Bio 139 Study Guide Exam 1

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Vitamin K deficiency

Leads to a breakdown of the common pathway, inactivating the clotting system.

Most plasma proteins are carried to the

Liver

Which type of WBC includes the B and T cells that are responsible for humoral and cell mediated immunity?

Lymphocyte

myeloid stem cells will differentiate into progenitor cells, which give rise to all WBCs except

Lymphocytes

Leukemia

Notable feature: excessive number of white blood cells.

Blood is not

Slightly acidic, with a PH of 6.5

Hypoxia

Stimulated the production of erythropoietin, therefore more blood cells.

Hemolytic disease of the newborn

This disease occurs in the fetus if the fetus is Rh+ while the mother is Rh-. The mother's agglutinins cross the placental barrier and destroy fetal red blood cells.

Agglutinations are contained on the cell membrane of the RBC, whereas the agglutinins are found in the plasma.

True

Blood between mother and child does not mix until birth

True

Mature red blood cells cannot synthesize proteins.

True

What type of blood would cause a cross reaction when given to a person with type A positive blood?

Type B positive

Coloration of urinary and digestive wastes

Urobilins and stercobilins

In which phase of hemostasis does local contraction of the injured blood vessel occur

Vascular phase

After injury, hemostasis occurs in this order;

Vascular, platelet, coagulation, clot retraction, clot destruction (fibrinolysis)

Part of plasma

Water, proteins, electrolytes, nutrients, and organic wastes.

When plasma O2 concentrations are falling, the rising plasma CO2 binds to the __________ of the hemoglobin molecule.

alpha and beta chains

If you have type A blood, your plasma holds circulating __________ that will attack __________ erythrocytes.

anti-B agglutinins; type B

To check the efficiency of gas exchange at the lungs, blood may be required via

arterial puncture

During RBC recycling, each heme unit is stripped of its iron and converted to __________.

biliverdin

What are the major components of the cardiovascular system?

blood, heart, blood vessels

I microliter of blood contains * erythrocytes

5.2 million

Under normal conditions, neutrophils comprise ** of the circulatory WBC's

50-70 percent

A typical microliter of blood contains __________ leukocytes.

5000-10,000

Blood comprises of what percent of body weight in kilograms

7 percent

If a person has type A and Rh surface antigens on the blood cells and anti-B antibodies in the plasma, what is the person's blood type?

A positive

Blood Doping

A technique for temporarily improving athletic performance in which oxygen-carrying red blood cells previously withdrawn from an athlete are injected back just before an event

Calcium ions and Vitamin K

Affect almost every aspect of the clotting process

Which type of plasma proteins serve as a carrier for the hormones T3 and T4

Albumins

White blood cells and antibodies

Also known as patrol agents

The number of eosinophils increases dramatically during

An allergic reaction or a parasitic infection

O2 will diffuse from blood plasma to interstitial fluid and CO2 will diffuse in the opposite direction

Because *Concentration of dissolved gases in different

Clot destruction

Begins with activation of the proenzyme plasminogen, which initiates the production of plasmin

Heme is the part of hemoglobin that

Binds oxygen

Fibrinogen (plasma protein) functions in

Blood clotting

A, B, and Rh are surface antigens that are used to determine

Blood type

In which phase of hemostasis is fibrin deposited, creating a solid blood clot?

Coagulation phase

Iron decifiency anemia

Decrease in hematocrit, hemoglobin content, and O2 carrying capacity

Not a component of plasma

Elastic fibers

Which of the WBC's are involved in fighting parasitic infections, such as flukes and roundworms?

Eosinophils

Which category of plasma proteins includes the antibodies

Globulins

Agglutinogens are contained on the __________, whereas the agglutinins are found in the __________.

cell membrane of the RBC; plasma

Reticulocytes are nucleated immature cells that develop into mature __________.

erythrocytes

The iron extracted from heme molecules during hemoglobin recycling is stored in the protein-iron complexes __________.

ferritin and hemosiderin

The precursor of all blood cells in the human body is the:

hemocytoblast

Which part of the hemoglobin molecule directly interacts with oxygen?

iron ion

Erythropoietin appears in the plasma when peripheral tissues, especially the kidneys, are exposed to

low oxygen concentrations

Platelets are formed from large cells called

megakaryocytes

Circulating mature RBCs lack __________.

mitochondria, ribosomes, nuclei

Which type of white blood cell circulates in the blood for about 24 hours before entering the tissues and differentiating into a macrophage?

monocyte

Which type of granular leukocyte can engulf up to two dozen bacteria and also produces a respiratory burst that creates harsh chemical agents such as hydrogen peroxide?

neutrophil

In which pregnancy is an Rh-positive mom and an Rh-positive child at risk of developing erythroblastosis fetalis?

no pregnancy

Vitamin B12 deficiency results in

pernicious anemia

not a formed element

plasma

What is the term for the characteristic of white blood cells whereby they are attracted to a specific chemical stimulus?

positive chemotaxis

An abnormally low platelet count is called

thrombocytopenia

The rate of megakaryocyte activity and platelet formation is regulated by:

thrombopoietin, interleukin-6, multi-CSF

The primary function of a mature red blood cell is which of the following?

transport of respiratory gases

B and T cells

two types of lymphocytes Involved in the specific immune response T cells complete maturation process in the thymus.

Blood temp and blood pH average

38 C, 7.4

Erythropoiesis

production of red blood cells

Formed elements

red blood cells, white blood cells, platelets

Where are red blood cells produced in an adult?

red bone marrow

A change in the amino acid sequence of DNA coding for one of the globin chains of the hemoglobin molecule results in a condition known as

sickle cell anemia


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