenic acid

Tiffany is a strict vegan and does not consume calcium-rich plant foods nor supplements of calcium. Which of the following is most responsible for maintaining her blood calcium levels in the normal range?

Parathyroid hormone

Which mineral is involved in the transportation of lipids through the body's lymph blood systems?

Phosphorus

What is the name given to the ingestion of nonnutritive substances?

Pica

What is the greatest single source of sodium in the diet?

Processed foods

Which of the following characteristics is shared by zinc and iron?

Proteins in the blood are needed for their transport

Which of the following is known to require vitamin K for its synthesis?

Prothrombin

Which of the following is the name of the vitamin A compound that is active in the visual response?

Retinal

A deficiency of what vitamin produces a characteristic crackingand redness at the corners of the mouth?

Riboflavin

In what system would the effects of a vitamin D deficiency be most readily observed?

Skeletal

What is an overt sign of a possible B vitamin deficiency?

Smooth tongue

Hyponatremia refers to low blood concentration of

Sodium

When a person loses fluid by sweating or bleeding, what minerals are lost in greatest quantity?

Sodium and chloride

Which food choice would be the only substantial source of vitamin B12?

Steak

What is the ionic state of ferric iron?

+3

A person's highest bone density is achieved by around age (years)

30

Approximately what percentage of naturally occurring dietary folate is bioavailable?​

50

What is the sodium-potassium pump?

A cell membrane protein that uses energy to pump sodium out of the cell

What is most likely to occur when a calcium supplement and an iron supplement are taken simultaneously?

Absorption of iron is reduced

Which of the following is a feature of magnesium in nutrition?

Average intakes from food are below recommendations

Which of the following minerals would a bulimia nervosa patient be likely to lose in the greatest amount?

Chloride

Which of the following nutrients is synthesized in significant amounts in the body?

Choline

What is a chief function of the B vitamins?

Coenzyme participation

Which of the following is a feature of calcium supplements?

Common antacids are used as a source of calcium

Which of the following compounds is known to function as a hormone?

D

Which vitamin is stored primarily in muscle tissue?

B6

Which of the following food substances can be converted to vitamin A in the body?

Beta-carotene

Which of the following vitamins is synthesized by intestinal bacteria?

Biotin

What are the known effects of raising animals on diets containing retinoic acid as the only source of vitamin A?

Blindness develops.

What do beta-carotene and vitamin E have in common?

Both act as antioxidants.

Riboflavin needs are more difficult to meet when the diet is low in

dairy foods

Which food is highest in folate?

dark leafy greens

A person with high blood levels of hepcidin responds by

decrease iron absorption

What is the function of MFP factor?

enhances iron absorption

A person with a disorder that limits absorption of bile is at increased risk for deficiency of

folate

Chromium deficiency is characterized by

hyperglycemia

Habitual intake of soft water is most likely to aggravate

hypertension

Abnormally low blood sodium concentration is known specifically as

hyponatremia

What is the most likely reason for the development of a vitamin B12 deficiency?

inadequate absorption

Why might vitamin C supplements be beneficial in treating the common cold?

they deactivate histamine

In the body, water that resides between cells is known as

interstitial fluid

Calcium-binding protein acts within the ____.

intestine

The erythrocyte protoporphyrin level is used as an indicator of ____.

late iron deficiency

A friend shows you a newspaper article titled "Magnesium's Role in ATP Synthesis." You explain that

magnesium serves as a catalyst in the reaction that adds the last phosphate to ATP.

Your friend Jane just returned from the doctor, who diagnosed her with a specific vitamin B toxicity. However, she doesn't recall the name of the vitamin. Which vitamin listed is the only possible culprit associated with toxicity symptoms?

niacin

Which food provides the greatest amount of iron per serving?

pinto beans

The major function of vitamin E is to inhibit the destruction of ____.

polyunsaturated fatty acids

What is the richest source of iodine?

seafood

Absorption efficiency of vitamin D supplements is markedly improved when they are taken ____.

with a large meal

In what major way does alcohol intake affect vitamin B6 metabolism?

​It increases fecal excretion of the vitamin, It dislodges the PLP coenzyme from its enzyme

What is a feature of iron absorption?

​It is higher in people with iron deficiency.

How does vitamin C enhance iron absorption when consumed in the same meal?

​It keeps iron in the reduced ferrous form.

What is the best source of dietary vitamin K?

spinach

The primary mechanism by which soy consumption may lower the risk for osteoporosis is related to

the estrogen-like activity of soy phytochemicals.

Why are vitamin E deficiencies rarely observed in human beings?

The vitamin is widespread in foods

Which of the following is a characteristic of free radicals?

They arise from normal metabolic reactions

In which of the following individuals would vitamin A toxicity be most likely to occur?

Those taking Vitamin A supplements

Which of the following people are at known risk for potassium depletion?

Those who ingest low amounts of fresh fruits/vegetables

Why does vitamin A status depend on the person's protein status?

Transport of the vitamin within the body requres sufficient protein to synthesize retinol-binding protein

The absorption of which vitamin is most affected by the disorder atrophic gastritis?

Vitamin B12

Which property is shared by niacin and riboflavin coenzymes?

acceptance and transfer of hydrogen atoms

The strongest predictor for loss of bone density is a person's

age

What is the chief transport substance for zinc in the circulation?

albumin

A measure of the amount at which a nutrient is absorbed and used by the body is termed

bioavailability

What is an early sign of vitamin C deficiency?

bleeding gums

In what chief capacity does vitamin K function?

blood clotting

What does a DEXA scan measure?

bone density

Lycopene is classified as a(n)

carotenoid

The animal version of vitamin D is known as ____.

cholecalciferol

The chief symptoms of early vitamin B6 deficiency include

confusion and depression

Of the following, which would most readily induce a vitamin K deficiency?

Antibiotic therapy

Riboflavin is most easily destroyed when exposed to ____.

ultraviolet light

Which type of food is a major source of vitamin E in the diet?

vegetable oils