BIO 211 Midland's Tech Koziel Test 4

A couple whose blood types are A (IAi) and B (IBi) may have a child with which of the following blood types

A, B, AB, or O

Which hormone maintains the viability of the corpus luteum during the embryonic period

Chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

The female structure that is homologous to the penis is the

Clitoris

The first fluid secreted by the mother's breast tissue is called

Colostrum

Placental estrogen and progesterone maintain the integrity of the uterine lining during the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Which of the following structures makes this possible during the first 3 months of pregnancy

Corpus luteum

The duct system of the male reproductive system includes all of the following EXCEPT

Corpus spongiosum

A person is heterozygous for a particular trait if he/she has

One dominant allele and one recessive allele for the trait

Which phrase best describes the human genome

One pair of sex chromosomes and 22 pairs of autosomes

The umbilical veins carry

Oxygen and nutrients to the fetus

Milk ejection (let-down reflex) is stimulated by suckling. The hypothalamus mediates this response by triggering the release of

Oxytocin

A woman has blond hair and brown eyes. This statement is best described as indicating

Phenotype

At which stage of labor is the "afterbirth" expelled

Placental

The function of fructose in semen is to

Provide an energy source for ATP production by sperm

The primary function of the uterus is to

Receive, retain, and nourish a fertilized ovum

Secretion of progesterone stimulates

Secretory activity of the uterine endometrium

Which of the following is NOT a function of the vagina

Serves as a passageway for the primary oocyte

The 23rd pair of human chromosomes are called ___ chromosomes

Sex

Derivates of the mesoderm include

Smooth muscle of the digestive tract

Why is the blood-testis barrier important?

Spermatozoa and developing cells produce surface antigens that are recognized as foreign by the immune system

The erectile tissue immediately surrounding the male urethra is the corpus

Spongiosum

The epithelium lining the vagina is

Stratified squamous

The ability of a male to ejaculate is due to the action of ________.

Sympathetic stimulation

The enzyme that digests the endometrium and allow implantation to occur are produced by the

Trophoblast cells

A pregnant woman urinates more often than usual because the uterus compresses the bladder, and she must also dispose of fetal metabolic wastes

True

For normal sperm development, the testes must be kept below 37 degrees

True

Heredity characteristics are transmitted to offspring by genes

True

In incomplete dominance, the heterozygous has a phenotype intermediate between that of homozygous-dominant and homozygous recessive individuals

True

It is possible for a baby to have type O blood if neither parent is type O

True

The smaller cell produced by meiosis I, called the first polar body, is essentially a packet of discarded genetic material

True

The soft mucosal lining of the uterus is the endometrium

True

All of the following statements referring to the uterine cycle are true EXCEPT

True: estrogen is secreted by the developing follicle in the proliferative phase of the cycle, a decrease in the levels of ovarian hormones signals menstruation and the corpus lute is formed from the ruptured follicle after ovulation False: FSH and LH directly promote development of the uterine endometrium

What would be the possible blood phenotypes of the offspring of parents who are genotype ii and IAIB

Types A or B only

Deoxygenated fetal blood is carried to the placenta via the

Umbilical arteries

Fertilization generally occurs in the

Uterine tubes

Sex chromosomes of a normal male are

XY

In humans, farsightedness is inherited by possession of a dominant gene. If a man who is homozygous for farsightedness (AA) marries a woman who is heterozygous for farsightedness, what proportion of their children would be expected to be farsighted?

100%

How many pairs of autosomes does a normal human have

22

A normal human spermatid contains

23 chromosomes

Match the following descriptions with the correct genetic term

Actual genetic makeup: genotype Genes not expressed unless they are present in homozygous condition: autosomes Genes at the same location on homologous chromosomes: Alleles Chromosomes regulating most body characteristics: autosomes

For fertilization to occur, sperm must penetrate

All must be penetrated (the corona radiate, the zone pellucida and the plasma membrane of the oocyte)

Which of the following help move the oocyte into and through the uterine tube?

All of the above (peristalsis, cilia and fimbriae)

Four extra embryonic membranes form during the first 2-3 weeks of development. Which one contributes to formation of the umbilical cord

Allantois

Onset of the Dilation Phase of labor may be a result of ALL of the following factors EXCEPT

Aspirin and similar drugs

Normally menstruation occurs when

Blood levels of estrogen and progesterone decrease

A low secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the normal male adult would cause

Decreased testosterone secretion

If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum

Degenerates into the corpus albicans

Most materials cross the placenta by

Diffusion

Which of the following statements about spermatogenesis is NOT true

Each spermatid forms two sperm

The result of polyspermy in humans

Is a nonviable zygote

During which stage of labor is the fetus delivered

Expulsion stage

A human egg or sperm contains 23 pairs of chromosomes

False

Female orgasm is required for conception

False

Most genetic disorders are inherited through dominant genes

False

The amount of testosterone and sperm produced by the testes is dependent on the influence of FHS alone

False

The corpus luteum secretes testosterone only

False

Colostrum is different from true milk because it contains less lactose and virtually no

Fat

In humans, freckles (F) and widow's peak (W) are dominant traits. If a male that is homozygous for freckles and a straight hairline mates a female that is homozygous for a widow's peak and unfreckled, what will be the appearance of their offspring?

Freckled with widow's peak

Seminal vesicles of the male reproductive system produce

Fructose-rich fluid for semen

The term capacitation refers to

Functional changes that sperm undergo in the female reproductive tract that allow them to fertilize the oocyte

The ___ stage of development is the first in which all three germ layers of tissues are evident

Gastrulation

The formation of endodermal and ectodermal germ layers occurs during

Gastrulation

Which hypothalamic hormone controls the release of anterior pituitary gonadotropins

GnRH

Effects of estrogen include

Growth of the breasts at puberty

Which male hormone synthesized by sustentacular (sertoli) cells inhibits the secretion of FSH

Inhibin

The embryonic disc develops from the

Inner cell mass

Match the following descriptions with the correct week of embryonic development

Internal organs formed; recognizable as human: week 8 Fertilization; cell division begins: week 1 Neurulation; heart pumps blood: week 4 Blastocyst completes implantation: week 2

The female structure that is homologous to the scrotum is the

Labia majora

What percentage of sperm cells introduced into the vagina normally reach the oocyte

Less than 1%

Sperm production requires a scrotal temperature that is

Lower than body temperature

Dominant alleles are so called because under most circumstances they

Mask the expression of other alleles

During the uterine cycle, the endometrium would be at its thickest

Midway in the Secretory (post-ovulatory) phase

Gene mutations in the sex chromosomes of the human would tend to become visibly expressed

More frequently in males

At day 4 after fertilization, the solid ball of cells that has formed is called the

Morula

Inheritance of the ABO blood types is an example of

Multiple allele inheritance (co-dominance)

The first axial support for the embryo, developed from mesoderm, is called the

Notochord

Using figure 27.23, match the following descriptions with the correct component of the ovary:

Tertiary follicle: E Primary follicle: B Progesterone is produced here: H Secondary oocyte: G

The embryonic period of development covers what time period

The first two months following fertilization

Recessive traits are usually expressed in humans only when

The genotype is homozygous recessive

Which of the following has occurred by the end of the first month of development

The heart has formed and is beating

Identify the statement about the uterine tubes that is NOT correct

The uterine tubes are rigid and immovable

It is impossible for sperm to fertilize the egg until after

They undergo capacitation