Bio 139 Study Guide Exam 1
Vitamin K deficiency
Leads to a breakdown of the common pathway, inactivating the clotting system.
Most plasma proteins are carried to the
Liver
Which type of WBC includes the B and T cells that are responsible for humoral and cell mediated immunity?
Lymphocyte
myeloid stem cells will differentiate into progenitor cells, which give rise to all WBCs except
Lymphocytes
Leukemia
Notable feature: excessive number of white blood cells.
Blood is not
Slightly acidic, with a PH of 6.5
Hypoxia
Stimulated the production of erythropoietin, therefore more blood cells.
Hemolytic disease of the newborn
This disease occurs in the fetus if the fetus is Rh+ while the mother is Rh-. The mother's agglutinins cross the placental barrier and destroy fetal red blood cells.
Agglutinations are contained on the cell membrane of the RBC, whereas the agglutinins are found in the plasma.
True
Blood between mother and child does not mix until birth
True
Mature red blood cells cannot synthesize proteins.
True
What type of blood would cause a cross reaction when given to a person with type A positive blood?
Type B positive
Coloration of urinary and digestive wastes
Urobilins and stercobilins
In which phase of hemostasis does local contraction of the injured blood vessel occur
Vascular phase
After injury, hemostasis occurs in this order;
Vascular, platelet, coagulation, clot retraction, clot destruction (fibrinolysis)
Part of plasma
Water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes.
When plasma O2 concentrations are falling, the rising plasma CO2 binds to the __________ of the hemoglobin molecule.
alpha and beta chains
If you have type A blood, your plasma holds circulating __________ that will attack __________ erythrocytes.
anti-B agglutinins; type B
To check the efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs, blood may be required via
arterial puncture
During RBC recycling, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to __________.
biliverdin
What are the major components of the cardiovascular system?
blood, heart, blood vessels
I microliter of blood contains * erythrocytes
5.2 million
Under normal conditions, neutrophils comprise ** of the circulatory WBC's
50-70 percent
A typical microliter of blood contains __________ leukocytes.
5000-10,000
Blood comprises of what percent of body weight in kilograms
7 percent
If a person has type A and Rh surface antigens on the blood cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma, what is the person's blood type?
A positive
Blood Doping
A technique for temporarily improving athletic performance in which oxygen-carrying red blood cells previously withdrawn from an athlete are injected back just before an event
Calcium ions and Vitamin K
Affect almost every aspect of the clotting process
Which type of plasma proteins serve as a carrier for the hormones T3 and T4
Albumins
White blood cells and antibodies
Also known as patrol agents
The number of eosinophils increases dramatically during
An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection
O2 will diffuse from blood plasma to interstitial fluid and CO2 will diffuse in the opposite direction
Because *Concentration of dissolved gases in different
Clot destruction
Begins with activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which initiates the production of plasmin
Heme is the part of hemoglobin that
Binds oxygen
Fibrinogen (plasma protein) functions in
Blood clotting
A, B, and Rh are surface antigens that are used to determine
Blood type
In which phase of hemostasis is fibrin deposited, creating a solid blood clot?
Coagulation phase
Iron decifiency anemia
Decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and O2 carrying capacity
Not a component of plasma
Elastic fibers
Which of the WBC's are involved in fighting parasitic infections, such as flukes and roundworms?
Eosinophils
Which category of plasma proteins includes the antibodies
Globulins
Agglutinogens are contained on the __________, whereas the agglutinins are found in the __________.
cell membrane of the RBC; plasma
Reticulocytes are nucleated immature cells that develop into mature __________.
erythrocytes
The iron extracted from heme molecules during hemoglobin recycling is stored in the protein-iron complexes __________.
ferritin and hemosiderin
The precursor of all blood cells in the human body is the:
hemocytoblast
Which part of the hemoglobin molecule directly interacts with oxygen?
iron ion
Erythropoietin appears in the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to
low oxygen concentrations
Platelets are formed from large cells called
megakaryocytes
Circulating mature RBCs lack __________.
mitochondria, ribosomes, nuclei
Which type of white blood cell circulates in the blood for about 24 hours before entering the tissues and differentiating into a macrophage?
monocyte
Which type of granular leukocyte can engulf up to two dozen bacteria and also produces a respiratory burst that creates harsh chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide?
neutrophil
In which pregnancy is an Rh-positive mom and an Rh-positive child at risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis?
no pregnancy
Vitamin B12 deficiency results in
pernicious anemia
not a formed element
plasma
What is the term for the characteristic of white blood cells whereby they are attracted to a specific chemical stimulus?
positive chemotaxis
An abnormally low platelet count is called
thrombocytopenia
The rate of megakaryocyte activity and platelet formation is regulated by:
thrombopoietin, interleukin-6, multi-CSF
The primary function of a mature red blood cell is which of the following?
transport of respiratory gases
B and T cells
two types of lymphocytes Involved in the specific immune response T cells complete maturation process in the thymus.
Blood temp and blood pH average
38 C, 7.4
Erythropoiesis
production of red blood cells
Formed elements
red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets
Where are red blood cells produced in an adult?
red bone marrow
A change in the amino acid sequence of DNA coding for one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule results in a condition known as
sickle cell anemia
