Economic Recovery and European Unity

Schuman Plan

An international organization set up in 1952 to control and integrate all European coal and steel production; also known as the European Coal and Steel Community.

Clement Attlee

British statesman and leader of the Labour party who instituted the welfare state in England (1883-1967)

council of europe

Brought about by the Marshall Plan in 1948 as an attempt to evolve into a Parliament yet became only a multinational debating society.`

the six

Consisted of West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France

Euratom

European Atomic Energy Community established by the treaty of Rome to regulate and research nuclear energy merged with the EEC.

Security Council

Five permanent members( US, UK, France, China, USSR) with veto power in the UN. Promised to carry out UN decisions with their own forces.

simone de beauvoir

French author of The Second Sex. She argued for women's rights and was also a prominent figure in the existentialist movement. She died in 1986.

jean monnet

French economist who advocated a Common Market in Europe (1888-1979)

Charles De Gaulle

French general and statesman who became very popular during World War II as the leader of the Free French forces in exile (1890-1970)

Francois Mitterand

French statesman and president of France from 1981 to 1985 (1916-1996)

Conrad Adenaur

German statesman; chancellor of West Germany

economic miracle

Japan's rebuilding of their shattered economy.

Bretton Woods Conference 1944

Meeting of Western allies to establish a postwar international economic order to avoid crises like the one that spawned World War II. Led to the creation of the International Monetary Fund (IMF) and the World Bank, designed to regulate currency levels and provide aid to underdeveloped countries. (923)

Ludwig Erhard

Minister of the economy, bet on the free economy while maintaining the extensive social welfare network inherited from the Hitler era.

French Fourth Republic

The Fourth Republic was the republican government of France between 1946 and 1958, governed by the fourth republican constitution. It was in many ways a revival of the Third Republic, which was in place before World War II, and suffered many of the same problems.

GATT

a United Nations agency created by a multinational treaty to promote trade by the reduction of tariffs and import quotas

World Bank

a United Nations agency created to assist developing nations by loans guaranteed by member governments

International Monetary Fund

a United Nations agency to promote trade by increasing the exchange stability of the major currencies

space race

a competition of space exploration between the United States and Soviet Union

counter-culture

a culture with lifestyles and values opposed to those of the established culture

Welfare state

a government that undertakes responsibility for the welfare of its citizens through programs in public health and public housing and pensions and unemployment compensation etc.

Consumerism

a movement advocating greater protection of the interests of consumers

second vatican council

a national worldwide leadership council from 1962 to 1965 that brought tremendous changes to the catholic church

Stagflation

a period of slow economic growth and high unemployment (stagnation) while prices rise (inflation)

Labour Party

a political party formed in Great Britain in 1900

General Assembly

persons who make or amend or repeal laws

Christian Democrats

progressive Catholics and revitalized Catholic political parties that became influential after the Second World War. (995)

Big Science

scientific research that requires massive capital investment but is expected to yield very significant results

French Fifth Republic

set up by De Gaulle, stronger presidential office with the powers to dissolve the legislature, submit popular issues to the people, and assume emergency power whenever necessary, De Gaulle became the first president and prestige power and stability were returned, Algerian issue was solved when colony was granted independence

french student revolt

students took over the university, leading to violent clashes with police. Most students demanded changes in curriculum and real voice in running the university

COMECON

the Council for Mutual Economic Assistance; Soviet dominated group that provided resources to Soviet bloc countries; ends in 1991

Euro dollar, euro

the basic monetary unit of most members of the European Union (introduced in 1999)

treaty of rome 1957

this founded the European Economic Community (EEC) and established a customs union and coordinated trade policy amongst members. Originally joined by France, Germany, Italy and the Benelux countries (Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg)

oil crisis

1970 political crisis in the middle east made world wide gas prices soar and people freaked

Catholic Party

Political party of Catholics in Germany; second largest party

yuri gagarin

Soviet cosmonaut who in 1961 was the first person to travel in space (1934-1968)

Brain Drain

The immigration to the United States and other industrialized nations of skilled workers, professionals, and technicians who are desperately needed in their home countries.

sputnik

The world's first space satellite. This meant the Soviet Union had a missile powerful enough to reach the US.

keynesian economics

Theory based on the principles of John Maynard Keynes, stating that government spending should increase during business slumps and be curbed during booms.

women's rights movement

This stemmed from the anger towards men for giving females secondary roles in society and preventing them from participating in policy discussions.

guest workers

Workers who migrate to the more developed countries of Northern and Western Europe, usually from Southern of Eastern Europe or from North Africa, in search of higher-paying jobs.

Maastricht treaty 1991

agreement that resulted in a singel currency for the European Union-caused massive protest marches and general strike in France

mixed economy

an economic system that combines private and state enterprises

European Union

an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

European economic community

an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

common market

an international organization of European countries formed after World War II to reduce trade barriers and increase cooperation among its members

OPEC

an organization of countries formed in 1961 to agree on a common policy for the production and sale of petroleum

United Nations

an organization of independent states formed in 1945 to promote international peace and security

margaret thatcher

conservative prime minister (first woman) of Britain. Tax cuts for the rich. Controversial.

European Coal and Steel Community

international organization to control and integrate all European coal and steel production. Consisted of West Germany, Italy, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, and France. Number 1 goal to be so close together economically that war against them impossible. "The six".