Bio 13

Terrestrial vertebrates are descendants of lobe-finned fishes that lived during the Devonian period, approximately:

400 million years ago.

Which statement is true about animals?

All acquire energy by eating other organisms

Which of the following about insects is false?

All insects have three life stages: larva, pupa, and adult.

Invertebrates:

All of the above are not a monophyletic group. include arthropods, mollusks, and flatworms, among others. are animals without a backbone. have more species than vertebrates.

Which of the following species living today is the most evolutionarily successful?

All of the above species are equally successful because they are not extinct.

Which short description best describes the body plan of modern sponges?

An aggregation of cells built around a water canal system

From which of the species listed in the graph below are we, Homo sapiens, least likely to be directly descended?

Australopithecus (robust)

The group of mollusks that contains the nautilus species as well as squid and octopuses is called:

Cephalopods

Cnidarians are a unique group of organisms. Which of the following statements about cnidarians is true?

Cnidarians can be sessile (polyp) or free-floating (medusa).

True or false: Animals with backbones are more evolutionarily successful than organisms without backbones.

False. Each species exhibits adaptations that best suit their environment.

Some general evolutionary change trends in animals include:

Larger body size, bilateral symmetry, and an enclosed, fluid-filled body cavity.

Soon after amniotic vertebrates appeared, two different evolutionary lineages began to diverge. They are the:

Mammals and the reptiles

Two adaptations are central to the ecological diversity of insects: (1) the ability to fly and (2):

Metamorphosis

In what order did the following structures or processes evolve?

Prokaryotic cell, photosynthesis, multicellularity, terrestriality

Which statement is true of reptiles and amphibians?

Reptiles have amniotic eggs whereas amphibians do not

Which of the following is true of reptiles but not amphibians?

Reptiles have amniotic eggs, whereas amphibians do not.

Which of these is not a member of the segmented worms?

Roundworms

Which of the following is unique about vertebrates in terms of the phylum Chordata?

The notochord is not present throughout life; rather, it is only found in early embryos and is replaced by the vertebral column (backbone).

What is the key difference between protostomes and deuterostomes?

The protostome gut develops from front to back, so the first opening is the mouth. The deuterostome gut develops back to front, and the second opening becomes the mouth.

Which of the following is not true about Neandertals?

They lived primarily in Africa.

Although coral polyps can catch prey using their cnidocysts, they obtain most of their nutrition from _____________, called zooxanthellae, that live symbiotically with the polyps.

Zooxanthallae

Which statement is true about evolutionary success?

any species that arises on Earth is evolutionarily successful

Lampreys and hagfishes:

are the only extant jawless vertebrates.

Birds are grouped with turtles, lizards, snakes, alligators, and crocodiles. Birds, however, have feathers and can generate their own body heat, which other reptiles cannot do. Which of the following likely explains the original evolutionary function of feathers in early reptiles?

behavioral displays

All species of humans other than Homo sapiens became extinct:

between 30,000 and 12,000 years ago.

Which of the following characteristics defines a chordate?

bilateral symmetry, defined tissues, and gut develops from back to front

The notochord that characterizes all chordates at some stage in their life cycle provides all of the following functions except:

bony protection for the nerve cord.

What is a common characteristic of the arthropod phylum?

chitinous exoskeleton

Using the evolutionary tree above, determine which of the following constitutes a monophyletic group.

crocodiles and birds

Which organisms are considered deuterostomes?

echinoderms

When Homo sapiens first left Africa, they:

encountered Homo erectus in Java

Which of the following anatomical characteristics of humans can be traced back to our arboreal origins?

forward-directed eyes

A new animal is discovered with a prominent muscular foot that attaches to underwater rocks. The animal also has a one-piece shell. To which of the following animal groups does this new animal belong?

gastropods

Birds are a branch of the reptile lineage but, unlike other reptiles, birds are able to do which of the following?

generate body heat

Two important features that distinguish mammals from any other type of animal are:

hair and mammary glands

The swim bladder in ray-finned fishes is believed to be homologous to the _______ of terrestrial vertebrates.

lungs

Some insects have a life history that is divided into two or three unique stages known as ____________, during which their bodies undergo distinct changes. Please type the correct answer in the following input field, and then select the submit answer button or press the enter key when finished.

metamorphosis

Trichinella worms sometimes cause the disease known as trichinosis in humans when undercooked pork is eaten. These organisms have long cylindrical bodies but no segmentation. This species is most similar to which of the following animals?

nematodes

Which characteristic is not common to all chordates (at some point in their development)?

presence of vertebrae

What is the advantage of an amniotic egg?

prevents drying out

Which of the following is not an arthropod?

squid

Which behavior is indicative of higher intelligence?

the concept of intelligence cannot be applied objectively to other species.

The notochord that characterizes all chordates at some stage of their life cycle provides all of the following functions except:

the point of attachment for legs.

The lineage that first separated from the common ancestor of all animals, and retains many of the same primitive features to this day, includes which of the following modern organisms?

the sponge

In the figure, animals that exhibit radial symmetry in the larval phase of their life cycle can be found in:

the yellow box only.

Which feature of echinoderms means that they are more closely related to humans than any other invertebrate group?

they are deuterostomes

The most ancient branching point in the phylogeny of animals is the one that distinguishes between having:

true tissues or no tissues.