BIO 109 Chapter 10

Gas exchange between inhaled air and the blood is accomplished by the __________ and the __________.

alveoli;pulmonary capillaries

a type of food poisoning that may results in paralysis of the respiratory muscles

botulism

exchange of air between lungs and the environment

breathing

Burning of carbon-based fuels can produce which one of the following, an odorless gas that competes with oxygen for binding to hemoglobin.

carbon monoxide

the process that results in water being produced as a byproduct

cellular respiration

condition that caused an accumulation of fluid in the spaces between the pulmonary capillaries and alveoli due to inadequate pumping of blood by the heart

congestive heart failure

Unlike capillaries in the systemic circuit, in the pulmonary circuit, __________ blood enters the capillaries from the arterioles and __________ blood leaves the capillaries for the venules.

deoxygenated;oxygenated

chronic disorder that results from permanent damage to the alveoli as a consequence of smoking or exposure to pollutants

emphysema

During the ingestion of food or liquid, which one of the following tips to block the opening to the trachea?

epiglottis

the amount of air that can be forced out of the lungs beyond the tidal volume

expiratory reserve volume

movement of oxygen across alveoli into the bloodstream

external respiration

the amount of air that can be inhaled beyond the tidal volume

inspiratory reserve volume

movement of carbon dioxide from interstitial fluids into the blood

internal respiration

a deadly type of cancer associated with asbestos exposure

mesothelioma

Which of the following lists the order of structures through which air will pass during inspiration?

nose, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, alveoli

inflammation of the epithelial membranes enclosing the lungs

pleurisy

inflammation of the lungs due to viral or bacterial infection; secretion of excess fluid in the lungs prevents proper gas exchange

pneumonia

collapse of one or more lobes of the lungs, usually due to a penetrating chest wound

pneumothorax

the air that remains in the lungs after a forceful exhalation

residual volume

Most of the carbon dioxide released by cells is transported in the venous supply in what form?

soluble bicarbonate ion

the amount of air entering the lungs with every breath

tidal volume

Mucus in the nasal cavity functions to __________.

trap dust and pathogens in incoming air

Oxygen-rich blood flows through the heart

via the left atrium and ventricle before entering the systemic circuit

The maximal volume of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation is the __________.

vital capacity

the maximum amount of air that can be exhaled after a maximal inhalation

vital capacity