BIO 211 Midland's Tech Koziel Test 4
A couple whose blood types are A (IAi) and B (IBi) may have a child with which of the following blood types
A, B, AB, or O
Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum during the embryonic period
Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
The female structure that is homologous to the penis is the
Clitoris
The first fluid secreted by the mother's breast tissue is called
Colostrum
Placental estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Which of the following structures makes this possible during the first 3 months of pregnancy
Corpus luteum
The duct system of the male reproductive system includes all of the following EXCEPT
Corpus spongiosum
A person is heterozygous for a particular trait if he/she has
One dominant allele and one recessive allele for the trait
Which phrase best describes the human genome
One pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes
The umbilical veins carry
Oxygen and nutrients to the fetus
Milk ejection (let-down reflex) is stimulated by suckling. The hypothalamus mediates this response by triggering the release of
Oxytocin
A woman has blond hair and brown eyes. This statement is best described as indicating
Phenotype
At which stage of labor is the "afterbirth" expelled
Placental
The function of fructose in semen is to
Provide an energy source for ATP production by sperm
The primary function of the uterus is to
Receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum
Secretion of progesterone stimulates
Secretory activity of the uterine endometrium
Which of the following is NOT a function of the vagina
Serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte
The 23rd pair of human chromosomes are called ___ chromosomes
Sex
Derivates of the mesoderm include
Smooth muscle of the digestive tract
Why is the blood-testis barrier important?
Spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system
The erectile tissue immediately surrounding the male urethra is the corpus
Spongiosum
The epithelium lining the vagina is
Stratified squamous
The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.
Sympathetic stimulation
The enzyme that digests the endometrium and allow implantation to occur are produced by the
Trophoblast cells
A pregnant woman urinates more often than usual because the uterus compresses the bladder, and she must also dispose of fetal metabolic wastes
True
For normal sperm development, the testes must be kept below 37 degrees
True
Heredity characteristics are transmitted to offspring by genes
True
In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous has a phenotype intermediate between that of homozygous-dominant and homozygous recessive individuals
True
It is possible for a baby to have type O blood if neither parent is type O
True
The smaller cell produced by meiosis I, called the first polar body, is essentially a packet of discarded genetic material
True
The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium
True
All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true EXCEPT
True: estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the proliferative phase of the cycle, a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation and the corpus lute is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation False: FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium
What would be the possible blood phenotypes of the offspring of parents who are genotype ii and IAIB
Types A or B only
Deoxygenated fetal blood is carried to the placenta via the
Umbilical arteries
Fertilization generally occurs in the
Uterine tubes
Sex chromosomes of a normal male are
XY
In humans, farsightedness is inherited by possession of a dominant gene. If a man who is homozygous for farsightedness (AA) marries a woman who is heterozygous for farsightedness, what proportion of their children would be expected to be farsighted?
100%
How many pairs of autosomes does a normal human have
22
A normal human spermatid contains
23 chromosomes
Match the following descriptions with the correct genetic term
Actual genetic makeup: genotype Genes not expressed unless they are present in homozygous condition: autosomes Genes at the same location on homologous chromosomes: Alleles Chromosomes regulating most body characteristics: autosomes
For fertilization to occur, sperm must penetrate
All must be penetrated (the corona radiate, the zone pellucida and the plasma membrane of the oocyte)
Which of the following help move the oocyte into and through the uterine tube?
All of the above (peristalsis, cilia and fimbriae)
Four extra embryonic membranes form during the first 2-3 weeks of development. Which one contributes to formation of the umbilical cord
Allantois
Onset of the Dilation Phase of labor may be a result of ALL of the following factors EXCEPT
Aspirin and similar drugs
Normally menstruation occurs when
Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease
A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause
Decreased testosterone secretion
If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum
Degenerates into the corpus albicans
Most materials cross the placenta by
Diffusion
Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is NOT true
Each spermatid forms two sperm
The result of polyspermy in humans
Is a nonviable zygote
During which stage of labor is the fetus delivered
Expulsion stage
A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes
False
Female orgasm is required for conception
False
Most genetic disorders are inherited through dominant genes
False
The amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is dependent on the influence of FHS alone
False
The corpus luteum secretes testosterone only
False
Colostrum is different from true milk because it contains less lactose and virtually no
Fat
In humans, freckles (F) and widow's peak (W) are dominant traits. If a male that is homozygous for freckles and a straight hairline mates a female that is homozygous for a widow's peak and unfreckled, what will be the appearance of their offspring?
Freckled with widow's peak
Seminal vesicles of the male reproductive system produce
Fructose-rich fluid for semen
The term capacitation refers to
Functional changes that sperm undergo in the female reproductive tract that allow them to fertilize the oocyte
The ___ stage of development is the first in which all three germ layers of tissues are evident
Gastrulation
The formation of endodermal and ectodermal germ layers occurs during
Gastrulation
Which hypothalamic hormone controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins
GnRH
Effects of estrogen include
Growth of the breasts at puberty
Which male hormone synthesized by sustentacular (sertoli) cells inhibits the secretion of FSH
Inhibin
The embryonic disc develops from the
Inner cell mass
Match the following descriptions with the correct week of embryonic development
Internal organs formed; recognizable as human: week 8 Fertilization; cell division begins: week 1 Neurulation; heart pumps blood: week 4 Blastocyst completes implantation: week 2
The female structure that is homologous to the scrotum is the
Labia majora
What percentage of sperm cells introduced into the vagina normally reach the oocyte
Less than 1%
Sperm production requires a scrotal temperature that is
Lower than body temperature
Dominant alleles are so called because under most circumstances they
Mask the expression of other alleles
During the uterine cycle, the endometrium would be at its thickest
Midway in the Secretory (post-ovulatory) phase
Gene mutations in the sex chromosomes of the human would tend to become visibly expressed
More frequently in males
At day 4 after fertilization, the solid ball of cells that has formed is called the
Morula
Inheritance of the ABO blood types is an example of
Multiple allele inheritance (co-dominance)
The first axial support for the embryo, developed from mesoderm, is called the
Notochord
Using figure 27.23, match the following descriptions with the correct component of the ovary:
Tertiary follicle: E Primary follicle: B Progesterone is produced here: H Secondary oocyte: G
The embryonic period of development covers what time period
The first two months following fertilization
Recessive traits are usually expressed in humans only when
The genotype is homozygous recessive
Which of the following has occurred by the end of the first month of development
The heart has formed and is beating
Identify the statement about the uterine tubes that is NOT correct
The uterine tubes are rigid and immovable
It is impossible for sperm to fertilize the egg until after
They undergo capacitation