BIO 125 Exam 5 (Chapters 13, 14, 15 & 16)

Which one of the following structures degenerates if a fertilized egg does not embed in the uterus?

corpus luteum

Bile assists in the chemical digestion of triglycerides by

emulsifying large fat droplets into tiny ones, providing more surface area for enzymes.

Essential amino acids are

required in the diet because the human body cannot make them.

Muscular movements that mix food in the lumen of the stomach are referred to as

segmentation

The digestion of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates is completed in the

small intestine

The salivary glands include

sublingual, parotid, and submandibular glands.

Which one of the following causes the release of epinephrine and norepinephrine from the adrenal medulla?

sympathetic nerves

Hormones act upon specific target tissues because

target tissues display the appropriate receptor for a particular hormone.

Nutrient-rich blood moves from the small intestine to the liver via

the hepatic portal system

Urination depends on

the neural micturition reflex.

A fertilized egg must embed in which one of the following organs for pregnancy to occur?

uterus

Alcohol has diuretic effects, increasing urine output. By which one of the following is this mediated?

Alcohol inhibits the release of ADH.

At which one of the following days in the 28-day cycle is a woman MOST likely to get pregnant?

Day 14

Which one of the following viruses is associated with cervical cancer?

Human papilloma virus (HPV)

Luteinizing hormone (LH) is considered a gonadotropin because of which one of the following reasons?

It promotes the growth of reproductive organs in both males and females.

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding erythropoietin?

It stimulates the production of red blood cells in the bone marrow.

Which of the following hormones stimulates the production of testosterone in males?

LH

Once a bolus of food has been formed in the mouth, it is passed by the tongue and jaws to the

Pharynx

Insulin helps regulate blood sugar at homeostatic levels by

Promoting the entry of glucose into cells

Which of the following tissues/organs is NOT a member of the endocrine system

Salivary gland

Mature sperm function best

at temperatures slightly cooler than body temperature

Non-steroid hormones differ from steroid hormones in that they

bind to a receptor on the outer surface of the cell membrane.

Aldosterone is secreted in response to changes in

blood pressure

The opening of the uterus is referred to as the

cervix

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases is currently the most prevalent in the United States?

chlamydia

The watery mixture of partially digested food produced in the stomach is called

chyme

Which one of the following is TRUE regarding mature human gametes (sperm and egg)?

contain the haploid number of chromosomes

Which one of the following types of diets is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease?

diet high in saturated fat and cholesterol

Which one of the following is typically removed from the blood by the tubular secretion process?

drugs such as marijuana and cocaine

Insufficient production of growth hormone by the anterior pituitary may result in

dwarfism

The seminal vesicles produce which one of the following to serve as the energy source to fuel sperm motility?

fructose

Which one of the following sexually transmitted diseases can be cured by the use of antibiotics?

gonorrhea

Which one of the following hormones would be tested for in a home pregnancy test?

hCG

Uptake of blood glucose by liver cells is stimulated by

insulin

The pituitary gland is often called the "master of the endocrine system" because

it secretes eight different hormones that in turn regulate many of the other endocrine glands.

Minerals that crystallize in the renal pelvis are referred to as

kidney stones

Bile is produced by the ________ and stored in the ________.

liver; gallblader

The layer of the gastrointestinal tract wall that is responsible for motility is the

muscularis

In which one of the following locations does fertilization usually occur?

oviduct

Which one of the following is considered an accessory digestive organ?

pancreas

Over 99% of the water filtered through the glomerulus is reabsorbed. At which one of the following locations does most of this water reabsorption occur? (hint: think location)

proximal tubule

The pancreas aids in the chemical digestion of food by

releasing digestive enzymes and bicarbonate ions into the duodenum

The urine moves from the collecting ducts in the kidneys to the

renal pelvis

Blood leaves the kidneys and returns to the Inferior Vena Cava through the

renal vein

Water-soluble vitamins differ from fat-soluble vitamins in that water-soluble vitamins are

stored for a brief period of time.

Which two endocrine glands exert the most control over blood calcium levels?

thyroid and parathyroid

The nitrogenous waste ammonia is usually converted to a less toxic substance known as

urea

The next destination from ureters the ureters is the

urinary bladder

When oxytocin is released during childbirth, the hormone targets cells in the

uterus.