BIO 122 Quiz 2 Endocrine

Norepinephrine and epinephrine are considered ___________ when released into the bloodstream, but _______________________ when released at synapses. a: hormones; neurotransmitters b: neuropeptides; neurotransmitters c: neurotransmitters; hormones d: neurotransmitters; neuropeptides

a

The beta cells of the pancreatic islets produce a: insulin. b: glucagon. c: somatostatin. d: cortisol. e: peptide P.

a

The hypothalamus acts as both a neural and a(n) ________ organ. a: endocrine b: cardiovascular c: renal d: muscular e: hepatic

a

If stress lasts longer than a few hours, an individual will enter the ________ phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS). a: alarm b: resistance c: exhaustion d: extension

b

If the growth hormone secretion is deficient in a growing child: a: acromegaly would develop b: the child would be a dwarf but have fairly normal body proportions c: the child would mature sexually at an earlier than normal age c: cretinism would result

b

The adrenal medulla produces the hormones a: epinephrine and androgen. b: epinephrine and norepinephrine. c: corticosterone and testosterone. d: androgens and progesterone. e: norcortisol and cortisol.

b

Two hormones that have opposing effects are called a: agonists. b: antagonists. c: synergists. d: additive. e: permissive.

b

Cells of the adrenal cortex produce a: epinephrine. b: norepinephrine. c: aldosterone. d: ACTH. e: angiotensin.

c

During the alarm phase of the general adaptation syndrome (GAS), there is a: decreased blood flow to skeletal muscles and skin. b: decreased mental alertness. c: mobilization of energy reserves. d: increased urine release. e: decreased rate of respiration.

c

Parathyroid hormone does all of the following except a: stimulate osteoclast activity. b: inhibit osteoblast activity. c: build up bone. d: stimulate the formation and secretion of calcitriol at the kidneys. e: enhance the reabsorption of calcium at the kidneys.

c

Receptors for all of the following hormones are found in the cell membranes of target cells except a: amino acid derivatives. b: peptide hormones. c: steroid hormones. d: eicosanoids.

c

Shelly has a hormone-secreting tumor of the adrenal gland. The tumor is causing her to have a deep voice, grow extensive body hair, and stop menstruating. This tumor probably involves cells of the a: zona glomerulosa. b: zona fasciculata. c: zona reticularis. d: adrenal medulla. e: pars intermedia.

c

The target tissue for a hormone is: a: where the hormone is produced b: where the hormone is released after it is produced c: where a hormone has its effect d: where the hormone is stored until it is released

c

Which of the following does not exert control over endocrine glands? a: anterior pituitary b: hypothalamus c: parathyroid d: ovary

c

After a steroid hormone binds to its receptor to form an active complex, a: adenylyl cyclase is activated. b: cyclic nucleotides are formed. c: G proteins are phosphorylated. d: gene transcription is initiated.

d

The targets for insulin is/are a: skeletal, cardiac, and smooth muscle cells. b: adipocytes. c: liver cells. d: All of the answers are correct. e: None of the answers is correct.

d

Which of the following hormones increases and prolongs effects of the sympathetic nervous system? a: cortisol b: parathyroid hormone c: insulin d: growth hormone e: epinephrine

e

Which of the following organs contain target cells for oxytocin? a: prostate b: ductus deferens c: mammary glands d: uterus e: All of the answers are correct.

e

acromegaly 1. Hypersecretion of growth hormone in an adult. 2. Hyposecretion of growth hormone in a child.

1

calcitonin 1. decrease in blood calcium level 2. decrease in blood sugar level 3. increase in blood calcium level 4. increase in amount of water in the body 5. increase in blood sugar level

1

dwarfism 1. Hypersecretion of growth hormone in an adult. 2. Hyposecretion of growth hormone in a child.

2

insulin 1. decrease in blood calcium level 2. decrease in blood sugar level 3. increase in blood calcium level 4. increase in amount of water in the body 5. increase in blood sugar level

2

parathyroid horomone 1. decrease in blood calcium level 2. decrease in blood sugar level 3. increase in blood calcium level 4. increase in amount of water in the body 5. increase in blood sugar level

3

ADH 1. decrease in blood calcium level 2. decrease in blood sugar level 3. increase in blood calcium level 4. increase in amount of water in the body 5. increase in blood sugar level

4

Glucagon 1. decrease in blood calcium level 2. decrease in blood sugar level 3. increase in blood calcium level 4. increase in amount of water in the body 5. increase in blood sugar level

5

A self-correcting system used in hormonal control is: a: negative feedback b: first and second message (hormone, cyclic AMP) c: transmitting system d: postive feedback

a

If a diabetic patient received too much insulin, the low blood sugar could be corrected by injecting a: glucagon. b: GHIH. c: thyroid hormone. d: aldosterone. e: antidiuretic hormone

a

If the function of the anterior pituitary was impaired for any extensive period of time, which of the following would most likely occur as a result? a: TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) in the blood would decrease b: Oxytocin in the blood would decrease c: Ovaries would secrete FSH (follicle stimulating hormone) d: Adrenal cortex would over-secrete corticosteroids

a